GEO THEMAL HEAT PUMPS can save over 50% on heating costs, Do you have abandoned Oil Wells in your District ?


Dear Congressman:

Do you have abandoned Oil Wells in your District ?

Did you know GEO THEMAL HEAT PUMPS

" can save over 50% on heating costs compared with electric resistance
heating (e.g. electric furnace), and up to 30% on air conditioning
costs, while providing clean, safe comfort year-round. ?"

If Old Dry Oil Wells, some with pre drilled well holes as deep as
1,500 ft below ground surface where the geo thermal tempature is over
100 F, if these predrilled well systems where re-opened and converted
as Geo Thermal Heat Pumps to produce Electricity and or Heat it would
svae Americans millions, billion dollars every year in the US alone.

The cost of coverting an old Oil Well Hole would be minimal, mainly
the equipment, since the main cost would be the hole drilling
expenses. My estimates are that to drill a 600 Ft well costs about
$20,000, therefore, the thousands of abandoned oil wells now have a
Geo Thermal Heat Pump Well value. One 1,500 ft Geo Thermal Heat Pump
Well could produce 1000s of electric power watts every day with
minimal moving parts, for just the cost of Geo Thermal Heat Pump
equipment.

May cosmic magnetic force and God Bless You.

Rev Dan Izzo BA/MS Applied Science
Cryonic Life Insurance Company
Dept of General Resurrection
512 Onongaga Ave, Syracuse,
New York 13207.


Web Site on Geo Thermal Heat :Pumps Below
also ask NASA their opinion since they have done a lot of studies
on Geo Thermal Heat Pumps
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Geothermal Heat Pumps



Installing a geothermal heat pump system can be a smart way to save
energy and money. Unlike other types of heating systems, which convert
fuel to heat, a heat pump is designed to move heat from one place to
another. Even at relatively cold outdoor temperatures, a heat pump is
able to extract heat from outside to heat the home. In the summer the
system reverses the direction of heat movement to cool the home.

In the past, most heat pumps were the air-to-air or air source type.
Air source heat pumps rely on outdoor air for their heat source.
Geothermal heat pumps extract heat from the ground or from water,
either below or on the surface. Because ground and ground water
temperatures are a constant 7? - 13? C (45?-55? F) year-round, this
type of system is much more efficient.

There are two basic types of geothermal systems, open loop and closed
loop. An open loop system uses a conventional well as its heat source.
Water is pumped from the well through the heat pump's heat exchanger,
where heat is extracted and transferred to a refrigerant system. The
heat is then transferred to the air in the home. The water is then
returned to a pond, stream, or second well. Local conditions such as
quantity and quality of available water can affect the use of this
type of system. Local water use and disposal regulations may also
limit the use of open loop systems.



50 degress tempature at this depth
this heat needs compression with a Heat Pump



Closed loop systems circulate a heat transfer fluid (usually a
water/antifreeze solution) through a system of buried or submerged
plastic piping, arranged either horizontally or vertically.
Ground-based horizontal loop systems draw their heat from loops of
piping buried 1.8 to 2.4 metres (six to eight feet) deep in trenches.
The piping for water loop systems is installed below the winter ice
level in pond or lake, or below low tide level in the ocean. Vertical
loop systems use holes bored 45 to 60 metres (150-200 feet) deep with
U-shaped loops of piping. They work the same as horizontal loop
systems, but can be installed in locations where space is limited due
to size, landscaping or other factors.







Another type of geothermal heat pump is called a "Direct Exchange" or
"DX" system. This type of system uses a much shorter loop of piping
buried below ground, through which the refrigerant itself is
circulated, replacing the heat transfer fluid used in other geothermal
systems because the heat is transferred directly between the
refrigerant and the ground, the amount of piping can be drastically
reduced. This type of system is ideal for situations where the amount
of space for the piping loop is very limited.



How the Heat Pump Works

The heat pump operates on the principle that heat can be transferred
by a cycle of alternating vaporization and condensation, the same
cycle used by refrigerators, freezers and air conditioners. When a
liquid vaporizes, heat is absorbed, and when a gas condenses, heat is
released. By alternately pressurizing and depressurizing a liquid with
a very low boiling point (called a refrigerant), the heat pump can
absorb heat from a relatively cool medium and transfer it to a warmer
one.

Even though the ground or water temperature may be a relatively cool
10? C (50? F), the circulating fluid can absorb some heat, and the
vapour compression cycle of the heat pump can transfer it to the
indoor air.

During the summer, the same fluid is circulated through the loop of
piping and the heat pump's heat exchanger, but the heat pump's cycle
is reversed. Instead of absorbing heat from the fluid and transferring
it to the indoor air, it now absorbs heat from the indoor air and
transfers it to the fluid, where it is given off to the ground or
ground water. Because of the constant relatively cool temperature of
the ground or water, the geothermal system is actually more efficient
for cooling than the typical air conditioner, which must reject heat
to hot outdoor air.

The geothermal system is a highly efficient and economical year-round
space conditioning system. It can save over 50% on heating costs
compared with electric resistance heating (e.g. electric furnace), and
up to 30% on air conditioning costs, while providing clean, safe
comfort year-round.

if (DOM && !printver) { document.write(printpage); }

Last Modified: November 4, 2003




Common Questions
Structural Info
Thermostats and Ducts
Air Conditioning
Lighting
Home Heating
Electric Air Source Heat Pumps

Geothermal Heat Pumps

Saving Energy With Heat Pumps

High Efficiency Gas Furnaces

Gas Furnace and Boiler Tune Up

Replacement Gas Boilers

Energy Efficient Gas Fireplaces

Water Heating
Home Appliances







Copyright ? 2004 BC Hydro, All rights reserved.
Legal | Privacy Statement | Contact Us
THE USE OF ABANDONED OIL AND GAS WELLS IN POLAND FOR RECOVERING
GEOTHERMAL HEAT

" Potential users (citizens of Drwinia village) could in thefuture use
about 2.0 MW of heat energy from one geothermaldoublet in this area.
Investment cost in this case would be lessthan about $ 1.0 million
(two wells, 800 m deep). Aftersuccessful testing, this project may
open the way for the useof geothermal resources in other oil and gas
field whereproduction is ending and wells are undergoing "


(relating to GeoThermal Heat Pumps for save 50% on Home Heating Bills:

" The geothermal system is a highly efficient and economical
year-round space conditioning system. It can save over 50% on heating
costs compared with electric resistance heating (e.g. electric
furnace), and up to 30% on air conditioning costs, while providing
clean, safe comfort year-round." . BC Hydro website at bottom of email
)






Antoni P. BarbackiPolish Academy of Science, Mineral and Energy
Economy Research InstituteWybickiego 7, 30-950 Cracow. PolandKey
words: geothermal, oil wells, direct use, PolandABSTRACTOften, in
spite of favorable geological conditions, drillingcosts stop
geothermal developments. On the other hand, manyoil and gas fields are
surrounded by hot waters which mightbe utilised as geothermal
resources .This paper describes therequirements to be met by oil and
gas traps for such purposes,and uses as a model case that of Grobla
field near Cracow.1. INTRODUCTION:The Foreland of the Carpathians in
Poland is rich in lowtemperature geothermal waters, both in Jurassic
limestonesand Cretaceous sandstones .The geothermal activity
ismanifested by thermal waters in boreholes situated betweenBochnia
and Tarn??ities; here the waters occur 1000-2000m below the surface.
In this area small oil and gas fieldsare producing in the presence of
ground water pressure,although some wells have been abandoned due to
waterinvasion. The Grobla field near Cracow city was treated as amodel
case for geothermal utilization with wells which haveto be closed for
this reason. The field was chosen on accountof the geothermal anomaly
existing in this area and because offavorable reservoir conditions.2,
GEOLOGY OF GROBLA FIELDGrobla field was discovered in 1963. The field
is located inthe central part of the Carpathians Foreland about 30km
toNE from Cracow. At present there are 27 producing wells inCenomanian
sandstones (late Cretaceous) and the underlyingMalmian limestones(late
Jurassic). A structural map on top ofthe Cenomanian (Fig.1) does not
depict a closure over thefield area. The hydrocarbons must have
migrated westwardinto the Mezosoic formation and been trapped by
permeabilityfailure related to wedge-out of Cenomanian sandstones
andpinch-out of limestones porosity. Thus the seals include
bothstratigraphic and structural: from the west by loss of
porosity;from north and south sealing by faulting; and from the east
bypressing water contact.Above the permeable deposits of Cenomanian
there is animpermeable sealing sequence of late Cretaceous marl.
Thebottom seal is provided by the substratum rock build-up
bynon-porous Jurassic limestones. The Cenomanian formation isdivided
into two parts : low porosity conglomerates (westernpart) and high
porous sandstones (eastern part) as shown inFig.1.The majority of
production comes from the eastern part of thefield where porosity of
the Cenomanian sandstones rangesfrom 20-30%, whereas the Jurassic
limestones are notproductive. The western part produces mainly from
low-porosity conglomerates. The maximum thickness of theproduction
zones does not exceed 35 m and occurs along itseastern margin (Fig.2).
The Cenomanian sandstones andconglomerates are probably fan deltas,
interdeltaic andshallow marine deposits. The Jurassic limestones
representshallow marine deposits of transitional and coastal zones.The
oil and gas in the Grobla field is believed to have beengenerated from
the under-laying carbonate formation ofCarboniferous and Devonian age.
It is interesting that thewestern part of the field shows
mineralization of less than 2g/land wellhead pressures equal
hydrostatic, whereas in theeastern part mineralization ranges from
20-40g/l and wellheadpressures are from 1.0 MPa to 2.0 MPa. The field
can besubdivided into two separate zones related to facies changefrom
conglomerates to sandstones. After migration andaccumulation of
hydrocarbons this part of the Mesozoic basinmay have undergone
faulting along a line of facies change,causing different conditions
for a second period ofaccumulation. During the years of exploitation
for oil andgas, some wells suffered from brine flooding and
werewithdrawn from production. The oil-water contact is stillmoving to
the west and more wells will have to be closed. Insome, in the eastern
part of the field, artesian outflow of waterranges from 30-50 m3/hr.3.
CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR USING WELLS INOIL & GAS FIELDS.Firstly, the
field owner must be interested in geothermalutilisation of the
abandoned wells.For geothermal purposes the oil & gas field should
have:?Suitable wells for extraction of geothermal heat?Stable
temperature and constant production rate?Suitable conditions for
reinjection of reservoir waters?Potential users of the heat energy
nearbyTo determine the above-mentioned geological conditions(stable
temperature and production) it is necessary todetermine:?Structural
and stratigraphic conditions of the reservoirand the field ( usually
well known at this stage ofproduction)?Exploitation conditions (types
of fluids, waterconditions, run of production, fluctuation of
pressures )?Geothermal parameters (temperature gradient
,reservoirpressure, possibility of production)?Hydrological conditions
(examination and description ofinfiltration zone and outcrop area of
reservoir horizons,direction of fluid migration, fluid chemistry).The
above analyses are important because the inflow ofground water to the
well zone depends on many things,including:?Regional extent of
reservoir horizons (aquifers)3361Proceedings World Geothermal Congress
2000 Kyushu - Tohoku, Japan, May 28 - June 10, 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 2
Barbacki?Character of the traps (possibility of communication
thereservoirs water with external waters)?Distribution of outcrops
(widely exposed and directinfiltration zones)?Uplift of the reservoirs
(to produce artesian conditions)The most favourable case occurs when
there is an aquifer ofregional extent having widely exposed and
uplifted zones ofinfiltration. Well pressure behaviour during
exploitation canprovide a good indication of the steady inflow from
behindtraps.4. RESULTS OF ANALYSIS.?Geological analysis of the Grobla
field have allowed usto establish that generally both reservoir
complexes:Cenomanian sandstones (late Cretaceous) and
Malmianlimestones (late Jurassic) represent a common hydraulicsystem
open from the west (Cracow Jura Upland) and theeast (St.Cross
Mountains). In these uplifted zones theoutcrop area of the reservoir
complexes lie about 300mhigher than in the Grobla field, creating
artesianconditions in several wells.?Dislocations crossing both
complexes permit thecommunication of the accumulated fluids with
deeperzones which is probably an important reason for thegeothermal
anomaly.?Grobla field includes two hydrogeologicaly
separatedstructures :-Western Zone with low-mineralized reservoirwater
(below 2g/l) and with hydrostatic head-wellpressure-Eastern Zone where
groundwater mineralizationexceeds 20g/l and wellhead pressure comes up
2.0 MPa.The boundary of the zones is situated along a facieschange in
Cenomanian deposits: from conglomerates tosandstones (Fig .1) Its deep
nature is probably connectedwith a pre-Cenomanian dislocation renewed
after primarymigration (probably in the Tertiary).?High wellhead
pressures and optimum reservoirparameters in the Eastern Zone indicate
this zone is themost favourable for geothermal purposes in spite
ofhigher mineralization?Temperature of the geothermal fluids in the
Grobla Fieldis about 40 ?C at a depth of 800 m (fig. 3). Utilising
thiswater for heating will require use of heat pumps?The average
self-outflow from a single well is only 30m3/h. It is planned to use a
geothermal doublet inconjunction with pumping to improve this.?5.
CONCLUSIONS.In the year 2000 it is anticipated that four wells will be
closedin the eastern zone of Grobla field which is the partconsidered
to be the most profitable for geothermalinvestments (considerable and
artesian outflows).Potential users (citizens of Drwinia village) could
in thefuture use about 2.0 MW of heat energy from one
geothermaldoublet in this area. Investment cost in this case would be
lessthan about $ 1.0 million (two wells, 800 m deep). Aftersuccessful
testing, this project may open the way for the useof geothermal
resources in other oil and gas field whereproduction is ending and
wells are undergoing flooding.REFERENCESA.P.Barbacki (1994) The
seismic facies analysis of carbonatesequences of Jurassic in the
central part of Foreland ofCarpathians. Nafta-Gaz (Oil and Gas), No.4.
Cracow.A.P.Barbacki (1995) Condition of the Jurassic traps formingin
Carpathian Foredeep. Technika Poszukiwan Geol.(Geosynoptyka i
Geotermia), No1. CracowA.P.Barbacki (1996) The possibilities of
hydrocarbonsprospecting in the Podhale region. Nafta i Gaz(Oil
andGas)No.7. CracowA.P.Barbaki (1997) Geological cross-section through
PodhaleTrough (Southern Poland) - The implication for
geothermics.Przeglad Geologiczny, Vol.45, No.7. WarsawE. Jawor (1970)
Wg bna budowa geologiczna na wsch??dKrakowa. Geologica Polonica,
Vol. 20.3362
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 3
Barbacki3363
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 4
BarbackiO il an d g a sG 3 4W e ll n u m b e rC e n o m a nia nS a nd
sto n e sC o n g lo m e ra te sL a teH (m ,a .s.l)M id d le O xford ia
nC e n o m a nia nL a teJura ssicW a ter co n to u rP re se n tIn itia
lO xfo rd ia nL a teC re ta ce ou sM io ce n eQ u a te rn a yH (m ,a
..s.l)E a rlyC a rb o n ifero u sE a rly+ M id d leO xfo rd ia nL a teO
xfo rd ia nL a teC re ta ce ou sM io ce n eQ u a te rn a ryC e n o m a
nia nConglomeratesS a nd sto n e sWater contourInitialP re se n tC e n
o m a nia nL a teJura ssicM id d le Ju ra ssic3364
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 5
Barbacki3365

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Do Geo-Thermal Heat Pumps save 50% on Home heating bills ?

Yes it is true.

Do you have abandoned Oil Wells in your District ?

Did you know GEO THERMAL HEAT PUMPS

" can save over 50% on heating costs compared with electric resistance
heating (e.g. electric furnace), and up to 30% on air conditioning
costs, while providing clean, safe comfort year-round. ?"

If Old Dry Oil Wells, some with pre drilled well holes as deep as
1,500 ft below ground surface where the geo thermal tempature is over
100 F, if these predrilled well systems where re-opened and converted
as Geo Thermal Heat Pumps to produce Electricity and or Heat it would
svae Americans millions, billion dollars every year in the US alone.

The cost of coverting an old Oil Well Hole would be minimal, mainly
the
equipment, since the main cost would be the hole drilling expenses. My
estimates are that to drill a 600 Ft well costs about $20,000,
therefore, the thousands of abandoned oil wells now have a Geo Thermal
Heat Pump Well value. One 1,500 ft Geo Thermal Heat Pump Well could
produce 1000s of electric power watts every day with minimal moving
parts, for just the cost of Geo Thermal Heat Pump equipment.

May cosmic magnetic force and God Bless You.

Rev Dan Izzo BA/MS Applied Science
Cryonic Life Insurance Company
Dept of General Resurrection
512 Onongaga Ave,
Syracuse, New York 13207.


BELOW IS AN INTERNET WEB SITE ON GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS

----------------------------------------------------------

Geothermal Heat Pumps



Installing a geothermal heat pump system can be a smart way to save
energy and money. Unlike other types of heating systems, which convert
fuel to heat, a heat pump is designed to move heat from one place to
another. Even at relatively cold outdoor temperatures, a heat pump is
able to extract heat from outside to heat the home. In the summer the
system reverses the direction of heat movement to cool the home.

In the past, most heat pumps were the air-to-air or air source type.
Air source heat pumps rely on outdoor air for their heat source.
Geothermal heat pumps extract heat from the ground or from water,
either below or on the surface. Because ground and ground water
temperatures are a constant 7? - 13? C (45?-55? F) year-round, this
type of system is much more efficient.

There are two basic types of geothermal systems, open loop and closed
loop. An open loop system uses a conventional well as its heat source.
Water is pumped from the well through the heat pump's heat exchanger,
where heat is extracted and transferred to a refrigerant system. The
heat is then transferred to the air in the home. The water is then
returned to a pond, stream, or second well. Local conditions such as
quantity and quality of available water can affect the use of this
type of system. Local water use and disposal regulations may also
limit the use of open loop systems.







Closed loop systems circulate a heat transfer fluid (usually a
water/antifreeze solution) through a system of buried or submerged
plastic piping, arranged either horizontally or vertically.
Ground-based horizontal loop systems draw their heat from loops of
piping buried 1.8 to 2.4 metres (six to eight feet) deep in trenches.
The piping for water loop systems is installed below the winter ice
level in pond or lake, or below low tide level in the ocean. Vertical
loop systems use holes bored 45 to 60 metres (150-200 feet) deep with
U-shaped loops of piping. They work the same as horizontal loop
systems, but can be installed in locations where space is limited due
to size, landscaping or other factors.







Another type of geothermal heat pump is called a "Direct Exchange" or
"DX" system. This type of system uses a much shorter loop of piping
buried below ground, through which the refrigerant itself is
circulated, replacing the heat transfer fluid used in other geothermal
systems because the heat is transferred directly between the
refrigerant and the ground, the amount of piping can be drastically
reduced. This type of system is ideal for situations where the amount
of space for the piping loop is very limited.



How the Heat Pump Works

The heat pump operates on the principle that heat can be transferred
by a cycle of alternating vaporization and condensation, the same
cycle used by refrigerators, freezers and air conditioners. When a
liquid vaporizes, heat is absorbed, and when a gas condenses, heat is
released. By alternately pressurizing and depressurizing a liquid with
a very low boiling point (called a refrigerant), the heat pump can
absorb heat from a relatively cool medium and transfer it to a warmer
one.

Even though the ground or water temperature may be a relatively cool
10? C (50? F), the circulating fluid can absorb some heat, and the
vapour compression cycle of the heat pump can transfer it to the
indoor air.

During the summer, the same fluid is circulated through the loop of
piping and the heat pump's heat exchanger, but the heat pump's cycle
is reversed. Instead of absorbing heat from the fluid and transferring
it to the indoor air, it now absorbs heat from the indoor air and
transfers it to the fluid, where it is given off to the ground or
ground water. Because of the constant relatively cool temperature of
the ground or water, the geothermal system is actually more efficient
for cooling than the typical air conditioner, which must reject heat
to hot outdoor air.

The geothermal system is a highly efficient and economical year-round
space conditioning system. It can save over 50% on heating costs
compared with electric resistance heating (e.g. electric furnace), and
up to 30% on air conditioning costs, while providing clean, safe
comfort year-round.

if (DOM && !printver) { document.write(printpage); }

Last Modified: November 4, 2003




Common Questions
Structural Info
Thermostats and Ducts
Air Conditioning
Lighting
Home Heating
Electric Air Source Heat Pumps

Geothermal Heat Pumps

Saving Energy With Heat Pumps

High Efficiency Gas Furnaces

Gas Furnace and Boiler Tune Up

Replacement Gas Boilers

Energy Efficient Gas Fireplaces

Water Heating
Home Appliances







Copyright ? 2004 BC Hydro, All rights reserved.
Legal | Privacy Statement | Contact Us


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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