Re: Back-Migrations (was: Siberian Arctic site dated to 27,000 BP)

From: Philip Deitiker (Donevenask_at_worlnet.att.net)
Date: 03/23/05

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    Date: Wed, 23 Mar 2005 03:33:46 GMT

    G Horvat <g-horvat@shaw.ca> says in
    news:mmf1415j6b537kgdjbkh210csa3vf4sb40@4ax.com:

    > On Tue, 22 Mar 2005 23:38:36 GMT, G Horvat <g-horvat@shaw.ca>
    > wrote:
    >
    > [...]
    >>Do you have any Aleut HLA haplotypes yet? (Seems to me you
    >>didn't the last time we discussed this issue.)
    >
    > I see an abstract but the article is in Russian:
    >
    > Genetika. 2003 Dec;39(12):1710-8.
    >
    > [Genetic history of Aleuts of the Komandor islands from results
    > of analyzing variability of class II HLA genes]
    >
    > [Article in Russian]
    >
    > Volod'ko NV, Derbeneva OA, Uinuk-ool TS, Sukernik RI.
    >
    > Variability of the HLA class II genes (alleles of the DRB1,
    > DQA1,
    > and DQB1 loci) was investigated in a sample of Aleuts of the
    > Commanders (n = 31), whose ancestors inhabited the Commander
    > Islands for many thousand years. Among 19 haplotypes revealed in
    > Aleuts of the Commanders, at most eight were inherited from the
    > native inhabitants of the Commander Islands. Five of these
    > haplotypes

    DRB1*0401-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0301 This is a pretty common
    west pacific rim combo. Its also found in europe, variants
    are at their highest frequency in south America. Its of west pacific
    rim origin via austronesia. I calculated the level of this in
    Jomonese to be about 20%, its also found at high levels in vietnamese
    and some populations along the western pacific rim. It exists in
    europe, mainly eastern, for example the swedes have about 16%. The
    origin of this in the swedes is likely due to recent admixture with
    eastern derived peoples. This haplotype is also known as DR4-DQ8

    > DRB1*1401-DQA1*0101-DQB1*0503
    This is actually DRB1*1401-DQA1*0104-DQB1*0503
    At the time the 0104 allele was not distinquishable from 0101.
    This haplotype and variants are pretty common in native americans,
    particularly those living along the western regions. This is a pretty
    'asia/NA' haplotype and its frequency in europeans, africans, middle
    easterners is low.

    > DRB1*0802-DQA1*0401-DQB1*0402,
    DQ4 haplotypes.

    Probably derived from Ainu/Jomon/Amur peoples.
    Inside the New World the nodal center for this is the Seri Indians of
    mexico, or my answer to the question, what happened to Kenniwick
    Man's people. In the old world the nodal center is on the Island of
    Hokkaido. DQ4 haplotype. The other populations which has the DQ4
    component is the !kung of africa.

    > DRB1*1101-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301, and DRB1*1201-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301)
    DQ7 haplotypes.

    Common in native americans highest frequency is going to be the
    Tinglet, which are nodal for *0301. It should be noted that 0501
    splits into two alleles, *0505 and *0501, The *0505 component is
    found in europeans according to Pera 100% of all *0501:*0301 =
    *0505:*0301. Native americans have *0501, I suspect this is of middle
    eastern origins but at some point before the LGM.

    > Disregarding the data for a moment, how do the authors *know*
    > that the direct ancestors of the Aleuts "survived in
    > Beringian/southwestern Alaskan coastal refugia during the last
    > Ice Age"?

    DQ8 is an indicator. Although it could have come later, if the gene
    frequency is the highest, then chances are it came apart with the
    first wave, and you have the route for the first amerinds. They
    followed the aluets, by water and down into western US. [Jumping up
    and down and pointing finger at Daryl]

    > Because they are living in the north now?

    DQ8 drops in northern Japan its frequency does not come up again
    along the coast until you hit uto-aztecan peoples.

    > The
    > reason I ask is because mtDNA sequences have more than likely
    > usually been interpreted in the same way to explain the
    > similarities on both sides of the Bering Strait. However,
    > Aleut, in particular, mtDNA sequences can be separated into 2
    > groups (disregard the Inuit & Chukchi haplotypes for a second):
    > 1) the ones which are most frequently found in North America and
    > phylogenetically closest to those of the Nadenes (A) and 2) the
    > ones which must have come directly from Asia (D2) and which are
    > more numerous than the other. I wonder if the same pattern can
    > be observed in the HLA haplotypes.
     
    > Aleuts (N=163) (of the Commander Islands)
    > Haplogroup A - 34.3%
    > Haplogroup D2- 65.6%
    >
    > Siberian Eskimo (N=77)
    > haplogroup A - 76.6%
    > haplogroup C - 2.6%
    > haplogroup D2 - 15.6%
    > Haplogroup D3 - 5.2%
    >
    > Greenland Eskimo (N=98)
    >
    > haplogroup A - 99.0%
    > haplogroup D3 - 1.0%
    >
    > I reiterate - the D2 & D3 sequences are not the Native American
    > type. The haplogroup A sequences are.

    If it will make you fell better, the Tlinglit are recent arrivals and
    the aluets have some of the same DQ7 haplotypes so it is possible
    that the Tlinglet introduced these new haplotypes to the aluet
    population.

    Obviously there has been admixture since the first settling, there is
    no appreciable DQ4 in austronesia or in the medial west pacific rim.

    I should make a point however about DQ8, DQ8 is almost as high in
    koreans as Japanese, and it is possible that southern amerinds are
    from one asian source population and aluetians are from another,
    might explain the haplotype differences. 

    -- 
Philip
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