Re: Air-Conditioning Efficiency
- From: Willie.Mookie@xxxxxxxxx
- Date: Sun, 7 Sep 2008 18:11:32 -0700 (PDT)
On Sep 7, 3:33 am, Eeyore <rabbitsfriendsandrelati...@xxxxxxxxxxx>
wrote:
Willie.Moo...@xxxxxxxxx wrote:
Clearly, using powered roadways, like those proposed by Skytran
Bwahahahahahahahahahaaa !
You really do have to break those pills in half and take them as a
divided does.
So you don't know anything about electro-magnetic induction either ?
I know a substantial amount about magnetic flight. Did you need any
instruction?
Add it to the list !
What list?
Graham
I know quite a bit about magnetic flight. Skytran's design is
workable and quite interesting. I have spoken with its founder, a
former researcher at Livermore Labs. Its a version of Inductrack
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductrack
Here is an overview article on magnetic levitation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_levitation
Powered roadways pose a significant threat to automobile and oil
companies. So much so that they organized resources to buy out all
powered roadway systems and replace them with motorized buses and cars
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_City_Lines
If you buy a euro-rail pass in Europe and travel thorughout the
country without automobile, you will see the impact national city
lines had on the USA. A street car travelling from a train station to
every home in a town or city, provides a nearly seamless mode of
transit.
This was all replaced with automobiles and highways in the USA.
Of course street cars of yesteryear used 1900s powered roadway
technology. We can do a damn sight better than that. Inductrack is
one way to go.
Skytran is one of the many companies out there promoting personal
transit systems using maglev tracks.
A solar panel, charging a stationary sodium sulfur battery pack - on a
utility scale - feeding HVDC lines running within a small format
maglev inductrack like that proposed by Skytran - makes a helluva lot
of sense.
Skytran is suitable for greenfield development, and will likely be
dominant in developing and LDCs.
Less efficient but more interesting is a wireless power coupling
through the roadway to a traction motor in an otherwise conventional
wheeled vehicle.
This is more appropriate for America today.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiTricity
Here, sensors in the road detect the presence of a vehicle above, and
turn on transmitters in the road which then send a power pulse to a
vehicle. As teh vehicle moves past, the transmitter is turned off.
The traction motor is eqipped with regenerative braking capability,
and is transmitted back into the roadway.
this makes for a very lightweight powerful vehicle that has unlimited
range with no batteries.
The commercial development of this system is rather simple to
contemplate. First it is sold to a consortium of trucking companies.
These companies then pay to join the consortium. Approval is then
obtained to modify the 47,000 miles of highways in the US installing
power lines and transmitters embedded in the roadways. The cost of
this system is approximately the same as resurfacing the roadways.
$2,000,000 per mile. $94 billion overall.
Losses are actually less than in traditional transmission, since
transmission is veia HVDC line to the transmitters. High voltage DC
at 1 million volts has very little loss over the distances we're
talking about. Embedding them in the roadway provides for a safe and
reliable system.
DC systems are also conducive to connecting to solar panel systems on
a large scale.
Power is purchased from utilities around the country and powers up the
roadway. The cost is $0.04 per kWh for generation and $0.03 per kWh
for transmission (to pay for the roadway improvements and
infrastructure)
So a big rig that gets 7 mpg - travelling at 70 mph - consumes 10
gallons per hour and pays $4 per gallon - $40 per hour.
Each gallon contains 0.12 GJ of energy. So, that's 1.2 GJ per hour.
Now this is the chemical energy in the fuel. The MECHANICAL energy is
about 1/5th this, or 200 MJ. So, we're talking 200 MJ per hour to
pull a load down the road.
That's 67 kW of mechanical energy 89.4 horsepower - which is a lot
less than peak horsepower for a big rig - but typical of one cruising
on a level road at speed.
Anyway, 67 kWh per hour at $0.07 per kWh totals $4.69 per hour at
speed- nealry 1/10th the cost!!! The savings come from two factors;
the first is the efficiency of an electric motor, the second the low
cost of coal relative to gasoline and diesel.
Once the system is in place, users buy hybrid trucks with a power
pickup in the truck, and use gasoline only when they're not on the
highway. Once the system is in place, other hybrid builders will
install pick up units, and these users will also pay $0.07 per kWh -
which will defray the cost of construction. In fact as more users
come on the system, revvenue will be earned by the builders of the
system, and the system will be expanded to every paved road in
America.
At this point a new class of 'town car' comes out - one that dispenses
with the costly and heavy hybrid engine - and runs entirely off of
road power.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Estimated_Average_Annual_Daily_Truck_Traffic_(1998).PNG
The trucking industry earns over $9 trillion per year, and spends
nearly $4 trillion per year on fuels. Reducing that to $0.4 trilion
per year is well worth $0.1 trillion investment.
So, this is an obvious early adopter of this technology. All every
trucking company need do is pay $0.02 of every dollar spent on
gasoline into a fund to convert the interstate highway system to near
field wireless power transmission, and then replace their trucks with
hybrids as they retire their older trucks, and pay the $1,000 or so
per truck when they do purchase them
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel-electric
As mentioned above, personal autos may also be equipped with smaller
pickups for $500 or so, and participate in the savings.
An automobile that gets 30 mpg and cruises at 70 mph consumes 2.3
gallons per hour. That's 0.28 GJ of energy per hour. That's 15.6 kW
of mechanical energy after conversion losses. 20.8 horsepower at
cruise. At $4 per gallon this vehicle is spending $9.20 per hour.
Paying $0.07 per kWh for 15.6 kW that gets reduced to $1.09 per
hour.
Obviously everyone in America when buying a new car, will consider a
hybrid with a power pickup.
The gas engine will only operate outside the system.
As time goes on the system will grow.
Ultimately, the hybrid engine will no longer be needed.
And the capital cost of cars will drop dramatically to about 1/3 their
current cost.
Of course as the cars learn to drive themselves, we will need fewer of
them as mentioned before.
.
- References:
- Re: Air-Conditioning Efficiency
- From: Willie . Mookie
- Re: Air-Conditioning Efficiency
- From: Eeyore
- Re: Air-Conditioning Efficiency
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