Re: How many hydrogen cars on the road in the US today?
- From: Williamknowsbest <William.Mook@xxxxxxxxx>
- Date: 23 May 2007 10:32:59 -0700
On May 17, 1:26 pm, "paramindsoftw...@xxxxxxxxx"
<paramindsoftw...@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
I am wondering if anyone has a rough figure, just a basic estimate.
--
Robert Pearson
ParaMind Brainstorming Softwarehttp://www.paramind.net
Creative Virtue Press/Telical Books/Regenerative Musichttp://www.rspearson.com/
I think they're measured in hundreds at present.
http://www.hydrogenhighway.com/hhstory022.htm
And involve lots of exciting new technology.
But more can be done by focusing on the essentials.
My goal is to have 20% of America's cars hydrogen by 2012 and 80% by
2017 - I will explain how.
First, instead of fuel cells and electric motors, which are cool and
will be developed, eearly adopters only need to replace their fuel
system with a hydrogen supply since hydrogen can burn in a way that
easily supports conventional internal combustion engines.
By merely replacing the fuel system in most cars with a high pressure
hydrogen tank and feeding that hydrogen in a controlled way into a
minimally modified internal combustion engine - hydrogen can be used
with far greater ease and less high-tech development - and at really
low costs..
Check out this tank technology..
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/04_warner_quantum.pdf
About 30 kg per cubic meter can be stored in these things. A kg of
hydrogen contains 142 megajoules of energy. A gallon of gas contains
about 120 megajoules of energy. So, all you need do is replace a 15
gallon tank of gasoline with two 0.21 cubic meter tank of hydrogen and
create an infrastructure to supply hydrogen fuel to it conveniently
and cheaply. At $3 per gallon retail - that translates to .$3.55 per
kg for the hydrogen gas retail to get the same cost of energy. Since
there are at present no road taxes or other fuel taxes applied to
hydrogen, retail prices could be as low as $2.00 per kg - less than
$2.00 per gallon on a heat equivalent basis. The engines running on
this fuel would be just as powerful and have the same characteristics
as gas engines- they're the same engines. But they would produce ZERO
carbon emissions! And fewer nitrous oxides too! .
There are two sources of hydrogen easily available. One is from
natural gas, and its production produces CO2. It is also limited by
natural gas supplies. The other is from solar hydrogen, made from
sunlight and water - and releases oxygen which is used to burn the
hydrogen to make water again. This is the preferred method. If it
can be done cheaply enough.
Much is made of the fact that fuel cells can be efficient and oxygen
and hydrogen can be carried together to create a close cycle system -
but this reduces efficiency increases capital cost and complexity and
isn't needed. Fuel cells have a lot of potential,and will one day
replace internal combustion - but its not needed for hydrogen to
displace oil. This fact is not generally appreciated, likely because
oil companies fund most alternative energy research.
Oxygen makes up 30% of our air, and adding oxygen to the air, only to
be used by regular burning of hydrogen to produce oxygen, is way
better than burning carbon to make CO2.
That's why my company has developed a very low cost solar panel
technology and created an equally low cost (on a per watt basis)
variable load electrolyzer that permits peak power matching by varying
the load the electrolyzer presents to the solar cell array - as
lighting conditions change throughout the day.
The solar panels consist of shaped plastic panels that are joined in a
water bath to create lens like shapes that focus light onto a very
small solar die that sits inside the water in each water lens. That
way the die is kept cool, and the concentrated sunlight keeps the
costs per watt low.
Here's a reference to one of my patent applications on this;
United States Patent Application 20060185713
Kind Code A1
Mook; William J. JR. August 24, 2006
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solar panels with liquid superconcentrators exhibiting wide fields of
view
Abstract
Solar panel system and apparatus wherein the panels are configured
with liquid superconcentrators having outwardly disposed liquid
imaging lenses of wide field of view performing with a sparse array of
discrete multifunction photovoltaic cells which are electrically
interconnected to provide a panel output. The liquid superconsentrator
and associated sparse array of photovoltaic cells are configured in a
row and column matrix and are mounted upon a polymeric back support.
The total cost of solar cell and electro-chemical electrolyzer that
makes use of heat and light to make hydrogen from water is $0.07 per
peak watt. So, in a region like Nevada or New Mexico 1.8 kWh is
produced per year with a capital cost of $0.07 and a recurring cost of
capital (using normal discount rates) of 6 mills per year - the
systems produce electricity at a cost of 1/3 cent per kWh and hydrogen
costs are $0.17 per kg!!
At these prices much can be done.
Here is MY gameplan to get millions of cars on the road and the rest
of America burning hydrogen - and getting all cars on the road to burn
hydrogen eventually;;
(1) Approach large surface mine operators and offer to lower theri
costs of reclamation by using their surface mines - when stripped - as
large integrated solar collector sites. Collect fees for the
reclamation work, and pay premiums to underwriters to assure
reclamation costs are reduced.
(2) Build large solar collector arrays using the ultra-low-cost
solar panel and electrolyzer technologies described above. Pipe
hydrogen gas directly to coal fired power plants using rail road,
existing pipeline, and high tension wire rights of ways.
(3) Build hydrogen fueled boilers in parallel with coal fired
boilers. Each ton of hydrogen burned in this way displaces 6.2 tons
of coal and avoides 26.7 tons of CO2. At a cost of $157 per ton of
hydrogen profit is made as long as coal is valued at more than $24 per
ton.
(4) Take coal in trade for the hydrogen burned at the plants.
Convert the coal by direct hydrogenation to liquid fuels (gasoline,
diesel fuel, jet fuel) This does not involve burning the coal or any
release of CO2. In this way for each ton of hydrogen burned in a coal
fired plant there are 1822 gallons of gasoline made. This means
adding another 1,400 pounds of hydrogen to the coal not burned. This
is done by high pressure hydrogenation (similar to making margarine
out of vegetable oil) At $2 per gallon profit - this means that each
1.7 tons of hydrogen made return $3,644.00 in revenues, and earn
significant profits since total costs are less than $500.00 for this
fuel.
(5) Once the core technology is proven work and a few plants are
installed at remote coal mines (I have two in Indonesia underway) It
made Asian Press but was unreported in US press. With an investment
bank to execute a leveraged buyout and merger of an existing US coal
company and an existing US oil retailer. NOTE: An oil retailer is a
company that sells gas but doesn't have appreciable reserves. This
adversely affects their value since they make only the crack spread -
the price difference between crude and refined fuels - as profits.
This compares to an integrated oil company that has proved reserves
and makes a substantial profit on the sale of those reserves. Compare
XOM's $480 billion market cap and 12 billion barrel reserves to SUN's
$9 billion market cap and no appreciable reserves. Now consider
acquiring a company like Westmoreland Coal and Sunoco along with
500,000 acres of land in Texas, and the application of this technology
- which for another $10 billion will produce the 5 billion gallons of
gasoline Sunoco needs for $0.26 per gallon - Westmoreland's 1.2
billion tons of coal reserves suddenly begin to look a lot like 8.4
billion barrels of DOMESTIC oil reserves to investors - and the newly
created Mok's Energy company (ticker symbol MOX) - with 4,300 stations
in 28 states - rises in value to something like $380 billion market
cap - easily supporting the $24 billion it took to carry off the
acquisitions and technology installations. Market sun-fuel - with 50%
of the energy comes from sunlight directly, and the other 50% that
comes from coal, has been replaced by sunlight..
(6) Using profits expand the network of stations throughout North
America and with it the hydrogen pipelines that supply hydrogen gas to
all stationary generators throughout the country. Expand the
conversion of strip mines to solar collector fields, and add them to
the Natoinal Hydrogen Pipeline. Use spent gas wells to store excess
hydrogen for later withdrawal. Extend the hydrogen supply network to
every home, industry, office in America - replacing or augmenting
existing natural gas supplies at the same cost of natural gas. Use
profits to research alternatives to carbon in smelting processes.
Using hydrogen as a reducing agent - creating iron, silicon and other
metals in new ways.
(7) Use profits to develop a standardized hydrogen fueling system for
all existing late model cars, including improved pump designs to
support hydrogen fueling and get it approved by the DOT. Then, open
up fuel conversion centers at select MOX stations, and extend the
hydrogen network to ALL MOX stations. 20% of all pumps will be
hydrogen. Conversion costs are $5,000 per vehicle, with a guaranteed
price reduction on your insurance. Also, a $5,000 hydrogen fuel
credit will be given to all customers until 20% of vehicles on the
road are hydrogen powered. This credit will allow purchases of
hydrogen gas a 1/2 off the price marked at the pump. Conversion
centers will also maintain the hydrogen cars they create. Working
with Carmax you may even purchase a new vehicle with a hydrogen fueled
engine for $5,000 add-on price under the same terms.
(8) Over time as coal supplies are used less and less, coal lands are
converted to low-cost solar panel sites and added to the hydrogen
infrastructure - so that in time nearly all vehicles have switched
from hydrocarbon to hydrogen.
At present I have negotiated the acquisition of nearly 6 million acres
throughout the US West for use as solar collector sites. The owners
of these sites will collectively save on the order of $15 billion in
reclamation costs. They will still spend $7 billion to reclaim that
land, but costs are substantially less than without the installation
of solar panels. To help defray my costs, $2 billion will flow to my
company. This will be used to help implement the sort of program
outlined above.
NOTE: An Asian Press Release
Sugico MOK to Develop Brown Coal
(Sugico MOK Garap Batu Bara Muda)
Bisnis Indonesia, 16 Aug 2006
Sugico MOK Energy, a joint venture between Sugico Group and MOK
Industries LLC USA plan to develop low rank coal resources to produce
alternative synthetic fuel. The energy development project will be
developed in South Sumatra with an initial investment of US$800
million. Sugico MOK Energy targets to produce 20,000 barrels of
synthetic fuel per day by 2011. It will be gradually be develop in the
years to come so that by 2015, production is expected to reach 700,000
barrels per day. Until now, low rank coal has never been developed.
Based on the Indonesian Coal Mining Association 2004/2005, the amount
of low rank coal in Indonesia is around 15,000 million metric tons.
With the appropriate technology application, every ton of low rank
coal could be converted to produce 5 to 6 barrels of ready to use high
quality synthetic fuel for diesel fuel, jet fuel and gasoline. The
area in South Sumatra has been selected because it contains 11,000
million tons of low rank coal. The company is also open to
opportunities in other areas in Indonesia which support the same
potentials and use the same technology and facilities to optimise
them. The COO and Director of Sugico MOK Energy, Kokos Leo, said that
a feasibility study is underway. The study may take around 48 months,
however efforts are made to reduce the time to 36 months, according to
Vice Director, John Tambingon. Funding for the project will come from
MOK's internal funds and from external funds, however the percentage
is still under discussion. The CEO of Sugico MOK Energy and a MOK
Industries executive, William Mook, added that his company will
process the low rank coal using solar power cell energy technology,
which will cut down investment and production costs.
This was widely reported thoughout Asia, but has been uniformly
ignored in the United States. I was interviewed by two reporters one
from the Wall Street Journal another from the New York Times - and
stories were written, but editors refused to run them. You might want
to read the first chapter of A GAME AS OLD AS EMPIRE for an
explanation. Haha.. I got more press coverage when I invented a golf
ball that changed colors than by this invention. Makes you wonder
about how free the free press really is.
.
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