Re: you can't bash Microsoft enough
- From: websnarf@xxxxxxxxx
- Date: 4 May 2007 02:04:25 -0700
On May 3, 2:11 pm, John Larkin
<jjlar...@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
On 3 May 2007 12:30:29 -0700, websn...@xxxxxxxxx wrote:
On May 3, 10:00 am, John Larkin
<jjlar...@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
On Thu, 03 May 2007 16:38:02 +0000, Mike Monett <N...@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
John Larkin <jjlar...@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> I sometimes use a little math/ascii conversion package I wrote for
> the 68K. The math format is 32.32, a longword of signed integer
> plus a longword of fraction. That's adequate for near any
> real-world variables. It's blindingly fast compared to floats (no
> normalizing!) and conversion into/out of integers is
> instantaneous. All the math functions saturate, so most of the
> time it's safe to ignore exceptions, including division by 0.
> John
If you haven't come across it yet,Paul Hsiehhas several pages on
integer math for the x86 that might be useful:
"Integer multiplying by constants"
the x86 ISA also includes lea, sub and mov (for shuffling partial
results amongst other registers.) Instructions like sub and mov are
self explanatory, but lea is a very curious and powerful instruction
that gives some multiregister linear combinations as well as some
additional odd multiplies. The x86's "lea" instruction allows you to
compute:
r0 := r1 * {0,1} + r2 * {0,1,2,4,8}
for any 3 general purpose 32 bit registers, in a single clock.
"sub" (subtract) and "mov" (copy value to/from register) are self
explanatory. So using these instructions, we see that 181 =
4*(5*9)+1 which can be encoded as: b = x*5; b = b*9; return x + b*4;
http://www.azillionmonkeys.com/qed/amult.html
"Pentium Optimal x86 Constant Multiplies"
http://www.azillionmonkeys.com/qed/amultl2.html(235k)
"Integer division and modulus by constants"
http://www.azillionmonkeys.com/qed/adiv.html
"Square Roots"
http://www.azillionmonkeys.com/qed/sqroot.html
Regards,
Mike Monett
The 8008 (I think they call the latest version "Core Duo" or
something) is a grotesque hack that needs all the help it can get. The
68332 has 32x32 -> 64 signed or unsigned multiply and 64/32 divide
with remainder, all in hardware.
Hmmm ... are you aware that these puny "Core Duos" are able to do
64x64->128 signed/unsigned multiply in hardware (in about 4 clocks) as
well as a 128/64 divide?
Hmmm... are you aware that their heatsink is bigger than many of our
entire products?
Are you aware that you are changing the subject in order hide the fact
that you were pointing out a *WEAKNESS* in your favorite 68332 CPU not
a strength? Yeah, those extra thousands of Mhz draws more heat.
[...] Our latest 4-channel digital delay generator uses
about 4 watts total, and the FPGA gets warmer than the CPU.
If you wish to decrease the heat draw from a modern CPU, can decrease
the voltage and under-clock the damn thing. Some embedded versions of
the x86 such as AMD's geode processor (which has capabilities more
similar to the 68332 you were talking about) also have very low heat
draw, while running at several hundred Mhz (I don't know the details,
you can look them up.)
And 16 32-bit registers!
Yes, and these "Core Duos" have 16 64-bit GPRs plus 8 FP stack
registers and 16 128-bit SIMD registers.
Oh yeah, and one other thing -- these "Core Duos" run at 2+ Ghz clock
rate. How fast is that 68332 of yours?
We run at 16 or sometimes 20 MHz.
You might as well be running on an abacus. You could buy a MIPS core
and throw it into an FPGA and run faster than that can't you? Its got
to be pretty close anyways.
[....] And we service up to 10,000
interrupts a second for years, without missing a single one... and
without crashing. I wish my dual-CPU 3 GHz PC could keep up with that!
Take the Windows off that 3 Ghz PC of yours, put VxWorks on it and it
can service *MILLIONS* of interrupts per second with 100% reliability.
--
Paul Hsieh
http://www.pobox.com/~qed/
http://bstring.sf.net/
.
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