Lateglacial human influence on vegetation
- From: "Peter Alaca" <P.Alaca@xxxxxx>
- Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2006 15:12:42 +0200
Hoek, W.Z (1997)
"Paleogeography of Lateglacial vegetations.
Aspects of Lateglacial and Early Holocene
vegetation, abiotic landscape, and climate
in the Netherlands"
Thesis, also published as Nederlandse
Geografische Studies 230, Utrecht/Amsterdam.
From page 30 of part one:
"2.5.4 Lateglacial human influence
Human influence on the vegetation is large since
the middle of the Holocene. For the Lateglacial,
however, the influence of man on vegetation is
considered to be of minor importance. Stapert
(1986) described the presence of Late
Paleolithic hunters belonging to the Hamburg
culture in the northern Netherlands.
A radiocarbon date from burned Willow
brushwood in a possible camp-site gave an age
of 11,540 ± 270 BP.
Van der Hammen (1951) and Hijzeler (1957)
described the so-called Usselo culture, human
occupation during the late Allerød in The
Netherlands.
The Usselo layer, associated with the Usselo
culture is a wide-spread organic layer frequently
containing charcoal particles, mainly consisting
of Pine /Pinus/. Forest fires must have occurred
frequently, which can be recognized in the
presence of charcoal and a decrease in arboreal
pollen percentage in favour of herbs and a
greater frequency of Chenopodiaceae and
Epilobium angustifolium (van der Hammen,
1951,1957).
Within the Usselo layer flints have been found
frequently, which are ascribed to the Late
Palaeolithic Tjonger or Federmesser culture (van
den Toorn, 1967). Radiocarbon ages obtained
from charcoal of the Usselo layer centers around
11,000 BP, ranging from 11,440 ± 120 BP to
10,365 ± 200 BP.
The extent of human influence on vegetation has
been investigated by Bos and Janssen (1996) for
a Late Palaeolithic Federmesser site near
Milheeze, southern Netherlands. They showed
that repeated burning of the (open) Pine forest
can be detected by pollen analysis.
The distance over which the pollen evidence was
recorded was very small, less than 150 m. It is
clear that man had some influence on the
vegetation, but the impact can only be seen
relatively near to camp-sites."
References in this quote
Bos, J.A.A. & C.R. Janssen (1996), "Local
impact of Paleolithic man on the environment
during the the end of the last glacial in the
Netherlands" Journ. of Archaeological Science
23, pp 731-739.
Hammen, Th, van der (1951), "Late-Glacial flora
and periglacial phenomena in The Netherlands".
PhD-Thesis, Leiden. Leidse Geol. Med. 17, pp
71-183.
Hammen, Th. van der (1957), "The stratigraphy
of the Late-Glacial". Geologie en Mijnbouw 19,
pp. 250-254.
Heijzeler, C.C.W.J. (1957), "Late-glacial human
cultures in the Netherlands". Geologie en
Mijnbouw 19, pp. 288-302
Stapert, D. (1986) "Two findspots of the
Hamburgian tradition in the Netherlands dating
from the Early Dryas Stadial: stratigraphy." Med.
Werkgr. voor Tertiar en Kwartair Geologie 23, pp
21-41.
Toorn, J.C. (1967), "Toelichting bij de
Geologische kaart van Nederland 1:50.000,
Venlo West (52W)." Geologische Stichting, Afd
Geologische Dienst, Haarlem
Artists impression (by Bob Brobbel) of Late-glacial
reindeer hunters in the Netherlands.
http://static.flickr.com/89/236792034_d007275d00_o.jpg
or http://tinyurl.com/l3bh7
Source:
J.H.F.Bloemers, L.P. Louwe Kooijmans & H.Sarfatij.
"Verleden Land", Amsterdam, 1981, page 30
--
p.a.
.
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