sonofusion with tensioactive
- From: "Michel Varenne" <m.h.varenne@xxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Sun, 31 Jul 2005 23:26:55 +0200
The current research on sonofusion consists to obtain nuclear fusion in
deuterated liquids. A beam of neutrons generates tiny bubbles in the liquid.
An ultrasound field expands and contracts these bubbles. The nuclear fusion
could occur when the collapse of bubbles is sufficiently fast to generate an
intense shock wave. The last experiment of Rusi Taleyarkhan and his team has
demonstrated in 2004 the emission of neutrons in deuterated acetone.
Some scientific teams reach to reproduce these results. A limit to these
researches is the cost of deuterated liquids:
- heavy water: 900 ? / 1 liter,
- deuterated acetone: 9000 ? / 1 liter.
A mean to limit this cost could be the use of deuterated tensioactive
molecules. It could be molecules like for example CD3-(CD2)n-(deuterated
phenyl)-SO3Na dissolved in normal water. When this sort of solution is
exposed in sonofusion experiment, the neutron beam generates bubbles. These
bubbles grow during the depressive phase of the sonic wave. The tensioactive
molecule that encounters the surface of the bubble remains glued on this
surface by its apolar part. When the compressive phase of sonic wave occurs,
the bubble surface drags the tensioactive molecules. By this way, the
deuterated molecules are concentrated on the top of the shock wave in final
collapse of bubble.
If this scheme works, it could be possible to study nuclear fusion of
deuterium in normal water. The concentration of deuterated tensioactive
molecule could be in order of a millimole per liter. I don't found
deuterated tensioactive molecules in catalogs of chemical producers but this
sort of molecules could be easily synthesized with some commercialised
deuterated molecules.
For example, a deuterated alkyl-phenyl-sulfonate could be created with
deuterated octane and deuterated benzene:
- cost of deuterated octane: 14000 ? / 1 mole,
- cost of deuterated benzene: 230 ? / 1 mole (negligible in regard of the
cost of octane).
If the final yield of the synthesis is 10%, one mole of each deuterated
octane generates 0.1 mole of CD3-(CD2)n-(deuterated phenyl)-SO3Na. The cost
of one mole of the tensioactive could be in order of 140000 ?. So a
millimolar solution of this molecule in water could cost 140 ? per liter.
This cost is:
- 6 time less than the cost of one liter of heavy water,
- 64 time less than the cost of one liter of deuterated acetone.
Despite the high cost of deuterated products and the loss of matter during
the synthesis, the use of deuterated tensioactives in diluted solutions
could reduce greatly the cost of matter used in study of sonofusion.
Beside this economical point of view, the use of tensioactives in sonofusion
could present an interest on proper mechanism of sonofusion. Some studies
have demonstrated the importance of symmetry of bubble to obtain a good
implosion. The tensioactive molecules glued on the bubble surface have
probably an effect on the symmetry of the bubble. If the tensioactives
enhance the spherical form of the bubble, they could increase the
temperature and the pressure in the final collapse.
A further development is possible. The small concentration of tensioactive
limits the amount of matter necessary for sonofusion test. This small amount
of active matter could permit to consider an experiment where 50%
tensioactive are deuterated and 50% are made with tritium. This use of
tritium is very expensive and obliges to protect against its radioactivity,
but permits the assay of sonofusion with the reaction:
D + T => n + He
This reaction is easier and more energetic than the reactions ( D + D ).
.
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