Re: kudu runners
- From: Lee Olsen <paleocity@xxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2009 06:52:22 -0700 (PDT)
http://tinyurl.com/b8mvtt
http://tinyurl.com/cb9st9
"The study details various adaptations found in early humans—including
fossils
of Homo erectus and Homo habilis,—which are required only for
running.
These adaptations include long, springlike tendons, such as the
Achilles tendon,
which store energy and reduce the metabolic costs of running by half.
Fossil
records suggest the Achilles tendon was absent in Australopithecus."
http://tinyurl.com/ahxe4f
"The Achilles tendon is the single strongest tendon in the human
body.
The primary function of the Achilles tendon is to transmit the power
of the calf to the foot enabling walking and running. If it has to do
with
upright, bipedal motion, the Achilles tendon is a part of that
activity."
http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2009/226/1
"The new glimpse of the footpaths of animals and humans complement
earlier studies
that reveal the anatomy and behavior of H. erectus, suggesting that as
it evolved
modern body proportions, it also increased its home range and began
competing
with carnivores for carcasses on the savanna, says Harris."
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~skeleton/pdfs/2004e.pdf
"Here we assess how well humans perform at sustained long-distance
running, and
review the physiological and anatomical bases of endurance running
capabilities
in humans and other mammals. Judged by several criteria, humans
perform remarkably
well at endurance running, thanks to a diverse array of features, many
of which
leave traces in the skeleton. The fossil evidence of these features
suggests that
endurance running is a derived capability of the genus Homo,
originating about
2 million years ago, and may have been instrumental in the evolution
of the human
body form (Bramble and Lieberman 2004)."
http://tinyurl.com/ysglaq
"Human beings can run long distances because we carry multiple copies
of a gene
that helps supply our cells with energy, a new study suggests. That
supports the
idea that endurance running gave our human ancestors an evolutionary
edge.
An analysis of DNA from 10 primate species reveals that, compared with
the genome
of chimpanzees and gorillas, our genome includes many more duplicates
of a gene
called aquaporin 7 (AQP7), which transports water and sugary compounds
into cells.
Humans appear to have five copies of this gene, whereas chimps have
just two,
and other primates carry only one copy."
http://tinyurl.com/2n8y2n
"It may come as a surprise to hear that humans excel in running.
Obviously, a
leopard can leave us in the dust in a short sprint. But over longer
distances
leopards and most other mammals flag. "Most mammals can't sustain a
gallop
over 10 to 15 minutes," says Lieberman.
Humans, on the other hand, can continue running for hours while using
relatively
little energy. "Humans are phenomenal endurance runners, in terms of
speed, cost,
and distance,"
says Lieberman. You can actually outrun a pony easily." And yet, he
points out,
"no other primates out there endurance run (Zimmer 2004)."
On Apr 6, 3:54 am, Marc Verhaegen <m_verhae...@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
some netloons still think our ancestors 2 Ma ran after kudus
they have 0 arguments for this belief
0
it's far-fetched
unnecessary
impossible
all cursorial mammals esp.long-distance runners have slender bones
this alone makes kudu running a fairy tale
.
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