Human diet was protein-poor

Lactose-rich and protein-poor milk

Related to the neonatal growth rate is the composition of the maternal milk
(Table 2). Milk composition in the same species varies greatly according to
the newborn¹s age, the time of the day, the beginning or end of the feed,
etc., so that fat contents of human milk can range from 3 to 180 g/l
(Ribadeau-Dumas, 1983). Nevertheless, a few generalisations can be made.
Savanna species (ass, camel, kangaroo) as well as primates (human, macaque)
tend to have diluted milk rich in sugars and poor in fats, as opposed to
mammals in colder environments: rabbit, reindeer, polar bear, pinnipeds and
cetaceans (cf. rapid seasonal growth? no water shortage?). Human milk
approaches that of horses and asses in being very diluted, and even
surpasses the equids in being extremely poor in proteins and rich in sugars
(lactose). But when the fatness in proportion to the protein content is
compared, humans (and perhaps elephants), as opposed to the equids and other
mammals, typically resemble Cetacea and marine Carnivora. In the human milk,
however, the ratio of lactose to protein is extremely high - the opposite of
pinnipeds, polar bears, whales, echidnas and rabbits. If we assume that the
lactose meets the daily energy demands, this could be correlated with the
slow postnatal growth of primates and especially humans (Martin, 1990,
464-468).

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