OT: Intelligence In Men And Women Is A Gray And White Matter

From: George (george_at_wtfiswrongwithyou.com)
Date: 01/23/05 

Date: Sun, 23 Jan 2005 04:54:05 GMT

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/01/050121100142.htm

Irvine, Calif. (January 20, 2005) -- While there are essentially no disparities
in general intelligence between the sexes, a UC Irvine study has found
significant differences in brain areas where males and females manifest their
intelligence.

The study shows women having more white matter and men more gray matter related
to intellectual skill, revealing that no single neuroanatomical structure
determines general intelligence and that different types of brain designs are
capable of producing equivalent intellectual performance.

"These findings suggest that human evolution has created two different types of
brains designed for equally intelligent behavior," said Richard Haier, professor
of psychology in the Department of Pediatrics and longtime human intelligence
researcher, who led the study with colleagues at UCI and the University of New
Mexico. "In addition, by pinpointing these gender-based intelligence areas, the
study has the potential to aid research on dementia and other
cognitive-impairment diseases in the brain."

Study results appear on the online version of NeuroImage.

In general, men have approximately 6.5 times the amount of gray matter related
to general intelligence than women, and women have nearly 10 times the amount of
white matter related to intelligence than men. Gray matter represents
information processing centers in the brain, and white matter represents the
networking of - or connections between - these processing centers.

This, according to Rex Jung, a UNM neuropsychologist and co-author of the study,
may help to explain why men tend to excel in tasks requiring more local
processing (like mathematics), while women tend to excel at integrating and
assimilating information from distributed gray-matter regions in the brain, such
as required for language facility. These two very different neurological
pathways and activity centers, however, result in equivalent overall performance
on broad measures of cognitive ability, such as those found on intelligence
tests.

The study also identified regional differences with intelligence. For example,
84 percent of gray-matter regions and 86 percent of white-matter regions
involved with intellectual performance in women were found in the brain's
frontal lobes, compared to 45 percent and zero percent for males, respectively.
The gray matter driving male intellectual performance is distributed throughout
more of the brain.

According to the researchers, this more centralized intelligence processing in
women is consistent with clinical findings that frontal brain injuries can be
more detrimental to cognitive performance in women than men. Studies such as
these, Haier and Jung add, someday may help lead to earlier diagnoses of brain
disorders in males and females, as well as more effective and precise treatment
protocols to address damage to particular regions in the brain.

For this study, UCI and UNM combined their respective neuroimaging technology
and subject pools to study brain morphology with magnetic resonance imaging. MRI
scanning and cognitive testing involved subjects at UCI and UNM. Using a
technique called voxel-based morphometry, Haier and his UCI colleagues converted
these MRI pictures into structural brain "maps" that correlated brain tissue
volume with IQ.

Dr. Michael T. Alkire and Kevin Head of UCI and Ronald A. Yeo of UNM
participated in the study, which was supported in part by the National Institute
of Child Health and Human Development.

About the University of California, Irvine: The University of California, Irvine
is a top-ranked public university dedicated to research, scholarship and
community service. Founded in 1965, UCI is among the fastest-growing University
of California campuses, with more than 24,000 undergraduate and graduate
students and about 1,400 faculty members. The second-largest employer in dynamic
Orange County, UCI contributes an annual economic impact of $3 billion.

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