Re: Operational Amplifier Design
From: Jim Thompson (thegreatone_at_example.com)
Date: 11/08/04
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Date: Mon, 08 Nov 2004 08:21:21 -0700
On 7 Nov 2004 18:26:07 -0800, Winfield Hill
<whill_a@t_rowland-dotties-harvard-dot.s-edu> wrote:
>Ken Smith wrote...
>>
>> Winfield Hill
>>> The LM324 output stage is severely in need of improvement...
>>
>> If the OP is just trying to get a starting point, operation down
>> to the negative rail can be set aside. Yes the output stage sucks
>> but it is simple.
>
> Simple, but pedagogically best as an example of how not to do it.
On a bipolar process you don't have many choices. The vertical PNP
plus current sink _did_ get you _almost_ to negative rail ;-)
The biggest problem was brand variability... Motorola's copy had such
severe cross-over distortion as to make the part unusable for active
filters... which is why I put the Motorola LM324 on the GenRad
(OmniComp) do-not-purchase list.
...Jim Thompson
-- | James E.Thompson, P.E. | mens | | Analog Innovations, Inc. | et | | Analog/Mixed-Signal ASIC's and Discrete Systems | manus | | Phoenix, Arizona Voice:(480)460-2350 | | | E-mail Address at Website Fax:(480)460-2142 | Brass Rat | | http://www.analog-innovations.com | 1962 | I love to cook with wine. Sometimes I even put it in the food.
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