Re: I need some help from native speakers of Japanese


"Ray" <raymondaliasapollyon@xxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote in message news:1146740213.765280.18280@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

B. Ito wrote:
"Ray" <raymondaliasapollyon@xxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote in message
news:1146738161.055003.137820@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

B. Ito wrote:
> "Ray" <raymondaliasapollyon@xxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote in message
> > Are you referring to the English model I've given, on which I asked > > you
> > to build a corresponding Japanese sentence?
> > If so, "where" indeed can be related to the embedded clause, just like
> > "What do you think that he has eaten?"
> >
> > A cross-clausal movement process has applied.


> > ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
> Really? "A cross-clausal > movement
> process" ?
> This is my first experience. I have to study such English grammar first.


Yes, movement transformations can apply across clausal boundaries.
You might want to read some intro books to syntax in the Chomskyan
tradition if you still have some doubts.


> Does it mean that "Where do you think that he has gone?" is exactly
> same as "Where do you think that he has gone?"

You've typed two identical sentences, so I don't quite get your
question.
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Sorry. This is the most important point.

Does Chomsky say "Where do you think that he has gone?"
has the same meaning as "Where do you think he has gone?" has?

They are identical as far as the propositional meaning is concerned,
despite some possible non-propositional difference between the two. In
both, "where" can be interpreted either with the matrix clause or with
the embedded one.



Or it seems that you want to study any little difference in the nuance
between the two different English sentences translated into Japanese,
doesn't it?

My first question is just a warm-up. I am more interested in the
question I re-formulated in my previous post, the one involving the
"because" clause.

Ray
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OK, I've understood that your post here has been warmed up seemingly by the discussion on your Text sentence 1).

And we will go to the Text 2) as quoted hereunder and will discuss about the "because clause."

2. *Where do you think that he was unhappy because he saw his enemy?

A) In case the "becaulse clause" shows the reason why he was unhappy.

"Teki ni atta kara karewa fukou datta(unga warukatta) nante anata wa
dokode sou omou no desuka?"
(meaning, "You think that he was unhappy because he saw his enemy.
Where do you think so?)

B) In case the "because clause" shows the reason why he thinks so.

"Kare ga tekini atta kara to itte (kare ga) fukou datta to anata wa dokode
sou omou no desuka?"
(meaning, "You think his unhappiness is due to his encounter with his
enemy. Where do you think so?)

In addition, if we take your suggesting "a cross-clausal movement process" into consideration, there are more Japanese translations.

But before that, maybe you need your second warm-up process, don't you?


> Under the "cross-clausal movement process", does the following English
> sentence possible?
>
> "Why do you think that he has gone?"

Yes, it's totally grammatical.
In fact, "why" can be construed not only with the embedded clause but
also with the matrix one. A similar sentence made by H. Lasnik and M.
Saito quoted in An introduction to Government and Binding Theory by
Liliane Haegeman is "why do you think that he left early?" with "why"
originating from the embedded clause.




> Which of the following two meanings does this peculiar English sentence
> have?


> 1) "Tell me why he has gone, if you can."
> 2) "You think he has gone. Tell me the reason why you think so."

> (I'm sure the sentence like "When do you think that he has gone?" would
> logically be nonsense.)


Both interpretations are available.
--------------------------------------------------------
Really? Thank you.


> ------------------------------------------------
> B. Ito
>
> >> >
> >> >> cf. "Where do you think he has gone?"
> >> >> "Anata wa kare ga doko he itta to omoi masuka?"
> >> >> (Tell me where he has gone, if you know it.)
> >
> > Is the sentence you've given grammatically correct and express what I
> > have in mind?
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> As far as I know (or I've studied) English, the corresponding Japanese
> meaning would be correct.
>
> >
> > Ray
> >

.

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