Scholars and Theory of Science former Re: The Vinland Map's Ink

Eric,
it's ok that you aren't prepared to discuss VM, and I hadn't expected Tom to
understand the Theory of Science so his suggestion only say that he doesn't
know what's up. Anyhow here it is.

When an artifact is found, no matter of from which period, there are four
things that's needed before the position possible or probable genuine
artifact can be reached:

1* Dating of the material of the artifact
- that's done in VM case and give 1430's for the parchment. The ink can't be
dated using known methods without destroying the artifact itself. I return
to the ink-question below but want's to remind everyone that a scholarly
behavior never ever allows the scholar to start from a biased position
without declaring ones position in advance.

2* Study of the context. That's been done. It's been established that the
parchment has been 'bound' together with the Tartardocument.

- While non Scandinavian scholars aren't aware of the contacts between
Scandinavians and the Tartars from Emperor Julian's days, others are. That
connection has contemporary sources to lean to.

the 'wormholes' been discussed
- and full explination for them has been given. They are in the 'right'
places compared to the wormholes in the Tartar document
AND
in an url I myself sent from one of Historiska Museet's site there are
information given that show at least one natural cause for such 'wormholes'.
Ink that hasn't been completely blended.

The ink has been discussed numerous times without anyone presenting a full
formula for the ink.
- BUT the assumption that the anatase couldn't have been made before 1920's
falls down in pieces when all background information for anatase is
presented:
a) anatase exists in nature - which in the first presented anti-VM theories
it was supposed not to.
b) anatase in mineral sand can exist in round and uniform way.
For example when cheramic powder is used and prepared to be used it can look
this way:
http://www.altairnano.com/main_content/DevProj_TSGP.html

and TiO2 in nature can exist as round grains
"Mineral grains from the Kirkland soil. a. Potassium feldspar sand grain. b.
Intermediate Na-K feldspar grain rounded from water transport but still
showing cleavage features. c. Quartz grain which appears to have had a
comple x history of overgrowths. The flaky material at the center of the
grain is adhered dioctahedral mica. d. Rounded TiO2 grain. "
http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/research/s207/sem/figlist.htm

On the other hand it's not true that syntetic anatase, which is a rare
product since it's normally anatase which is heated to get rutile....,
always is round and uniform....
http://www.markusniederberger.ch/postdoc.html
http://www.rsc.org/CFmuscat/intermediate_abstract.cfm?FURL=/ej/JM/2003/b3057
18f.PDF

Which leads to one single conclusion - the anatase found on VM is one thing,
proving it to be a syntetic anatase falls because it does exist in round
grains in nature when filtered by water and in simple water added process
before filtering - same way the sand used in Medieval Age always were
prepared before being dried and poured on wet ink.

Which leads to one single conclusion:
At best The anatase syntetic theory needs to be rereformulated/reworded,
at worst it falls to pieces without any more plausible logic arguments for
such a theory at all

3* Does there exists any natural causes for anatase to exist in ink? Please
remember that anatase existed almost as long as the Earth existed and a lot
of it is today found in mineral sand which in the past been in water. Also
please remember that while some scholars try to claim that knowledge of
round anatase didn't exist before 1920's, it was written about it in a
school book for 16-18 year old students in 1880's which also included two
ways of testing if the TiO2 was rutile or anatase...

- Yes it does exist more than one natural reason/cause why anatase can be
found in Medieval ink:
a) the anatase exists in nature and when in watered and filtered mineral
sand the grains can be rounded and of course uniform depending on the
filtering process. Washed and filtered mineral sand was used in Medival Age
to dry ink. That's a well documented process used up to the days when
blotting papers came to be used. It's not only possible but happened more
than once that grains and/or single cristals from the sand remained in the
ink after the ink had dried.
That's one natural cause that could explain anatase in form found in VM's
ink.

b) anatase exists in clay and kaolin in nature. Many of the pots used for
inks were made of cheramics. Anatase is known to exist in cheramic powder
which of course can exist in pots of cheramic material. That anatase can
easily mix with the ink no matter which type of ink was used as well as it
can 'cling' to the writing pen after the pen has been dipped in the ink and
the overflowing ink been rubbed of on the upper edge of the pot.
That's one other natural reason why anatase can exist in Medieval ink.

c) ink's composition. Which isn't known thus it can't be presumed that none
of the contents included in the formula can't have had anatase in it. Only
strawmen would ever consider that position being able to take under usage of
theory of Science methods.

d) anatase has been used from Ancient Age in color-formulas. No matter that
the word anatase wasn't known that fact can't be disputed because TiO2 in
the forms used for white colors always contained and contains some, up to
50% anatase, in it.

As all who have been working with Medieval documents knows it happened more
than once that the documents had pictures and that Letters could be
'painted'. Thus there also exist a slim, but possible way for anatase to
come on to the pen and when dipped in ink mixing with it.

Then there is of course all the what 'if' scenarios being discussed as if
they were the only way to explain the anatase. Contamination and other such
hypotetical assumptions.

As long as there exist at least one possible way to explain why the anatase
could have come into the VM ink, it's not possible to start from a possition
that the anatase 'must' be considered syntetic!

4* the study of the context behind a 1430's map must be performed before
it's possible to claim VM to be a forgery. To my knowledge none except me
have done a deep study in that respect. None of the scholars of History who
spoken against VM being genuine has presented one single of the diplomas nor
refered to the speaches held at the Basel Convent which called for the
1430's map to be drawn.


Conclusion Given all factors above all cases using the Anatase - syntetic
theory has fallen apart. For such theory to be presented from now on it
calls for the theory to be reformulated with all needed premisses for such a
theory taken into consideration before it's presented. At present stage
nothing presented against VM-map can and shall be used against it if the
scholar in question wants to act in line of theory of Science.

Inger E




.

Relevant Pages

  • Mr Towe libelling
    ... > Repeated requests have been made to those who cling to Vinland Map ... > The Renfors Facts? ... The Cahill PIXE analyses found anatase, not only in the ink ...
    (sci.archaeology)
  • Re: The Vinland Map Find Or Fraud?
    ... that has NO RELEVANCE to anything at all being discussed. ... "Anatase particles having all of these properties can only have been ... relevance to the Vinland Map inks." ... content of nanogram flakes of the yellow ink itself, ...
    (sci.archaeology)
  • Re: The Vinland Map Find Or Fraud?
    ... > idea as deriving anatase for the VM ink from clays. ... > then appear in an ink on the Vinland Map. ... > anatase without kaolinite is like finding a needle or two in a haystack ...
    (sci.archaeology)
  • Re: The Vinland Maps Ink
    ... the ferrous iron begins to oxidize to ferric iron and hematite ... talks about a "leaching process" - quite the opposite from calcining. ... In modern practice, when anatase is ... the association of anatase with a medieval ink ...
    (sci.archaeology)
  • Hines-Renfors-Johansson-McCulloch team of scientific experts explain Vinland Map ink
    ... Repeated requests have been made to those who cling to Vinland Map ... The Renfors Facts? ... The Cahill PIXE analyses found anatase, not only in the ink ...
    (sci.archaeology)