Re: Two meanings of "with"


Yusuf B Gursey wrote:
aslanski2002@xxxxxxxxx wrote:
Helmut Richter yazdi:
On Sat, 2 Sep 2006, Harlan Messinger wrote:

Does this merger appear outside of the IE family? Is it present in any
languages where accompaniment and instrumentality are represented via
inflection rather than via prepositions?

I know Hungarian only from textbooks, but it looks as if it had the same
merger: the suffix -val/-vel serves for both meanings of "with" (autóval =
by car; barátaimmal = with my friends, with a assimilation of -val to the
preceding m).

--
Helmut Richter

Turkish has the same merge. Suffix -le/-la or its other form ile
(postposition) are used the way it is used in English. "ile" is
actually an adverb derived from ilmek (to tie) which has been tuned
into a suffix (-le/-la). It looks like its instumentality function is a


it's not a true case ending in the written language because it does not
employ the additional -n- after the 3rd person possesive as case
endings do. but in the spoken language this -n- does appear. kapIsIyla

and the extra -y- after vowels is another anomally that marks it off as
a less then full fledged suffix.


"with his door" (standard) vs. kapIsInla (colloquial).


new development because Old Turkish had different suffix for it
(-n/-in).

which survives in limited use.

.

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