Re: 12 million acre solar panel array
- From: BradGuth <bradguth@xxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Sun, 17 Jun 2007 15:43:12 -0000
Willie Moo's "12 million acre solar panel array" should more than do
the trick of creating 19 TW worth of clean energy (more than 100% of
what we'll actually need in addition to what we already have going for
us). At such low energy density/m2 is in fact doable, and it's sort
of speak off-the-shelf, even if it's not worth 1% of the 40 kw/m2
footprint of energy density that's otherwise doable as also 100% clean
and renewable, especially if we're planning upon replacing coal, oil
and natural gas with his H2 and unavoidable NOx, without our having to
utilize all 12 million spendy acres.
It's not that mother Earth is in any shortage of solar energy. In
fact, it seems we've got a bit more than our fair share to deal with
that could be diverted into creating the extremely low density worth
of hydrogen.
Well, he's right about the low density of hydrogen. A cubic meter of
oil masses between 862 kg and 788 kg depending on 'weight' - A barrel
is 0.15899 cubic meters. So a ton is between 7.30 and 7.98 barrels
of crude oil - depending on weight of oil.
A cubic meter of liquid hydrogen is 70 kg. - less than 1/10th the
density of oil. Hydrogen has a lot more energy per unit weight about
3.2x as much energy per unit weight - but on a volume basis it
contains only 26% of the energy of oil per cubic meter. That is it
takes 3.85 cubic meters of liquid hydrogen to carry the same energy as
a cubic meter of crude oil.
Coal weighs between 1,350 kg/m3 and 1,500 kg/m3 and has up to 23.5 GJ/
tonne.
Liquified Natural Gas masses 410 kg/m3 and 500 kg/m3 so it can have 21
GJ/tonne
Natural Gas at 1 bar 0.035 GJ/m3
Hydrogen Gas at 6 bar 0.038 GJ/m3
Hydrogen at 340 bar has 15 kg of gas per cubic meter - 2.17 GJ/m3
Hydrogen at 680 bar has 30 kg of gas per cubic meter - 4.34 GJ/m3
Liquid hydrogen as 70 kg of hydrogen per cubic meter - 9.93 GJ/m3
Ammonia masses 681.9 kg per cubic meter - 15.34 GJ/m3
LNG masses 410 kg/m3 to 500 kg/m3 21.00 GJ/m3
Borazane 156 kg per m3 hydrogen 22.12 GJ/m3
Coal contains 1,350 to 1,500 kg per cubic meter 35.25 GJ/m3
Oil contans on average 6.29 bbls per cubic meter 38.37 GJ/m3
Low density of natural gas doesn't seem to bet a killer for statioanry
applications. After all 1,000 cubic feet of natural gas - a volume of
178 barrels - contains only 1/6th the energy of a single barrel of
oil.
So, while much is made of the volumetric energy density of hydrogen as-
a practical matter it doesn't seem to be that big of a problem. And
there are hydrogen carriers like ammonia and borazane that are as easy
to handle as LNG in one case, and coal in the other - and have
reasonable volumetric energy densities.
Your Zion like naysayism pertaining to the excluding and/or banishing
of hydrogen peroxide is noted. Unfortunately, without my 40 kw/m2
footprint of 100% renewable energy to burn off as clean electrons
(sort of speak), there's simply not enough spare/surplus energy on
Earth in order to generate sufficient volumes and/or mass of H2
without taking energy away form other needs that are critical to
sustaining life as we know it.
However, the necessary storage and distribution of LH2, of which
obviously has to at some point become H2, is in fact a very big and
spendy problem that yourself and most others haven't resolved, not
that such couldn't be affordably managed if our collective minds and
best of intentions were honestly put to the task.
But on the other hand, the liquid of H2O2 offers almost none of the
compromises of dealing with pure hydrogen, much less of LH2, as well
as damn little if any chance of h2o2 introducing NOx or even any CO2
when burned entirely by itself because, there's simply no carbon to
behold within the formula of h2o2, that is unless added by the likes
of including c12h26(diesel/kerosene/JP4) in the combustion process,
which still isn't introducing any NOx, and otherwise contributing only
the least amount of relatively clean CO2 per given unit of work.
Not that this energy traumatised world that's going GW postal and
otherwise NOx toxic couldn't otherwise properly utilize a few mega
ship loads of LH2 from China, and otherwise consumed by the tonne(s)
per second, but as for us end-users that are insisting upon being on
the go in our Hummers (even if for no apparent good reason), is why we
need to apply the much better energy density and storage and multi-use
capability of h2o2. The h2o2 yaysay issues far outweighs the naysay,
especially when commercially utilized along with the likes of nasty
coal, as well as most any other carbon based fuel or bio-fuel
alternative, if not best utilized as within the rather impressive
energy density of the h2o2/aluminum battery.
Unlike your narrow minded self that's all H2 or nothing, I'm not the
least bit opposed to creating and properly utilizing H2, although much
like nuclear energy at potentially supplying 10% of our global demands
is perhaps twice the amount we can afford to have as via H2. 5% of
130 TeraWatts = 6.5 TeraWatts, whereas at the all inclusive birth to
grave process of having to create, storing, distributing and the more
complex process of consuming H2 should only represent 12 TeraWatts.
Silly me, I guess that I simply didn't know that we had those 5.5
TeraWatts to spare without incorporating my 40 kw/m2 footprint of 100%
renewable energy that either goes directly onto the grid or is
supplying local needs of electrical energy without any further
conversion losses.
Besides your continual creation of various NOx via the H2+atmosphere
combustion process, by any chance are you and others of your kind
trying to control the past?
Why not a viable compromise; instead of H2+atmosphere we otherwise
burn modified water, as having zero NOx and zero CO2 unless adding
some kind of fluid carbon energy boost?
BTW You supposedly green energy folks that are out to save mother
Earth from the like of humanity simply can not replace one or another
given resource of energy (such as coal, oil, NG or even nuclear) with
yet another form that essentially takes nearly twice the raw energy as
mostly derived from coal, oil and NG in order to create such a
replacement fuel in the first place. However, you can safely divert
the new and improved worth of whatever's renewable and otherwise of
whatever's truly of spare/surplus energy into creating the likes of
LH2 and H2O2.
The last time I'd checked, at least on behalf of us village idiots
within America and of most other nations have no such spare/surplus
energy to beg or otherwise borrow from. As it stands, every KWhr
we've got is insufficient, and only getting worse off. In other
words; taking from Peter to pay Paul isn't exactly a good plan of
action unless Warren Buffet and myself provide the vast bulk of the
100% renewable energy at sufficient levels above the basic needs of
whatever's otherwise consumed by us end-users, that pretty much like
to waste nearly 90% of most everything because we obviously can not
make due.
-
"whoever controls the past, controls the future" / George Orwell
-
Brad Guth
On Jun 12, 7:24 pm, Willie.Moo...@xxxxxxxxx wrote:
ENERGY INDEPENDENCE FOR AMERICA
A twelve million acre solar panel array is proposed stretching 1,951
miles from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean. It is some of the
sunniest lands in the US. It consists of a 10 mile wide swath. Using
16.4 billion panels and generating 8.8 trillion watts when the sun
shines, the system produces 1,000,000 metric tons of hydrogen per day
with a heat value equivalent to 23.2 million barrels of oil.
Hydrogen is generated from water drawn from the Gulf of Mexico, the
RioGrande River, the Gulf of California, and the Pacific Ocean, along
with numerous rivers and streams, and water wells drilled in the
region.
Atmospheric nitrogen is used along with the solar hydrogen to create
5.7 million tons of ammonia and encapsulated hydrazine mix each day.
That ammonia goes to all of America's stationary power plants by
pipeline.
There a portion of the ammonia is decomposed into nitrogen and
hydrogen again, through an autocatalytic reaction sustained by the
decomposition of hydrazine in the line using a special mechanism that
ruptures the encapsulant with standing sound waves..
PORTABLE AND MOBILE POWER FROM THE SUN
A portion of the liquid ammonia and encapsulated hydrazine mix is used
to charge a patented polymeric boron film forming a polymeric borazane
film after reacting with the hydrogen. The hydrazine encapsulated in
the film is imbeded in the porous matrix. This film is rolled into
cannisters and used to power electric vehicles and in other portable
electric applications throughout America.
The film is unrolled through pinch rollers requiring little power,
release the hydrazine which heats the film to 170C. Hydrogen is
released from the film at that temperature as it passes between
electrodes that capture an electric current and form water from
hydrogen and atmospheric oxygen before the film is rolled to a takeup
reel. Water vapor is emitted from the electrodes which operate at
170C.
A 15 kg cannister 20 cm in diameter and 100 cm long produces 102 kWh
of electrical energy on demand in amounts ranging from 100 W to
100,000 W depending on roller speed and have an unlimited shelf life
after the date of manufacture. .
When the film is processed for its hydrogen the spent film is then
rewound into the cannister and then replaced with fresh film. The
spent film is sent to a processing center near the ammonia burning
power plant and it is unwound and cleaned. The spent film is then
heated to over 320C - where the nitrogen is evolved from boron laden
film. The spent film is then cooled and run thorugh a bath of ammonia
and hydrazine where it is chemically recharged for reuse. The
recharged film is then rolled again into a cannister and resold. The
process may be repeated over 10,000 times before the film is no longer
active.
Films range in size from 100 kW down to milliwatts - miniature film
transports that provide power to cell phones, and other portable
electronics reliably for years, and then are cheaply replaced. Smaller
devices may have disposable films which waste boron, but are still
less expensive than any existing form of battery, and have greater
power density and shelf life than any battery.
PERSONAL ENERGY FREEDOM
Eventually MEMs based microchannel chemical technology permits the
development of dispersed solar power systems based on the present
technology just described allowing it to be safely dispersed in a home
energy appliance.
Solar panels in individual homes operate small furnace sized chemical
plants that produce ammonia and hydrazine compounds from air and water
using sunlight. Operating in sealed containers for safety and
reliability.
The ammonia and hydrazine made here are used to recharge borazane
films using the technology just desribed. The furnace sized devices
house six cylinders and can recharge one every other day. 12
additional cylinders may be stored nearby, a total of 18 cylinders
provide a month's supply of energy for an independent home.
The cylinders power homes and vehicles, appliances and equipment.
A typical home would have 24 panels each 8' x 4' covering an area of
768 square feet of ground area - an area 32 feet by 24 feet.
Depending on location up to 81 kWh are produced each day from this
array in North America. This is enough to recharge a cannister just
described, every 2 days.
A single cannister drives an EV over 480 km, and powers a typical home
for more than 4 days.
The average American household in 2000AD drove 26,300 miles. That's
one cannister every 4 days as well - so a cannister produced every 2
days provides sufficient capacity to provide for all energy needs of a
typical American household with 2 automobiles.
.
- References:
- 12 million acre solar panel array
- From: Willie . Mookie
- 12 million acre solar panel array
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