Re: Born to run long distances

Op 15-09-2007 23:48, in artikel
1189892898.878459.188250@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, nickname
<alas_my_loves@xxxxxxxxx> schreef:

Thanks Rich,

Apparently further confirmation that Homo has relatively "recently"
changed from an oxygen conservation (breath hold diving) habit to a
more oxygen using aerobic habit (wading, walking, push-poling
watercraft, jogging, paddling).

Yes, obvious. This stuff annihilates the possibility of kudu runners 2 Ma.

(Sorry for sending the press release another time.)

Small study, I wonder which region of Africa the Africans were from.
I'd guess that the Europeans and Asians with higher aerobic efficiency
are from northern/montane regions, where water is too cold (or frozen)
to swim and dive, so nets and such have traditionally been employed.
Ddeden

--Marc

_____

On Sep 15, 8:32 am, Rich Travsky <traRvE...@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2007/910/3

Born to Run Long Distance
10 September 2007

Marathon running might be in some people's genes, according to a new study,
which
shows that a genetic mutation that boosts muscle endurance has spread widely
in
some human populations.

There are two types of skeletal muscle fibers. Fast fibers, which use sugars
for
fuel and do not require oxygen, kick in for tasks that require maximum force
and
quick action, such as sprinting. Slow fibers, which employ oxygen-using (or
aerobic) pathways, power activities that require endurance, such as
long-distance
running. A protein called alpha-actinin-3 is made mostly by fast fibers and
is
implicated in their capacity for rapid force generation. About 18% of people
of
European descent do not produce the protein at all due to mutations in both
their
copies of the gene ACTN3, which codes for alpha-actinin-3. Previous studies
have
shown that endurance athletes such as long-distance runners have higher
frequencies of this mutation, whereas sprinters and athletes in other sports
that
require quick muscle strength have lower frequencies.
...
To trace the gene's evolutionary history in humans, the team sequenced a
segment
of DNA that includes ACTN3 in 96 people from Europe, Asia, or Africa. Earlier
work had found that the frequency of the mutant gene varies in human
populations,
ranging from an average of 10% in Africans to about 50% in Europeans and
Asians.
North and her co-workers found that the region surrounding the mutant version
of
the gene showed less variability than did other parts of the genome, a sign
of
positive natural selection. The authors suggest that the mutation might have
had
an adaptive advantage for modern humans, who migrated out of Africa into
Europe
and Asia beginning about 60,000 years ago. The research appeared online 9
September in Nature Genetics.
...



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Relevant Pages

  • Re: Born to run long distances
    ... I wonder which region of Africa the Africans were from. ... Slow fibers, which employ oxygen-using (or ... A protein called alpha-actinin-3 is made mostly by fast fibers and is ... ranging from an average of 10% in Africans to about 50% in Europeans and Asians. ...
    (sci.anthropology.paleo)
  • Re: Born to run long distances
    ... Didn't you even know that humans with a bit of training ... I'd guess that the Europeans and Asians with higher aerobic efficiency ... shows that a genetic mutation that boosts muscle endurance has spread ... Fast fibers, which use ...
    (sci.anthropology.paleo)
  • Re: Born to run long distances
    ... I wonder which region of Africa the Africans were from. ... Slow fibers, which employ oxygen-using (or ... A protein called alpha-actinin-3 is made mostly by fast fibers and is ... ranging from an average of 10% in Africans to about 50% in Europeans and Asians. ...
    (sci.anthropology.paleo)
  • Re: Born to run long distances
    ... I'd guess that the Europeans and Asians with higher aerobic efficiency ... shows that a genetic mutation that boosts muscle endurance has spread widely ... Fast fibers, which use sugars ... Slow fibers, which employ oxygen-using (or ...
    (sci.anthropology.paleo)
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