Re: what is etymology? (linguistics and biology)

Imbolc, Beltane, Lughnasadh, Samhain

IAS 1-36 / January 9 till February 13
CED 1-37 / February 14 till March 22
PhON 1-36 / March 23 till April 27
DKO 1-37 / April 28 till June 3
PAS 1-36 / June 4 till July 9
SAI 1-37 / July 10 till August 15
SAP 1-36 / August 16 till September 20
OKD 1-37 / September 21 till October 27
NOPh 1-36 / October 28 till December 2
DEC 1-37 / December 3 till January 8

The dates of our calendar hold for the first cycle
in a long run of either eight or twenty-five cycles.
After eight years, the dates fall back by two days,
after twenty-five years by six days (then either two
or six leap days must be added, and the calendars
readjusted to the shifted lunar phase)..

The summer solstice occurs in the middle of PAS
(Pas 18 / June 21), the winter solstice in the middle
of DEC (Dec 19 / December 21), again in the first
year of eight or twenty-five years.

Four festivals mark the late Magdalenian calendar:

IAS BAL --- healing hot, healing heat, healing achieved
by keeping a patient warm, middle of IAS (January 26),
origin of Imbolc ? (February 1).

BEL TON --- warm sound, warm thunderclap, begin
of the summer half year, when it is getting warmer,
and thunderclaps can he heard again, begin of DKO
(April 28), origin of Beltane ? (May 1)

LIC SAI --- light / luck life, hottest time of the year,
middle of SAI (July 28), origin of Lughnasadh ?
(August 1)

NOPh EN (?) --- snow in (?), begin of the winter half
year, when snow falls and covers the world, begin of
NOPh (October 28), origin of Samhain ? (October 31
November 1)

Samhan is pronounced Sow-en, rather close to snow,
snow in. Lugh was the sun god, a god of light. Beltane
comes from Bel-tinne, fires of the sun god Belenos.
Magdalenian BEL means warm, this word would survive
in the name of the sun god of spring who warms up the air;
tinne means fires, TIN may be a lateral ssociation to TON
for sound, voice, originally thunderclap, TIN may then be
a fire caused by a flash. Imbolc covered the months of
February, March and April, the time from February 1 to
May 1. The main rituals were celebrated on February 1.
Imbolc was associated to the goddess Brigit or Brigid.
If IAS BAL was the origin of Imbolc, then Brigid was in
the origin a healer, a shamaness who healed by keeping
her patients warm, then also the one who helped women
through their labor-pains. More on Brigid next time, when
we shall ponder the permutations of BRI.

Fires are the common element of all the four festivals.
At Beltane, the young people leapt over fires in ditches,
at Lughnasadh heaps of wood were kindled on hilltops,
at Samhain the old fires were extinguished and new
fires lighted from the sacred flame kept by a druid,
while Imbolc was overformed by the Candlemass.
If IAS BAL was the origin of Imbolc, then the aspect
of fire was very prominent also in this cornerstone of
the late Magdalenian calendar, referring to fires that
kept patients warm.

Regards Franz Gnaedinger www.seshat.ch



ALPHA -- a very ancient algorithm for calculating
lunations, perhaps already used by the Middle Stone
Age dwellers of the Blombos cave, 75 000 BP

Lay out syncopic lines of 30 29 30 29 30 29 30 29
30 29 30 ... pebbles, thus you get 30 59 89 118 148
177 207 236 266 295 325 ... pebbles, or as many
days or nights for 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 lunations.

BETA -- Early Magdalenian lunisolar calendar,
Lascaux, 17 000 BP

Combine the above algorithm for calculating lunations
with nine solar periods arranged in a grid of 3 by 3
squares, each square of the oblique cross counting
41 days, each remaining square counting 40 days.
Begin with the central field, go on to the top right field,
and proceed in clockwise direction:

h 41 i 40 b 41

g 40 a 41 c 40

f 41 e 40 d 41

a b c d e f g h i // a b c ... 41 41 40 41 40 41 40 41 40 //
41 41 40 ... A cycle a-i counts 365 days. Eight periods
a-h count 325 days, corresponding to 11 lunations.
Even better: 8 16 24 32 ... solar periods correspond to
11 22 33 44 ... lunations. You can run this calendar for
eight years, then add two leap days, and readjust it to
the slightly changed lunar phase.

GAMMA -- Late Magdalenian lunisolar calendar,
around 13 000 BP (?)

IAS 36, CED 37, PhON 36, DKO 37, PAS 36, SAI 37,
SAP 36, OKD 37, NOPh 36, DEC 37 days, one cycle
counts 365 days. You can run this calendars for eight
years, then add two leap days. Or you can run it for 25
years, thus you get 9125 days, which correspond to
309 lunations. Add 6 leap days and you get 25 solar
years. Two subsequent periods count 73 days and
are called a double period. 17 36 51 89 125 double
periods correspond to 42 89 131 220 309 lunations.

DELTA -- Azilian lunisolar calendar, Goebekli Tepe,
12th millennium BP, spreading from there

A year has 12 months of 30 days each, add 5 or 6 leap
days and you get a solar year of 365 and occisionally
366 days. Count continuous periods of 30 days. 63 such
periods yield 1,890 days and correspond to 63 lunations.

Egyptian variant. An Egyptian month counted 30 days.
The lunar eye of the Horus falcon was destroyed by Seth,
restored by Thoth. The healed lunar eye was called The
Whole One. It consists of six parts to which are attributed
the numerical values 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32 1/64, or simply
'2 '4 '8 '16 '32 '64. Add them, and you obtain 63/64, a little
less than one. Why, then, the name "the whole one"? The
answer is provided by multiplying a month of 30 days by
the series of the Horus eye: 30 days x '2 '4 '8 '16 '32 '64
yield 29 '2 '32 days, or 29 days 12 hours 45 minutes,
not even one minute more than a lunation of 29 days
12 hours 44 minutes 2.9 seconds (modern value from
1989 AD). Hence the name "the whole one" doesn't
mean the moon itself but a period of time, a lunation,
a whole lunation, e.g. from one to the next full moon.

Cretan and Argivian variant. A year is represented by
a flower of eight petals. A week counts nine days, five
weeks are a month of 45 days, eight months yield 360
days, add 5 and occasionally 6 leap days and you get
a solar year of 365 and sometimes 366 days. Count
continuous periods of 45 days. 21 such periods yield
890 days and correspond to 32 lunations.

EPSILON -- Our modern calendar combines the second
or late Magdalenian calendar with the Azilian calendar.
Magdalenian elements are the alternating numbers 30
31 30 ..., and the names September Oktober November
December, the Azilian element are the twelve months.
The numbers given by September Oktober November
December, 7 8 9 10, are wrong in our calendar, for these
are the months number 9 10 11 12, while the words still
hold, especially in the case of November, NOPh being
Magdalenian for snow, snow fall, snow storm, the first
snow of the year usually falling in November, covering
the landscape overnight and giving the world a new
appearance.

I apologize for a mistake in my previous message.
Imbolc occurs not in the middle of the period ced, but
in the middle of the period ias, which gives the name of
the goddess Brigid a new and more complete meaning,
as you shall see in the following messages.




A second Magdalenian lunisolar calendar

The lunisolar calendar in the Lascaux cave led me
to Magdalenian, and Magdalenian, one year later,
leads me toward a second lunisolar calendar: via
NOPh neiphos nives snow Schnee, novus new neu,
novem nine neun, and November, which must have
been the nineth period in an old calendar, when the
first snow gives the world a new appearance ...

IAS a period of 36 days (Jan 9 - Feb 13), deep winter,
coldest time of the year, when many get a fever and
seek healing, hence the name ias for healing, later
replaced by ian for entrance, marking the end of the
old and begin of the new year, double faced Roman
god Janus, whence January

CED a period of 37 days (Feb 14 - Mar 22), spring
equinox by the end of this period, children conceived
in the spring of the previous year are being born now,
Celtic festival Imbolc of the midwive Brigid in the middle
of this period, name ced means to care for

PhON a period of 36 days (Mar 23 - Apr 27), winter
is over, the camp bustles with life, hence the name phon
for voice, sound

DKO a period of 37 days (Apr 28 - Jun 3), Celtic festival
Beltane by the begin of this period, Magdalenian bel for
warm, begin of the summer half year, name dko meaning
the walls and ceiling of a tent or hut, which one can leave
in this period

PAS a period of 36 days (Jun 4 - Jul 9), summer solstice
in the middle of this period (pas 18 / Jun 21), now one
can roam the land, follow rivers, name pas meaning
everywhere, here, south and north, east and west of me,
ancient Greek pas pan for all, every, penta for five,
fifth period of the year

SAI a period of 37 days (Jul 10 - Aug 15), high summer,
hottest time of the year, Celtic festival Lugnasadh in the
middle of this period, name sai meaning life, existence,
origin of Lugnasadh may have been lic sai, light / luck
life, sixth period of the year, Italian sei for six, Latin sex
for six, may remember sexual activities in this hot and
happy time of the year

SAP a period of 36 days (Aug 16 - Sep 20), name sap
meaning everywhere in a wider sense, here, south and
north, east and west, under and above me, seventh
period of the year, Latin septem for seven, September
originaly the 7th period (now month number nine)

OKD a period of 37 days (Sep 21 - Oct 27), fall equinox
by the begin of this period, now one has to look out for
a winter camp, name okd meaning the ground plan of
a tent or a hut, often an octagon (inverse of dko), eighth
period of the year, ancient Greek okta for eight, October
once the 8th period (now month number ten)

NOPh a period of 36 days (Oct 28 - Dec 2, covering
all of our November), begin of the winter half year, when
the first snow falls and gives the world a new appearance
overnight, Celtic festival Samhain by the begin of this
period, name phon meaning snow, snow fall, snow storm
(inverse of phon), ancient Greek neiphos for snow fall, snow
storm, Latin nives (plural) for plenty snow, novus for new
(new appearance of the landscape when covered with snow
- we say brand new, they said snow new), nineth period of
the year, Latin novem for nine, November the time of the first
snow in Switzerland, originally the 9th period of the year
(now month number eleven)

DEC a period of 37 days (Dec 3 - Jan 8), winter solstice
exactly in the middle of this period (dec 19 / dec 21), now
one stays in the winter camp, cramped together in a tent
or hut, so one has to behave, show manners, be decent,
whence the name dec (inverse of ced), tenth period of
the year, Latin decem for ten, December originally the
10th period of the year (now month number twelve)

While the Lascaux calendar may date from the early
Magdalenium, say, 17 000 BP, the second calendar
may date from the late Magdalenium, say, 13 000 BP.
You can run this calendar the same way as the older
one. 8 cycles are 2920 days. Add 2 leap days and
you get 2922 days for 8 years (2921.93759 days)
or 99 lunations (2923.528323 days). Or you can run
it for a quarter of a century. 25 cycles are 9125 days
and correspond to 309 lunations (9124.952038 days).
Add 6 leap days and you get 25 solar or tropical years
(9131.05497 days).

Two subsequent periods count 73 days and may be
called a double period. 17 36 53 89 125 double periods
correspond to 42 89 131 220 309 lunations. 125 double
periods are 25 calendar cycles or 9125 days. Divide
this number of days by the number of the 309 lunations
and you obtain a phantastic value for the tropical month,
not even fourteen seconds longer than the actual lunation
of 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes 2.9 seconds (modern
value from 1989 AD).


.

Relevant Pages

  • Re: what is etymology? (linguistics and biology)
    ... BETA -- Early Magdalenian lunisolar calendar, ... Combine the above algorithm for calculating lunations ... Magdalenian for snow, snow fall, snow storm, the first ... period of the year, ancient Greek okta for eight, October ...
    (sci.lang)
  • Re: what is etymology? (linguistics and biology)
    ... The lunisolar calendar in the Lascaux cave led me ... first snow gives the world a new appearance ... ... period of the year, ancient Greek okta for eight, October ... whose humming reaches hunter A in front of the line. ...
    (sci.lang)
  • Re: what is etymology? (linguistics and biology)
    ... The dates of our calendar hold for the first cycle ... NOPh EN --- snow in, ... Magdalenian BEL means warm, this word would survive ... Combine the above algorithm for calculating lunations ...
    (sci.lang)
  • Re: "par coeur" origin
    ... Happy birthday, Magdalenian. ... The lunisolar calendar in the Lascaux cave made me ... Celestial Falcon, the sun was his one eye, the moon was ... NOPh for snow, snow fall, snow storm, ancient ...
    (sci.lang)
  • Re: "par coeur" origin
    ... Our calendar is Roman in origin. ... Caesar, whose intelligence quotient was slightly higher than ... The oldest Roman calendar was attributed to Romulus. ... ancient Greek neiphos for snow, ...
    (sci.lang)