Re: spacetime

"Jeff Root" bravely wrote to "All" (29 Dec 05 22:17:57)
--- on the heady topic of "Re: spacetime"

JR> From: "Jeff Root" <jeff5@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
JR> Xref: core-easynews sci.astro:454670


JR> What was the evidence which implied that all energy,
JR> not just mass, warps spacetime (causes gravity)?
JR>
JR> -- Jeff, in Minneapolis

PHYSICS NEWS UPDATE
A digest of physics news items prepared by Phillip F. Schewe, AIP
Public Information
Number 147 October 13, 1993

THE PHYSICS NOBEL PRIZE GOES TO JOSEPH TAYLOR AND RUSSELL HULSE, both
of Princeton University, for their discovery of the first binary
pulsar and for subsequent studies leading to a verification of the
theory of general relativity for a system outside our solar system.
Using the 300m Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico, Taylor and
Hulse in 1974 monitored the beacon-like emissions of the pulsar PSR
1913+16 and inferred that the pulsar -- believed to be a rapidly
spinning neutron star -- was accompanied by a nearby comparably-
massive (1.5 solar masses) and compact (20-km diameter) companion
object. A great deal has been learned from the pulsar's radio bursts,
which arrive at Earth about 17 times a second with a regularity that
rivals that of the best atomic clocks. For example, a Doppler effect
evident in the pulse sequence provides the information needed to work
out the orbit parameters for the system. Furthermore, by recording
the pulses over a multi-year period, general-relativistic properties
of the binary system could be extracted. In particular, a very slight
inward spiralling of the two partners causes their mutual orbit to
speed up and close in. According to Taylor, this phenomenon, which
shows up as a decrease in the orbital period of about 75 msec per
year, comes about because the system is losing energy (about 10**32
ergs/sec) via the emission of gravitational waves. (Equivalently, the
advance of the system's periastron is 4.2 degrees per year; by
contrast the advance of the periastron for the planet Mercury is only
43 arc-sec per century.) Because the observed decrease in the period
so closely matches the value predicted by Einstein's theory of general
relativity, many astronomers regard these observations as being
important (albeit indirect) evidence for the existence of
gravitational waves. (Taylor, 609-452-4368; Hulse, 609-243-2418. See
also the October 1981 issue of Scientific American.)



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