Re: Eritrean stone tools prove use of marine resources 2 million years too late

On Jul 15, 6:58 am, Marc Verhaegen <m_verhae...@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
Op 15-07-2007 14:04, in artikel
1184501089.513091.64...@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, Lee Olsen
<paleoc...@xxxxxxxxxxx> schreef:

On Jul 15, 2:44 am, Marc Verhaegen <m_verhae...@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:

Same out-of-date blahblah answer.

http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefMedia.aspx?artrefid=7615525....
461565708&sec=-1&pn=1

Gona = ostrich = hot, arid setting = core tools = meat = smart.

Here are the facts:

Message-ID: <1124565262.379006.215...@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Jason Eshleman


Listen to what real scientists have to say:

"Stable carbon isotopic values of paleosol carbonates from the
archeological layers are more strongly positive than any Miocene or
Pliocene East African samples to date, suggesting that hominid
activities at Kanjera South were being carried out in an open (>75%
C4
grass) setting. An open setting is also suggested by high proportions
of equids and alcelaphine antelopes in the archeological fauna. In
contrast, gracile australopithecine sites and slightly younger
Oldowan
occurrences from Bed I Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania were formed in
moister,
more wooded settings. The Kanjera research is therefore notable in
documenting hominid activities in what may be the earliest secondary
grassland known from East Africa (Ditchfield et al.1999)."

"Spatially associated zooarchaeological remains show that hominids
acquired meat and mar-
row by 2.5 million years ago and that they are the near contemporary
of
Oldowan artifacts at nearby Gona. The combined evidence suggests that
be-
havioral changes associated with lithic technology and enhanced
carnivory may
have been coincident with the emergence of the Homo clade from
Australo-
pithecus afarensis in eastern Africa (Jean de Heinzelin, et al.
1999.)"


"Analysis of A. africanus tooth enamel from Makapansgat Limeworks
(about 3 million years old), and A. robustus and early Homo from
Swartkrans (about 1.5- 1.7 million years old) produced some surprising
results. If A. africanus was a fruit- and leaf- eater as suggested by
the microwear analysis, they should show corresponding C3 carbon
isotope signatures. But they do not! Instead, the results show that,
on average, 25% of their dietary carbon came from grasses. For one
individual at Makapansgat it was more like 50%. It was also surprising
that the same pattern held for all the hominids at Makapansgat and
Swartkrans, over a period of some 1 to 2 million years (Lee-Thorp
2001)."
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

So much for loons who believe sedges and algae were a major portion of
early Homo's diet. Of course cut marks on antelope bones at Gona 2.6
mya fits quite nicely with the savanna hypothesis and Dr.Julia Lee-
Thorp's evidence.

This evidence completely falsifies the so-called littorial spritual-
based hypothesis.


Tobias 1995 ³We were all profoundly and unutterably wrong! ? All the
former savannah supporters (including myself) must now swallow our earlier
words ?²
Wood 1996 ³the ?savannah¹ hypothesis of human origins, in which the
cooling begat the savannah and the savannah begat humanity, is now
discredited²
Stringer 1997 ³One of the strong points about the aquatic theory is in
explaining the origin of bipedality. If our ancestors did go into the water,
that would forced them to walk upright ?²
Tobias 1998 ³?Bamford identified fossil vines or lianas of Dichapetalum
in the same Member 4: such vines hang from forest trees and would not be
expected in open savannah. The team at Makapansgat found floral and faunal
evidence that the layers containing Australopithecus reflected forest or
forest margin conditions. From Hadar, in Ethiopia, where ?Lucy¹ was found,
and from Aramis in Ethiopia, where Tim White¹s team found Ardipithecus
ramidus ? well-wooded and even forested conditions were inferred from the
fauna accompanying the hominid fossils. All the fossil evidence adds up to
the small-brained, bipedal hominids of four to 2.5 Ma having lived in a
woodland or forest niche, not savannah.² ³? if ever our earliest ancestors
were savannah dwellers, we must have been the worst, the most profligate
urinators there²
Stringer 2001 ³In the past I have agreed that we lack plausible models
for the origins of bipedalism and have agreed that wading in water can
facilitate bipedal locomotion (as observed in other normally quadrupedal
primates). I have never said that this must have been the forcing mechanism
in hominids, but I do consider it plausible. As for coastal colonisation, I
argued in my Nature News & Views last year that this was an event in the
late Pleistocene that may have facilitated the spread of modern humans.²
Wrangham 2005 ³Here I follow the conventional assumption that hominins
began in the savanna.² ³? the composition of the Okavango as a network of
islands could favor the evolution of bipedalism. For those who envisage
bipedalism as facilitated by the need to traverse or exploit aquatic
environments, an inland delta that generates low islands termitogenically or
hydrodynamically offers rich scenarios.²
Alemseged 2006 ³I believe we should just put the savannah theory aside.
I think they basically became biped while they were living in a wooded,
covered environment ?² ?


.

Relevant Pages

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