Re: Confirmation of Shannon's Mistake about Perfect Secrecy of One-time-pad

The probability distribution of the plaintext has no relationship at
all to the possible values of the cyphertext or their probabilities.
How can any
observation of the cyphertext provide any information about the
probability distribution of the plaintext?

- William Hughes
iit It is the conditonion that ciphertext as a fixed
value.
The paper has state thaet view



By this phrase "fixed value" that you keep using, do you just mean
that after we've observed the ciphertext we know for sure what it is?

If so, then that is the *WHOLE POINT* of conditional probabilities:
the value of some random variable becomes known (i.e. "fixed"), or is
constrained in some way, and this potentially affects other
probabilities, which then become conditional probabilities. It is not
some subtle effect that someone might have not noticed when applying
the conditional probability formula; it is the very essence of what
the formula is calculating.
-----It is hard to understand, what is whole point.

.

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