Re: what is etymology? (linguistics and biology)

Killrating mob of sci.lang: you must be really pissed that my
methods work so well.

My Magdalenian approach also helps in the case of Minos,
Linear A mi-nu-the, Eblaite mu-nu-ti-um. For this morning
I can announce a surprise: the legend of the Minotaur in the
labyrinth of Minos tells about a triumph of early mathematical
astronomy (next message).

On Wednesday I listened to a linguistic program on the radio.
Someone asked about the meaning of the village name Cham.
The explanation given by the speaker was that Cham is in all
probability a Celtic word meaning village, akin to ancient Greek
komae for village, perhaps going back to Indo-European kei or
kai or *kei or *kai (difficult to tell from the voice of a speaker)
for to lie (be placed). That's the best explanation we have so far,
but we don't really know, the speaker said. - Isn't there a KAI in
my Magdalenian word list? Yes: KAI --- to build a good camp ...
If *kei komae Cham works, then also KAI Cham. The village
is built at a beautiful place on lake Zug, with a great view on
the mountains. Already the Mesolithic hunters and gatherers
must have built a camp there. "Well-built camp" would be
a nice name for that presumably very old settlement.




While preparing a glossary of the new Magdalenian words,
part 17, a lunisolar calendar of 30 years at Mallia in Crete

Here again the basic Azilian lunisolar calendar from Goebekli
Tepe, 11 600 - 9 500 BP. A year had 12 months of 30 days
each, plus 5 and occasionally 6 days, while 63 continuous
periods of 30 days yield 1,890 days and equal 64 lunations.

The numbers of this calendar are made up of small factors,
which is the reason why the calendar can be modified in so
many ways. An unsolved problem, however, is the relation
of year and lunation.

This problem may have been solved by an astronomer of
Mallia, east of Knossos, on the northern shore of Crete.

In a corner of the central western court of the palace of Mallia
lies a "kernos," a large round stone resembling a mill stone.
Into the center of the surface had been carved a pair of wide
concentric bowls, while 33 small bowls and one big bowl
adorn the margin. Consider a bowl as a week of 11 days,
three bowls as a month of 33 days, and use the big bowl on
the margin for marking leap days (you may place colored
stones into the bowls). Now you may count years as follows:

year 1 11 months or 33 weeks plus 2 days
year 2 11 months or 33 weeks plus 2 days
year 3 11 months or 33 weeks plus 2 days
year 4 11 months or 33 weeks plus 2 days
year 5 11 months or 33 weeks plus 3 days

5 years are 55 m or 165 w plus 11 d or 1 w

5 years are 166 weeks or 1,826 days

30 years are 10,956 d or 996 w or 332 m

30 years last 10,956 days or 996 continuous weeks or
332 continuous months - 30 years have 330 regular months
plus 66 additional days that are the equivalent of 2 months.

Now let us calculate the number of lunations occurring in
this long period of time. From the Goebekli Tepe calendar
we know that 1,890 days equal 64 lunations. 945 days equal
32 lunations. Multiply these numbers by a factor of 11 and
you obtain

10,395 days for 352 lunations

The oldest algorithm for counting calculations goes like
this: O o O o O ... 30 29 30 29 30 ... days for 1 2 3 4 5 ...
lunations. Calculate 19 lunations this way and you obtain
561 days. So we have

561 days for 19 lunations

Add these numbers to the previous ones, and you obtain

10,956 days for 371 lunations

10,956 days are 30 years in the calendar of Mallia !

We got a very fine practical equation: 30 years are 332
continuous months of thirty-three days or 996 continuous
weeks of eleven days or 10,956 days or 371 lunations.

You can run the lunisolar calendar of Mallia for 30 years.
30 actual years are only 1.266 days longer, while a lunation
obtained via the above equation (10,956 d / 371 l) is even
better than the one provided by the Goebekli Tepe calendar
(1,890 d / 64 l, or 945 d / 32 l), only about 38 seconds per
lunation. And you can handle this long-time calendar with
whole numbers, no need for fractions and other complicated
mathematical tools.

Regards Franz Gnaedinger www.seshat.ch



While preparing a glossary of the new Magdalenian words,
part 16, calculating lunations for sixty years

The earliest lunisolar calendars I reconstructed so far - from
the Lebombo bone in Central Equatorial Africa, 35 000 BP,
and from the Lascaux cave, 17 000 BP - use the same
algorithm for calculating lunations: O o O o O ... 30 29 30 29
30 ... days for 1 2 3 4 5 ... lunations (O representing 30 days,
o representing 29 days).

The Azilian lunisolar calendar from Goebekli Tepe, 11 600
- 9 500 BP, used other numbers. A year had 12 months of
30 days each, plus 5 and occasionally 6 days, while 63
continuous periods of 30 days yield 1,890 days and equal
64 lunations.

"Beer-sheba" means The well of the divine Seven (Cyrus
H. Gordon, in one of the four volumes of Eblaitica, 1987,
1990, 1992, 2002). The week of seven days, as we are
still using it, may have been introduced by the people of
Beersheba, perhaps already by the mysterious people
of Anatolian origin who settled in Safadi 5 500 years ago.
A week of seven days, enumerated in the way we do,
not caring about months and years, allows this version
of the basic calendar. A year has 12 months of 30 days
each, plus 5 and occasionally 6 days, while 135 weeks
of seven days yield 945 days and equal 32 lunations.

For southern Crete in the Middle Minoan and the Argolis
in the Middle Helladic period of time I found another version
of the same calendar, using a week of nine days. A year has
12 periods of 45 days each, plus 5 and occasionally 6 days,
while 21 continuous periods of 45 days, or 105 weeks of
9 days, yield 945 days and equal 32 lunations.

Now let us have a look at these calculations in the light of
the above algorithm O o O o O ... 30 29 30 29 30 ... 30 59
89 118 148 177 207 236 266 295 325 354 384 413 443
472 502 531 561 590 620 649 679 708 738 ... days.
.
The numbers 266, 413, 679 are divisible by 7, while 679
plus 266 equals 945. Of interest for the calendar of Safadi
/ Beersheba: 23 plus 9 lunations are 97 plus 38 weeks of
seven days or 679 plus 266 days, all in all 945 days or
32 lunations, to be counted as follows:

OoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoO OoOoOoOoO

The numbers 207, 531, 738 are divisible by 9, while 738
plus 207 equals 945. Of interest for the calendar of southern
Crete and the Argolis: 25 plus 7 lunations are 82 plus 32
weeks of nine days or 738 plus 207 days, all in all 945 days
or 32 lunations, to be counted as follows:

OoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoO OoOoOoO

Using the above algorithm you can easily count lunations
for long periods of time, the mistke will be less than half
a day in sixty years.




While preparing a glossary of the new Magdalenian words,
part 15, Minos and Asherah

Cyrus H. Gordon identified Linear A mi-nu-te (mi-nu-the)
with a region in Syria known as mu-nu-ti-um in Ebla, mnt
in Ugarit, Minnit in the Bible (Ezekiel 27,17). Walther Hinz
read mi-nu-the on the Linear A tablet Hagia Triada 95 as
wheat from Minnit, a fertile region belonging to (the empire
of) Ebla.

The first syllable mi of mi-nu-the is represented by the head
of a bull, the second one, nu, by the visual pun of a bull-leaper
on his feet - hands - feet, and the third one, the, by a pole and
three horizontal bars in the upper zone, which I understand
as a Tree of Life (see my thread "Linear A tablet Hagia
Triada 95"). The three signs are similar in hierogylphic
Minoan and in Linear B.

If mi in mi-nu-the (Linear A Minoan) and mu in mu-nu-tium
(Eblaite) have a Magdalenian origin, then it was MUC for
bull, as in Mycenae, hypothetical stronghold of the Zeus bull.

The Magdalenian root of nu would have been NUL for the
empty moon, German Leermond -- 3 or 2 days for the empty
moon NUL, 3 days for the young moon, 6 days for the waxing
moon, 9 days for the full moon LUN, 6 days for the waning
moon, 3 days for the old moon (as explained in the message
on the six permutations of LUN in concordance with the signs
of the bulls in the rotunda of Lascaux).

I have no Magdalenian explanation for the / ti but I can rely
on Cyrus H. Gordon who identified Eblaite ti-ni-tum with the
Linear A Minoan fertility goddess ti-ni-ta and the fig tree,
Arabic tinat. A punic version of Tin(n)it given in Greek was
Thinith.

Now we have three elements: a bull, a bull-leaper as the empty
moon, and a Tree of Life, representation of the feritlity goddess.
The bull, in this context, must be Baal as the golden calf, namely
the morning sun, rising from the Tree of Life. Surprising is the
bull-leaper as symbol of the moon, more precisely of the empty
moon. But consider that the empty moon is close to the sun,
occasionally even covering the sun, then causing a partial or
even a total eclipse of the sun. So the ceremonial Minoan
bull-sports must have been a reference to the celestial dance
of sun and moon. Sun and moon pass each other in the phase
of the empty moon, and this was represented by a daring leap
of an acrobat over a bull. The golden calf (Baal as the morning
sun) emerged from the Tree of Life, and as the empty moon is
close to the sun, also the moon must have emerged from the
Tree of Life. You may also consider the Egyptian sky goddess
Nut in the sycomore tree ...

The year of Ebla had 12 months, plus an intercalary period
of time between the old and the new year. This goes along
with the lunisolar calendar of Goebekli Tepe: a year had 12
months of 30 days each, plus 5 and occasionally 6 days, while
63 continuous periods of 30 days yield 1,890 days and equal
64 lunations. Goebekli Tepe lasted from 11 600 - 9 500 BP.
Later on, the same calendar may have been used in Upper
Mesopotamia and Syria. In the wide river plains with a level
horizon it may have been represented by a Tree of Life in
the center of a circle of 12 poles that marked the four cardinal
directions plus the intermittent 30-degree angles, providing
sighting lines for the observation of the rising and setting sun
on the solstices and equinoxes.

This calendar must have been in general use for a long time.
It became the mysterious Asherah sanctuary of a tree and
poles, involving a fertility goddess and all gods, with an altar
of El and then Baal and then Jahveh; it was encoded on the
lid of the ivory box from Safadi near Beersheba, 5 500 BP;
it was the basis for the visions of Solomon and Ezekiel (as
explained in previous messages); and it was the calendar
of the Minoans, who left Syria for Crete - munutium minuthe
Minos - and kept an old ritual of ceremonial bull-leaping.
Rituals such as this may have been what the Jewish prophets
rejected in later times.

In southern Crete of the Middle Minoan period of time, and
in the Argolis of the Middle Helladic period of time, the above
calendar was modified as follows: a year had 8 long months
of 45 days each, plus 5 and occasionally 6 days, represented
by a rosette of 8 petals and a small circle in the center. A week
had 9 days (according to a suggestion in Homer's Odyssey)
and a month had 5 weeks. Count long months continuously.
21 periods of 45 days yield 945 days and equal 32 lunations.

945 days or 32 lunations are 135 shorter weeks of 7 days.
This may have been the week of Beersheba, a place name
that means The well of the divine Seven (Cyrus H. Gordon),
and not seven wells, or well of the oath, which are biblical
folk etymology.


.

Relevant Pages

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  • Re: Thinking outside the box
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  • Re: what is etymology? (linguistics and biology)
    ... Here again the basic Azilian lunisolar calendar from Goebekli ... periods of 30 days yield 1,890 days and equal 64 lunations. ... moon NUL, 3 days for the young moon, 6 days for the waxing ...
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  • Re: what is etymology? (linguistics and biology)
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