Re: what is etymology? (linguistics and biology)

Appendix to the glossary of the new Magdalenian words,
part 41, a test (eleven)

CAP PAC, DIG GID, NAM MAN - does the enforcement
by adding the inverse form also occur in cases of two-
letter words?

AC --- expanse of land with water / CA --- sky

AC CA --- where earth and sky are meeting, hypothetical
original name of Göbekli Tepe (written as a lying H);
Indo-European earth goddess akka (a stammered name
according to Pokorny, a meaningful name in my opinion),
Latin aqua for water, rain implored by sacrificial fires
whose smoke raises from earth to sky, rain falling from
the sky down on the earth, irrigating fields and filling river
beds ...

AD --- toward / DA --- away from

AD DA --- toward and away; possible origin of ata 'father'
in the sense of: the one who goes (toward) and returns
(from) ... Consider that 'going' is also involved in pataer
pater padre father Vater, from PAD 'activity of feet',
and TYR ' to overcome', the father as the one who goes
ahead, paves and leads the way, overcoming obstacles.

PE --- near / EP --- far

EP PE --- far near; may have been the origin of ebb and
flood, German Ebbe und Flut, the weaterline far away
means ebb, the waterline near means flood ...

SA --- downward / AS --- upward

SA AS --- downward upward; may be the origin of Latin
saxum for rock, also stone wall. The original form may
be kept in the village name of Saas in the Valais. Saas
Grund in the valley, Saas Fee on the steep slope of
the Mischabel mountain range: Nadelhorn 4,357 m,
Dom 4,545 m, Täschhorn 4,491 m, Alphubel 4,205 m,
Allalinhorn 4,206 m; Saas Fee 1,790 m, Saas Grund
1,559 m, between the upper and lower Saas "zur hohen
Stiege" (to the high stairway) - you have to descend and
climb between the two villages, downward and upward,
sa as ...

Regards Franz Gnaedinger www.seshat.ch

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Appendix to the glossary of the new Magdalenian words,
part 40, a test (ten)

Carol F. Justus, in: The Arrival of Italic and Germanic
'have' in Late Indo-European (Proceedings of the Tenth
Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference, 1998/9),
transforms the roots *ghab(h)- 'have' and *kabh/p-
'have' into *g(h)ab(h)- and *k(h)ab(h)- with a common
semantic denominator in 'hold'.

My opinion is that both roots had the same Magdalenian
origin in CAP --- to capture, and I find evidence for this
in Lithuanian tur-e-ti '(to) have', a possible derivate of
TYR --- to overcome: in order to have meat one must
first capture and overcome an animal or a group or PAC
of animals (inverse of cap). Magdalenian CAP / early IE
*g(h)ab(h)- and *k(h)ab(h)- / late IE hab- would then be
a case of separation and reunition, picture a river flowing
around an island, first dividing into two waterways, then
coming together again. The separation of CAP into kap
and gab would have occurred before 5 000 BP (beyond
the time horizon of fine tuned phonetical reconstructions).

CAP would have been the root of many more words,
including captain, head of a hunting party, chief captor,
Latin caput German Kopf Haupt English head. Caput
'head' is also present in the counting of the hunted and
captured animals and of the members of the low classes
at Rome: capite censi, so and so many heads of animals
or people. (The ending -t or -d in caput Haupt head may
come from a parallel KOD 'hut' in the sense of a casing
of the mind.)

Combine CAP with inverse PAC and you get CAP PAC
--- to capture a pack of animals, possible origin of Latin
capacitas English capacity. Added inverse forms enforce
a word in more cases:

GID --- give, give and take; give gift get got

DIG --- finger

DIG GID --- to give with one's fingers; Latin digitus
'finger' / dig-gid / digid / di(gi)d / did- / *didH3- 'give'
(Helmut Rix) / *doH3- 'give' (Karl Raust) / ancient
Greek didomi 'I give' ...

MAN --- right hand; Latin manus Italian mano French
main German Hand English hand, pars pro toto for
a man or a woman, as in farm hand

NAM --- worth being remembered

NAM MAN --- someone worth being remembered;
Latin noman German Namen English name

Next time: enforced words of two letters

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Appendix to the glossary of the new Magdalenian words,
part 39, a test (nine)

First a correction of my previous message. The ancient
poplar ointment was made of buds of Populus nigra;
the balmic poplar is an American tree. Poples meant
originally hollow of the knee, back of the knee; poples
'knee' is post classical Latin (says my dictionary at home).
If poples was named for the poplar unguent, this one
might have been applied to and rubbed into the hollow
of the knee, in order to relief an arthritic inflammation,
and applied to the back of the leg in order to relieve
a muscle sore. Dried and ground poplar (and willow)
bark, added to the ointment, could have provided an
analgetic effect (eased pains owing to salicin).

A couple of years ago my brother Steve and I visited
the menhirs of Sion in the Valais, in southwestern
Switzerland, with a southern climate sometimes
reminding of the Provence. Poplars grew there already
in Neolithic times. Several menhirs reminded me of
poplar trunks. Have a look at these photographs taken
by Steve, showing menhirs interspersed with poplars:

www.seshat.ch/home/menhir8f.jpg
www.seshat.ch/home/menhir8g.jpg
www.seshat.ch/home/menhir8h.jpg
www.seshat.ch/home/menhir8i.jpg
www.seshat.ch/home/menhir8j.jpg
www.seshat.ch/home/menhir8k.jpg
www.seshat.ch/home/menhir8l.jpg
www.seshat.ch/home/menhir8m.jpg
www.seshat.ch/home/menhir8n.jpg
www.seshat.ch/home/menhir8o.jpg
www.seshat.ch/home/menhir8p.jpg
www.seshat.ch/home/menhir8q.jpg
www.seshat.ch/home/menhir8r.jpg
www.seshat.ch/home/menhir8s.jpg

The menhirs belonged to a cemetary, so I assumed
the menhirs evoking poplars alluded to the quick growth
of poplars, promising a next life in the beyond. Now
that poplars may have played a role in wattle and daub
walling of the Neolithic I imagine that the poplar menhirs
of Sion also promised plenty of poplar upshots for
building huts and fences in the heavenly abode.

The people of Sion had contacts with Valcamonica.
At least one ancient mountain pass connected the Valais
with the Padovan plain. The dwellers of the Rhone Valley
might have worshipped a similar vegetation god as Fufluns.
POL PLO poplo populus peuple (people), po:plo po:pulus
peuplier (poplar tree), ??? Puphlu Fufluns ... There is
a village by the name of Puplinge east of Geneva ...

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Appendix to the glossary of the new Magdalenian words,
part 38, a test (eight)

Paul B. Harvey, Jr. and Philip H. Baldi, in: _Populus:
A Reevaluation_ (Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual
UCLA Indo-European Conference, 2000/1) discuss
various explanations of populus, then derive the word
from *pel 'to strike, beat' (Pokorny). Thus they can
explain populus in the sense of army, and populo(r)
'lay waste, ravage', while they explain populus in the
sense of people with the same shift from army to
people occurring in several other languages.

However, the root *pel can't shed light on populus
'poplar tree', Fufluns, and poples 'knee'. Considering
my permutation group of POL (published on Dec 11,
2006, here in this thread) I can explain also these words
and meanings. Here are three of the six permutations:

POL --- fortified dwelling; ancient Greek polis for town,
fortified dwelling, German Bollwerk for fortress

LOP --- hedge or wall around a dwelling; ancient Greek
lopos for shell, husk, bark (also envelopper, envelope)

PLO --- walls made in the wattle and daub technique;
ancient Greek plokos for texture, wickerwork, tissue,
fabric

If you can derive poplo populus from *pel, then certainly
also from POL:

POL PLO --- a dwelling of huts and fences made
in the wattle and daub technique, polplo po(l)plo
poplo poplo- populus

1) populus 'army' - those defending such a settlement

2) populo(r) 'lay waste, ravage' - attacking such a
settlement

3) populus 'people' - those inhabiting such a settlement

4) populus 'poplar tree' - referring to poplar used for
uprights in early wattle and daube walling, the tree
in question is Populus nigra, 30 to 35 meters tall,
with many long and straight upshots along the trunk

5) Fufluns - Douglas G. Kilday kindly informed me
that Fufluns is related to populus. Fufluns was the
Etruscan god of plant life, of health and healing,
and of wine. There is a link between Fufluns as
healer and poplar trees: buds of the balmic poplar
were used already in very ancient times for making
a medical ointment, helpful in cases of arthritis
and other infirmities

6) poples 'knee' - the city of Basel in Switzerland
is situated on the Rheinknie, on the knee of the river
Rhine, so I could imagine that early villages of huts
and fences on river bends or knees gave rise to the
word poples. Or, perhaps more convincing, one may
derive poples from a poplar ointment used in a case
of arthritis in the knee

The time horizon of POL PLO po(l)plo poplo 'village
of huts and fences built in the wattle and daub
technique (using poplar for uprights, willow for the
horizontal interweaving)' might have been, say, 8 000
to 5 000 BP. The time honored word would later have
been expanded to more solid stone architecture and
what it involved: defending a town (army), attacking
a town (enemy), inhabiting a town (people).

Next time: a message on the poplar menhirs of Sion
in the Valais (southwestern Switzerland).

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Relevant Pages

  • Re: what is etymology? (linguistics and biology)
    ... Latin caput German Kopf Haupt English head. ... the balmic poplar is an American tree. ... originally hollow of the knee, ... POL PLO poplo populus peuple, ...
    (sci.lang)
  • Re: what is etymology? (linguistics and biology)
    ... the balmic poplar is an American tree. ... originally hollow of the knee, ... At least one ancient mountain pass connected the Valais ... POL PLO poplo populus peuple, ...
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  • Re: what is etymology? (linguistics and biology)
    ... various explanations of populus, then derive the word ... 'poplar tree', Fufluns, and poples 'knee'. ... Achilles: Maenin ... ... PIE root *gneH3- 'to recognize' in the last instance." ...
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  • Re: Etymology of Houbit and haben
    ... This word would then refer to the wood needed ... and for the people inhabiting them (populus 'people'). ... was then filled with clay (wattle and daub). ... 'poplar tree', in reference to the poplar used for the ...
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  • Re: Etymology of Houbit and haben
    ... on thekneeof the river ... rise to poples ... ... 'poplar uprights' would have been known as *porpoluiia: ... into the hollow of the knee and the muscles on the ...
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