Re: Swimming - and diving and drowning Re: Tobias 1995

On Dec 30, 12:07 pm, Marc Verhaegen <m_verhae...@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:



As summarized in Bramble and Lieberman
(2004), human ER capabilities, which are unique among primates,

Yes, yes, Mr. Karoha already knows that.

http://tinyurl.com/32ryet

"In fact, Australian Aborigines and various Native American and
African groups
have traditionally practiced “persistence hunting,” chasing antelopes
or other
game in the midday heat, often for hours, until the animals overheat
and collapse."

Page 96: Leakey gives a nice example of root-gathering Tindiga women
running after kudus and killing them with clubs.
Most know it is the female chimps that teach their young how to crack
nuts with a rock and strip a twig to use in termite fishing.
It is reasonable to assume it was the females of our ancestors that
were teaching the young to run after kudus and kill them with weapons.

LEAKEY, L. S. B., By the Evidence.
Memoirs 1932-1951.
New York, Harcourt Brace 1974

Kudus just can't stand the pace.

"From our spring-loaded ligaments to our muscular behinds to our
ability to sweat,
the human body took the ideal shape of a long-distance runner starting
some 2 million years ago,
the researchers say. The long, lean build helped us scavenge widely
scattered kills
and could also have been an advantage when hunting down prey over long
distances."
"We're lousy sprinters, but we're really great long-distance
runners,"
said Daniel Lieberman, an anthropologist at Harvard University.


http://tinyurl.com/7u5wo
" In fact, he walked and ran with better mechanics than we do today.
The mechanics of his femur, femur head, pelvis, and lower back are
superior to those of today. We have had to sacrifice some of that
efficiency of walking and running to give birth to children with
larger brains."
Runners live longer, new study August 2008
(Google search needed for citation)
"Two indepandent lines of research converged on the
conclusion that early Homo was an efficient runner, the first human
species to be so Leakey (1994:55)."

http://tinyurl.com/2n8y2n
Carl Zimmer Science 2004

"It may come as a surprise to hear that humans excel in running.
Obviously,
a leopard can leave us in the dust in a short sprint.
But over longer distances leopards and most other mammals flag. "Most
mammals can't sustain a gallop over 10 to 15 minutes,"
says Lieberman. Humans, on the otherhand, can continue running for
hours
while using relatively little energy. "Humans are
phenomanenal endurance runners, in terms of speed, cost, and
distance,"
says Lieberman. You can actually outrun a pony easily."
And yet, he points out, "no other primates out there endurance run."


http://www.indigenouspeople.net/tarafeat.htm
"The public was amazed at the prowess of the runners and even more so
when the papers reported
that there were better ones at home. One of them was called "The Tiger
of the Sierra"; he had run for
three consecutive days that same year, near Norogachic, Chihuahua,
covering a distance of 300 kilometers,
or 186 miles, of mountainous country."

"Specifically, longer, more linear bodies are better adapted
for heat loss in dry open environments, where evaporative
heat loss from sweating is very effective. All modern-day tall
"elongated"
African (e.g., Nilotics) are restricted to such environments."
Alan Walker and Richard Leakey editors.
1993 The Nariokotome Homo Erectus Skeleton.
Harvard University Press, Cambridge

http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/master.html?http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/1206/1206_samplings.html
Mr. Karoha runs down another ill-equipped-for-savanna kudu.

"The earliest Eurasians preferentially occupied
grasslands and open scrub- and wood-lands, as in
East Africa. Homo ergaster/erectus in East Africa after 1.7 Ma is
associated with hot and dry conditions, and open
grasslands; its post-cranial anatomy, with its long
limbs was geared to long-distance walking across
open ground, and to heat dispersal through upright
posture (Dennell 2003:442)."

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17584912/
"Just because humans have long legs doesn’t make us less aggressive.
Rather, the longer legs are a product of humans’ specialization for
distance running."


"He showed that even the slowest human runners could, with even a
slight head start, outrun lions, cheetahs, leopards, hyenas, and wild
dogs, not by speed, but by out distancing them (Donald Mitchell)."
QUARRY CLOSING IN ON THE MISSING LINK by Boaz, Noel T. 1993 (ISBN:
0029045010)

"From our spring-loaded ligaments to our muscular behinds to our
ability to sweat,
the human body took the ideal shape of a long-distance runner starting
some 2 million years ago,
the researchers say. The long, lean build helped us scavenge widely
scattered kills
and could also have been an advantage when hunting down prey over long
distances."
"We're lousy sprinters, but we're really great long-distance
runners,"
said Daniel Lieberman, an anthropologist at Harvard University.


http://tinyurl.com/dcxyw

"A long-distance runner has beaten a leading endurance racehorse over
a distance of 80 kilometres in the United Arab Emirates."

.

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