human ancestors dived parttime for shellfish
- From: Marc Verhaegen <m_verhaegen@xxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Sun, 01 Jun 2008 01:10:11 +0200
Yet there they are, a TV writer
in England, a Doctor (incredible but true) in Belgium,
and a Ph.D. student in Australia --all claiming that
we were "more aquatic in the past".
:-)
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AAT <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AAT>
AAT: Shore Adaptations in the genus Homo
-Human Evolution based on Comparative anatomy/physiology
-Littoral Diaspora after Homo & Pan split ~5 Ma
-Comparative & Fossil information on ape & human evolution
AAT:
-Aquatic Ape Theory of human evolution (original term E.Morgan 1982)
-Aquarboreal Apes Theory of Mio-Pliocene apes (aqua=water arbor=tree)
-Amphibious Ancestors Theory of Plio-Pleistocene Homo (AAT strict sense)
AAT s.s. is based on human behavior/anatomy/physiology/DNA compared to
chimps & living animals:
Waterside food collection (fruits/(coco)nuts, turtle/bird eggs,
shell/crayfish, water(side)plants, drowned bovids, stranded whales...)
explains unique Homo traits (not in apes/australopiths) better than forest
or plains dwelling:
-large brain (frequent in water(side) mammals),
-slow-diving skills (record >100 metres),
-voluntary breath control (record >10 minutes), preadaptation for voluntary
sound production (speech),
-small mouth & biting muscles,
-tongue bone descent,
-projecting nose (typical of semi-aquatics),
-poor sense of smell (disproves savanna dwelling),
-handiness/tools (durophagy, typical in waterside mammals),
-late puberty & long life span (oppostie of savanna mammals),
-alined head-spine-legs (typical of fequent swimming),
-flat feet (disproves swavanna dwelling),
-fur loss (frequent in tropical (semi)aquatics),
-fatness (typical of species that spend a lot oftime in water),
-reduced climbing,
-profuse sweating (requires lots of water & sodum, both scarce on savannas),
-high needs of water (drinking, low renal concentration),
-high needs of sodium,
-high needs of iodine (coast),
-poly-unsaturated fatty acids (eg, DHA), in abundance in aquatic foods
-etc.
All these are present in different combinations in (semi)aquatic animals but
strikingly absent in, eg, savanna mammals.
After Homo & Pan split ~64 Ma, Homo populations spread along seashores &
from there inland along lakes/rivers in savannas & elsewhere, eg, crossed 18
km sea to Flores 0.8 Ma: tools/fossils 2.5-0.1 Ma are found near Rift valley
lakes & even (sea level fluctuations hindered fossilisation) Indian Ocean &
African coasts, often amid seashells: Mojokerto, Dungo V Baia Farta, Terra
Amata, Table Bay, Eritrea...
M.Westenhöfer 1942 Der Eigenweg des Menschen. Mannstaede
A.Hardy 1960 Was Man more aquatic in the past? NS 7:624
M.Roede...1991 The Aquatic Ape: Fact or Fiction? Souvenir
E.Morgan 1997 The Aquatic Ape Hypothesis. Souvenir
M.Verhaegen...2002 Aquarboreal ancestors? TREE 17:212
S.Cunnane 2005 Survival of the Fattest. World Scientific
P.Tobias http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~mvaneech/outthere.htm
Symposium 1999 Water & Human Evolution
http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~mvaneech/Symposium.html
<http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~mvaneech/Symposium.html>
http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~mvaneech/Verhaegen.html
<http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~mvaneech/Verhaegen.html>
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AAT <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AAT>
.
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