how to list all of the real numbers



All the reals between zero and one, that is. There's nothing
new here, but with all the recent talk about Cantor's diagonal
proof revealing the impossibility of making one kind of
list of the reals, this kind of list might bear repeating:

Consider the reals between zero and one in base 2, so
that we can look at all possible endless sequences
of zeros and ones as the binary tree emanating from a
single zero, before the binary point, with all else following
the binary point, and spreading downward like a real tree.

We can make it a perfectly and completely imagined
list of all of these reals by having each node branch to
a zero node on the left and a one node on the right. Thus
each endless path corresponds to a real number, and every
real number is represented by a path. Some of the reals
are represented by more than one path, but that doesn't
matter for our purpose, which is to *explicitly* list all of the
real numbers between zero and one.

As is well known, the number of paths is uncountable,
though the number of nodes is countable.

Thus, amazingly enough, we can list ALL of these reals
at once, to any desired binary place, simply by working
on the tree, from left to right, row below row of nodes,
for a finite number of steps. And we can calculate that
number of steps.

'All at once' is misleading, of course, since multiple
reals occupy the same paths to whatever desired binary
place we choose to stop. But they're all there.

Could there be a more clear and complete and intuitive
way of illustrating, not only the real numbers, but also
an uncountable set? The power of the continuum is
right here before our eyes.

.



Relevant Pages

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