Re: what is etymology? (linguistics and biology)

While preparing a glossary of the new Magdalenian words,
part 21, connections between Semitic and Indo-European

Saul Levin, author of the book "Semitic and Indo-European :
The Principal Etymologies : With Observations on Afro-
Asiatic" (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, volume 129,
John Benjamins Amsterdam / Philadelphia 1995), believes
that Indo-European and Semitic are intertwined. His model
case concerns ancient Greek tauron, Latin taurum,
Lithuanian taura, Arabic tawran (sorry for the simplified
notations). This word is either a loan from Semitic into
Indo-European, or vice versa, or descends from a prehistoric
language. I tested the case using my method and found
a permutation group for TOR (close to Spanish and French):

TOR --- noise, commutation as caused by a bull; ancient
Greek thoreo for I make noise, disquiet (...), and the above
words for bull

ROT --- noises a bull makes; ancient Greek rhotheo for
I rustle, make noise, grumble, roar

TRO --- I run; ancient Greek trocha(z)o for I run

ORT --- straight on, as a bull runs; ancient Greek orthos
for straight on (...)

RTO --- the elegant way a bull moves when running;
ancient Greek rytos for streaming, fluently

OTR --- swift, nimble; ancient Greek otraleos and otraeros
for swift, brisk, quick, nimble

Last year I proposed CA LUN for the moon bull, CA for sky,
LUN for moon, the full moon. This year I proposed MUC for
the bull, a word that survives as Mockae in my medieval
dialect, used for something round and massive, animals,
also people, for example the opera singer Luciano Pavarotti
can be called a Mockae.

A further case mentioned by Saul Levin is Hebrew wolod
for child, Russian molod for young, Arabic waladat for
she has born, Latin mollis for soft, tender, Arabic malida
for he / it was soft, tender. - If there was a Magdalenian
root of that word it would have been BOL according to
the following permutation group:

BOL --- a new born child, a toddler; ancient Greek bolos
for cast, throw, German Wurf also means litter, brood,
perhaps also ancient Greek berphos for the young one,
Hebrew wolod for child, Russian molod for young, Arabic
waladat for she has born, Latin mollis for soft, tender,
Arabic malida for he / it was soft, Bolae in my medieval
dialect means something round and soft, used as pet
name for a chubby toddler, min süesse Bolae, my sweet
little round child

LOB --- a new born child sleeping, the deep sleep of
a child; ancient Greek lophaeo for I rest

OBL --- to increase the members of a family, a tribe;
ancient Greek ophello for I increase

LBO --- to anoint a new born child; ancient Greek
lipoo and lipao for I shine of ointment

BLO --- to be born, to arrive; ancient Greek blosko
for I arrive (...)

OLB --- luck, blessing, being happy about the new born
child; ancient Greek olbos for luck, blessing, salvation,
wealth, power (this word says how much children must
have been valued in the Magdalenium)

Regards Franz Gnaedinger www.seshat.ch



While preparing a glossary of the new Magdalenian words,
part 20, a pair of combined measures, proposing a test for
my Minoan hypothesis

Basic calendar: a year has 12 months of 30 days, plus 5
and occasionally 6 days, while 63 continuous periods of
30 days yield 1,890 days and equal 64 lunations. Evidence
in the palace of Knossos: rosettes of 12 petals on the door
frames in the King's Hall and in the Megaron of the Queen,
32 (or 64 / 2) rosettes on the tall frames in the megaron.

Complementary calendar from Mallia: a week has 11 days,
a month 33 days. A year has 11 months or 33 weeks plus
2 days, in every fifth case 3 days. Five years require an
additional week, 30 years two additional months. 30 years
count 332 continuous periods of 33 days, or 996 continuous
periods of 11 days, or 10,956 days, and equal 371 lunations.
Evidence: kernos in the southwestern corner of the central
court of Mallia.

Complementary calendar from Knossos: 9 lunar years are
about 14 periods of 19 days, 9 solar years are 173 periods
of 19 days, 19 solar years are 235 lunar years. Evidence
provided by the fable of Theseus:

9 lunar years "devour" 7 plus 7 periods of 19 days
9 solar years "absorb" 173 periods of 19 days
19 solar years "overcome" 235 lunations

The 7 young women and 7 young men from Megara
symbolize periods of 19 days. Theseus symbolizes 19
solar years. The Minotaur, half bull half man, symbolizes
the short cycle of 9 lunar years and the long cycle of 235
lunations. Minos, who got his laws from Zeus every 9th year,
symbolizes the medium cycle of 9 solar years. The labyrinth
of the Minotaur and palace of Minos symbolize the challenge
of calendaric calculations, while Ariadne's thread and sword
symbolize mathematical intuition and skills required for going
into such a labyrinth ...

Mathematical tools and "equations" needed for the calculation
of these complementary calendars. Count shorter sequences
of lunations as follows: O o O o O o O o O ... 30 29 30 29 30
29 30 29 30 ... days. Use the equation of 32 lunations and 945
days from the basic calendar for longer lunar sequences.
3 years are about 37 lunations, 8 years about 99 lunations;
add them up to 11, 19, 30 years.

Key number of the complementary calendar from Mallia 11,
key number of Knossos 19, their sum 30.

Now define a pair of complementary cubits measuring 11
and 19 small units respectively, say

short cubit 40.7 centimeters, long cubit 70.3 centimeters

If the radius of a circle measures one short cubit, the side
of the inscribed equilateral triangle measures one long cubit;
if the side of an equilateral triangle measures two short cubits,
the height measures one long cubit; and if the edge of a cube
measures one short cubit, the diagonal measures one long
cubit (19 / 11 for the square root of 3 in each case).

Tangent of the morning width of the midsummer sun rising
from a plain: one short / one long cubit (11 / 19). Tangent of
the northern lunar extreme: 5 short / 4 long cubits (55 / 76).

4 long cubits minus 5 short cubits are the golden minor of
5 short cubits (76 - 55, 21 / 55).

If a square measures 11 by 11 short cubits, the diagonals
measure 9 long cubits (171 / 121 for the square root of 2),
and the circumference of the inscribed circle measures
20 long cubits (380 / 121 for pi, a better value than 22 / 7.
Write 6 above 2 and add periodically 22 above 7. Do it 17
times and you get 380 above 121, or 380 / 121; do it 32 times
and you obtain 710 above 226 or 355 / 113 as the best value
provided by this number sequence. I found evidence for the
use of this sequence in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus from
around 1 650 BC, copy of a lost scroll from around 1 850 BC).

If a double square measures 7 by 14 long cubits, the diagonal
measures 27 short cubits (297 / 133 for the square root of 5).

If two sides of a rectangular triangle measure 21 and 28 long
cubits, the third side measures 32 short cubits (352 / 133
for the square root of 7).

Let a hall measure 14 by 20 short cubits, and give it a height
of 5 long cubits. The diagonal will measure 15 long cubits
(pseudo-quadruple 140-220-95 -- 285). Using 40.7 and 70.3
centimeters, the hall measures 569.8 by 814 by 351.5 cm.
The mathematical diagonal measures 1053.954... cm, while
15 long cubits are 1054.5 cm, mistake less than six millimeters
over more than ten meters.

This hall may exist. It may be the Hall of the King, also known
as hall of the double axes, in the New Palace of Knossos, built
in around 1 600 BC on the ruins of the old palace. Relying on
maps by Evans I dare propose a hypothesis that can be tested:
If "Daidalos" combined a pair of complementary cubits that
measured 11 and 19 short units respectively, the Hall of the
King should ideally measure 154 by 220 by 95 small units:

width 14 short cubits or 154 small units

length 20 short cubits or 220 small units

height 5 long cubits or 95 small units




While preparing a glossary of the new Magdalenian words,
part 19, interpreting a fresco from Knossos that shows the
Minoan ceremonail bull-leaping

"Minos" comes from Linear A mi-nu-te (Cyrus H. Gordon)
or mi-nu-the (Walther Hinz), represented by the head of
a bull (mi), the visual pun of a bull-leaper on the feet hands
feet (nu), and a Tree of Life (te or the), identified by Cyrus
H. Gordon with a region of Syria called mu-nu-ti-um in
Eblaite, mnt in Ugaritic, Minnit in the Bible (Ezekiel).

Eblaite -um denotes a nominative. The syllable ti may
refer to the Tree of Life, consider Arabic tinat for fig tree,
and the fertility goddess Tin(n)it, Punic / Greek Thinith,
Linear A Minoan ti-ni-ta. The syllable nu may come from
Magdalenian NUL for the empty moon or new moon, and
the syllable mu from Magdalenian MUC for bull. Together:
Baal as the golden calf, as the young bull, as the morning
sun rising from the Tree of Life, in company of the new
moon ...

The Minoan ceremonial bull-leaping would then, most
surprisingly, refer to the moon passing the sun: the brief
period of time (2 or 3 days) when the moon is invisible,
or glows in a faint brown-red shine owing to light reflected
from the earth (sun - earth - moon - earth).

A beautiful and the most complete illustration of the Minoan
bull-leaping is provided by a fresco from Knossos, kept in
the Heraklion museum. The elegant bull is composed of
curves. His hide is white and golden, suiting the sun. On
the white area are seen golden "flowers" of four petals that
may combine the four cardinal directions with the most basic
calendar: a solar year has 4 periods of 90 days each, plus
5 and occasionally 6 days, while 21 continuous periods of
90 days yield 1,890 days and equal 4 x 4 x 4 or 64 lunations.

The bull is heading to the left side. Also the overlapping
"shingles" of the painted frame point to the left side,
evoking day and night by their regular brightening and
darkening.

Left of the bull stands a small acrobat, white, male, on his
feet, facing the bull. On the back of the bull stands a dark
brown-red acrobat, upside down, on the hands. Left of the
bull stands a tall acrobat, white, female, on her feet, looking
to the left side where the bull runs ... Perfect illustrations of
the astronomical event of the moon passing the sun: waning
moon - small white acrobat; new moon - dark acrobat on
the bull; waxing moon - tall white acrobat.

Everything fits, apart from the direction. The sun moves
in clockwise direction, from left to right. The waning moon
appears on the right side of the sun, the waxing moon on
the left side. In the fresco from Knossos the sides are
reversed. As if the king was given the privilege of a divine
vantage point from the sphere of the fixed stars, as if he
were allowed to observe the celestial spectacle from his
heavenly abode, promised for his next life ... Wouldn't work
with our knowledge of the solar system, but worked fine
with the Minoan model of the cosmos.


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