Polymorphism in genomics Re: subtract orangutan genome from chimpanzee genome to gain Throwing genes

From: Archimedes Plutonium (a_plutonium_at_iw.net)
Date: 07/26/04 

Date: Mon, 26 Jul 2004 02:13:17 -0500

Sat, 19 Jun 2004 13:32:21 -0500 Archimedes Plutonium wrote:

> Fri, 18 Jun 2004 13:47:39 -0500 Archimedes Plutonium wrote:
> (big snip)
>
> >
> > This logic would then say that the chimp should be more of a primitive
> > biped than the orangutan or gorilla since neither one of them even
> > throws. I do not know whether a chimpanzee in the wild when required to
> > walk bipedally has an easier time than a orangutan since a orangutan
> > does not throw at all.
> >
> > This does not contradict the Stonethrowing theory in that the throwing
> > behaviour of chimps is so primitive that any development of bipedalism
> > for the chimp must wait for more developement of its throwing.
> >
>
> You see, someone may question my logic here. They would say that since I
> believe Stonethrowing created bipedalism and since chimpanzees have a crude
> and primitive throwing ability whereas orangutans do not (at least I have
> not heard whether orangutans ever throw objects), yet orangutans seem to be
> better primitive bipeds than chimpanzees.
>
> Here the trouble is that it is not known whether chimps are superior
> throwers over orangutans and it is not known whether orangutans are
> superior partial-bipeds in limited circumstances.
>
> So my logic that Stonethrowing created bipedalism is not upset because of
> the situation of chimpanzee versus orangutan.
>
> In this case I am saying that the throwing of the chimp is so primitive of
> its underarm throwing that not until the chimp starts to throw overarm will
> the chimp body anatomy accelerate in changes of morphology to where the
> chimp becomes more and more biped than quadraped.
>
> Some 8 to 10 million years ago before Oreopithecus, there was a
> human-apelike creature that was in the same state of morphology as the
> modern day chimp in that this primitive prehuman ape could throw underarm
> and was still a quadraped and then a million years later could throw
> overarm and was rapidly developing the bone and muscle morphology of
> walking biped and losing its quadraped mobility.
>
> Now in these messages of the past week or more I have been using the term
> "subtract out" of the genome. I am not sure if that term is apt. I
> sometimes think that it is like cross multiplication of fractions in
> mathematics where we *factor out like terms*. So that if we had a full
> genome of chimpanzee and orangutan and gorilla and human and tasked with
> the mission of finding what genes are for Throwing and what genes are for
> Bipedalism. I am not sure whether the procedure is a subtraction of A, C,
> T, G coding or whether it is more of a Factoring Out.
>

--- quoting Science - Reuters in part ---

                            New Genome Test Finds Big Differences
                            Among People

                            Thu Jul 22, 4:36 PM ET

                            By Maggie Fox, Health and Science Correspondent

                            WASHINGTON (Reuters) - A new way of comparing DNA
has turned up surprising
                            genetic differences among normal, healthy people,
researchers said on Thursday.

                             The researchers found -- by accident -- that some
people are missing large chunks of
                             DNA, while others have extra copies of stretches
of DNA.

                            Writing in the journal Science, the researchers
have dubbed these differences "copy
                            number polymorphisms." They are found in genes
linked with cancer risk, with how much
                            people eat and with reactions to drugs.
.......

                            The team at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New
York, the Karolinska Institute in
                            Stockholm, Sweden and elsewhere used a new kind of
DNA test called Representational
                            Oligonucleotide Microarray Analysis or ROMA.

                            "It can detect differences in DNA from any two
sources," said Cold Spring Harbor
                            spokesman Peter Sherwood.
.........

                            "They detected more than 70 of these large chunks
of DNA that were altered in normal
                            human cells."

                            These were large differences that have not been
reported before -- involving much more
                            DNA than so-called single nucleotide
polymorphisms, which are well-known single-letter
                            changes in the A, C, T, G nucleotide code that
makes up DNA.

                            Other experts praised the work.
..........

                            Although genome experts are not done picking out
the many genes found in human DNA,
                            they estimate there may be as few as 30,000
different genes -- a far cry from original
                            estimates of 100,000 or more.

.........

                             In 20 people they found a stretch of DNA on
chromosome 16 that does not appear there
                             in the published sequence of the human genome --
but rather on chromosome 6. "It is
                            extra copies of a gene that no one knew about,"
Sherwood said.

                            Comparisons of human to chimpanzee genomes have
found similar swaps, when a gene
                            migrates from one chromosome to another.

                            "Just as chromosomal rearrangements have played a
significant role in primate evolution
                            and human disease, structural polymorphisms may
play an analogous role in determining
                            genetic diversity within the human population,"
the researchers wrote.

--- end quoting ---

Upon reading this article I wonder whether Throwing Abilities whether in
chimpanzee or human or non throwing such as in orangutan or gorilla is related
to polymorphisms. I wonder if the genetics of famous baseball pitchers has
alot of polymorphisms and whether say many famous pitchers seem to have the
same polymorphs??

I wonder if the difference between throwing underarm by chimps and throwing
overarm by humans is due to some polymorph. And whether the underarm by chimps
and the non throwing of orangutans is due to a polymorphism.

Archimedes Plutonium
www.archimedesplutonium.com
www.iw.net/~a_plutonium
whole entire Universe is just one big atom where dots
of the electron-dot-cloud are galaxies

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