Re: Low cost hydrogen today
- From: gdewilde <fototour@xxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Fri, 2 Jan 2009 06:06:56 -0800 (PST)
On Dec 6 2008, 6:58 pm, william.m...@xxxxxxxxx wrote:
http://www.ohiochamber.com/governmental/pdfs/William%20Mook_021308.pdf
Replacing 1.14 billion tons per year of coal at this nation's 1,032
coal fired power plants with 184 million tons of hydrogen gas avoids
the production of 3.56 billion tons of carbon-dioxide and 171 million
tons of ash and other pollutants.
To obtain this much hydrogen requries that 10,296 million megawatt-
hours of DC electricity be applied to 1.65 billion tons of deionized
water.
To produce this much DC electricity requires that 5.72 trillion watts
of ultra-low-cost solar panels be installed along with variable load
electrolyzers on 5,808 square miles of land at a cost of $400
billion.
Taking the 1.14 billion tons of stranded coal and combining it with
another 104 million tons of hydrogen gas creates 7.75 billion barrels
of gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel each year.
This additional hydrogen requires another 3,520 sq miles of solar
collectors and electrolyzers, costing $243 billion and using an
additional 1 billion tons of DI water.
To process the coal into fuel using emissionless process of direct
hydrogenation requires $375 billion of coal processing equipment.
Since hydrogen burners are far smaller than coal burners, and since
hydrogen is already delivered to the revamped coal burning power
pants, the coal handling yards and coal burners at existing coal fired
plants may be used to place these hydrogenation systems to
conveniently produce liquid fuels at each of these plants. This also
allows immediate conversion of these plants to hydrogen without
breaking long-term coal supply contracts.
This program, which costs $1,018 billion, may be completed in less
than 10 years, and allow the US to produce 7.75 billion barrels of
liquid fuels and 200 million tons of asphalt, while reducing US carbon
foot print by half. At $30 per barrel and $180 per ton of asphalt,
this produces $256 billion per year in revenues. At $60 per barrel,
revenues are doubled. At $90 per barrel revenues are tripled. At
$120 per barrel, revenues are quadrupled!!
Money now spent in oil speculation is easily captured to build this
system described at very little cost to the taxpayer. All that is
required is that the Federal government put in place the necessary
regulation to make such construction economically viable and easily
permitted under the law.
Once the system described is in place, hydrogen production is easily
expanded through this system, where each power plant becomes a
distribution point in a national hydrogen distribution grid. Local
gas pipelines may carry a mix of hydrogen and natural gas, to provide
the same heating value while reducing carbon. Gaseous hydrogen
delivered by underground pipeline may be dispensed at home, or at any
gasoline station to support hydrogen powered vehicles
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Hydrogen_7
http://avt.inl.gov/hydrogen.html
http://blog.wired.com/cars/2008/01/cadillac-unveil.html
adapted from today's thermal vehicles.
Natural gas powered peaking plants, are easily converted to hydrogen
gas.
Decreased oil consumption means increased oil exports, and gives US
dominance over the energy pricing of the planet.
The US may also export increasing amounts of hydrogen by super-tanker
shipments of liquid hydrogen, from ever increasing areas of ultra-low-
cost solar collectors.
http://www.enaa.or.jp/WE-NET/ronbun/1996/e1/ishikawa1996.html
Ultimately, the US may dominate the $4 trillion per year market in
primary energy with US coal converted to liquid fuels using solar
hydrogen, and ultimately with solar hydrogen fuel itself.
Total cost is $110 per metric ton. Each metric ton of hydrogen when
burned releases the same amount of heat as;
1 ton hydrogen when burned has same heat value as;
6.2 tons of coal
24.3 barrels of oil
1,100 gallons of gasoline
143 dekatherms of natural gas
Hydrogen burns under the same conditions as all of these fuels. This
means that direct substitution for these fuels is possible with very
little change. At $110 per metric ton for hydrogen this means primary
energy costs are equivalent to;
$17.74 per ton of coal
$4.52 per bbl of oil
$0.10 per gallon of gasoline
$0.77 per dekatherm of natural gas
Double these costs to cover the capital and energetic (exergic) costs
of transmitting, storing and retrieving hydrogen gas.
As the solar/electrolysis/hydrogen technologies develop over time,
these prices may be improved upon.
Clearly, we have the means using this process to use today's energy
trading regime to fund an easy conversion to large-scale use of solar
hydrogen, at a cost that makes solar hydrogen competitive with other
primary producers today.
Sounds awesome.
The patent description is also very hip.
http://www.google.com/patents?id=PER6AAAAEBAJ&dq=7081584
Keep up the good work.
:-)
_______________
http://knol.google.com/k/gaby-de-wilde/water-fueled-car/1yrf1mzjtxzk5/2
.
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