Re: Genetic evidence.....
From: Seppo Renfors (Renfors_at_not.net.au)
Date: 08/04/04
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Date: Wed, 04 Aug 2004 13:50:08 GMT
G Horvat wrote:
>
> On Tue, 03 Aug 2004 14:46:31 -0400, Yuri Kuchinsky <yuku@trends.ca>
> wrote:
>
> >Seppo Renfors wrote:
>
> >> > And also don't forget that some of them, such as those
> >> > conducted by Rebecca Cann and JK Lum, DO support the
> >> > American connection of the Maoris.
> >>
> >> Do you have a URL to this? The studies I have read haven't supported
> >> it so far...
>
> Seppo, you will note that Yuri used the word, "connection". There is
> no doubt that a connection is currently recognized but some
> researchers are more inclined to mention it than others.
>
> I happened to come across both of these yesterday:
>
> "The distribution of ... [beta-globin] haplotypes in Brazilian
> Amerindian populations was investigated in ten tribes of the
> Amazon region by Guerreiro et al. (1992, 1994) and
> Bevilacqua et al. (1995), who obtained similar results.
> Haplotypes 2 and 6 were the most common, and
> heterozygosity was reduced, as compared to Europeans and
> Africans. The results also showed that Brazilian
> Amerindians are closely related to Asians, Polynesians and
> Micronesians. ... These haplotypes were probably brought to
> America by the first settlers of the continent, given that they are
> also common in Asia, the probable place of origin of the
> first migrants, and in the islands of the South Pacific, from
> where additional immigrants may have come (Salzano and
> Callegari-Jacques, 1988; Nei and Roychoudhury, 1993;
> Ward et al., 1991; Horai et al., 1993; Neves et al., 1998)."
>
> Genetics and Molecular Biology, 26, 3, 229-234 (2003)
> Genetic relationships among native americans based on ß-globin gene
> cluster haplotype frequencies
> Rita de Cassia Mousinho-Ribeiro1, Gabriella Pante-de-Sousa1, Eduardo
> José Melo dos Santos1 and João Farias Guerreiro2
> ---------------------------------
> "Among them were women who carried mtDNAs that belonged to the Asiatic
> haplogroups A, C, and D. It is possible that, by an alternative route
> closer to the sea, a haplogroup B simultaneously entered the New
> World, a group that was also Asiatic, but which is not found today in
> Siberia like haplogroups A, C, and D. Today, and possibly also in the
> past, haplogroup B is common from Central China through the Southeast
> in Indonesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia." [and Japan, Korea,
> Taiwan...]
>
> Journal of Caribbean Amerindian History and Anthropology (2002?)
> The Use of Mitochondrial DNA to Discover Pre-Columbian
> Migrations to the Caribbean: Results for Puerto Rico and
> Expectations for the Dominican Republic
> Dr. Juan C. Martínez Cruzado
>
> -----------------------------
> The question is what does the "connection" mean?. Probably the best
> illustration of the *complete* mtDNA sequence data which is relevant
> to this discussion is the phylogenetic chart on page 1742 of the
> following article:
>
> Mol. Biol. Evol. 19(10):1737-1751. 2002
> The Emerging Limbs and Twigs of the East Asian mtDNA Tree
> Toomas Kivisild,* Helle-Viivi Tolk,* Ju¨ri Parik,* Yiming Wang,
> Surinder S. Papiha, Hans-Ju¨rgen Bandelt,§ and Richard Villems*
>
> The coding region portion of the Piman sequence obtained by Ingman is
> indicative of the typical Native American 'B' sequences obtained by
> Herrnstadt (although only about 18 in number). The Samoan sequence
> has the Polynesian motif and is indicative of this type of sequence.
>
> Some Asian sequences have already been identified which have variants
> at position numbers 16189 16217 16261 10238 9123 and 5465. These are
> the ones which, lacking 16247G and other variants, should have
> preceded the motif phylogenetically. 10 of 11 Asian ones which appear
> to meet this criteria were or happened to be located on the eastern
> coast of Asia but many more will be identified in the future and many
> more further south. Complete mtDNA sequence research is still new and
> so the sample sizes are small but it is pretty exact.
>
> http://www.oxfordancestors.com/papers/mtDNA02%20LimbsTwigs.pdf
>
Thanks for that, Gisele, I even almost understood that :-)
Unless I'm completely mistaken the publications point to the
"connection" with the Americas is back in time and via South/East
Asia. This is not exactly unexpected and is as I have understood it to
be.
-- SIR - Philosopher unauthorised ----------------------------------------------------------------- The one who is educated from the wrong books is not educated, he is misled. -----------------------------------------------------------------
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