Re: Coffee and cholestrol
From: Matti Narkia (mnng1_REMOVE_THIS_at_despammed.com)
Date: 10/09/04
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Date: Sat, 09 Oct 2004 18:35:34 +0300
Sat, 9 Oct 2004 10:54:23 +0000 (UTC) in article
<ck8g0v$h2c$1@scotsman.ed.ac.uk> cam@holyrood.ed.ac.uk (Chris Malcolm)
wrote:
>
>But I'll bet none of these studies bother to control for coffee
>oxidation products, which are high in all methods that take some time
>in preparation, are not good for you (they cause me significant
>gastric distress), and are much higher in filtered coffee than
>properly prepared espresso which has been prepared from grounds which
>themsleves have been properly cared for so they are not oxidised
>before you even start making the coffee.
>
>The espresso method is specifically designed to minimise these
>oxidation products, which occur rapidly at high temperatures in
>solution. Espresso pushes boiling water extremely rapidly through the
>coffee, cools it immediately into a metal container, and then it
>is immediately cooled further to drinking temperature by being put
>into a thick walled ceramic cup or mug.
>
Minimizing the oxidation products may have some beneficial effects, but even
then the cholesterol raising substances cafestol and kahweol still remain in
the coffee, if it's not filtered, and a small amount of them remains even in
filtered coffee. These substances are present already in unprocessed green
coffee beans, and are extracted from ground coffee by hot water. Giving
these substances instead of coffee also raises cholesterol, so does oral
intake of coffee grounds.
References:
Heckers H, Gobel U, Kleppel U.
End of the coffee mystery: diterpene alcohols raise serum low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
J Intern Med. 1994 Feb;235(2):192-3. No abstract available.
PMID: 8308487 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=8308487&dopt=Abstract>
Weusten-Van der Wouw MP, Katan MB, Viani R, Huggett AC, Liardon R, Liardon
R, Lund-Larsen PG, Thelle DS, Ahola I, Aro A.
Identity of the cholesterol-raising factor from boiled coffee and its
effects on liver function enzymes.
J Lipid Res. 1994 Apr;35:721-33.Erratum in: J Lipid Res 1994 Aug;35(8):1510.
PMID: 7911820 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=7911820&dopt=Abstract>
Urgert R, Schulz AG, Katan MB.
Effects of cafestol and kahweol from coffee grounds on serum lipids and
serum liver enzymes in humans.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1995 Jan;61(1):149-54.
PMID: 7825527 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<URL:http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/61/1/149>
van Rooij J, van der Stegen GH, Schoemaker RC, Kroon C, Burggraaf J, Hollaar
L, Vroon TF, Smelt AH, Cohen AF.
A placebo-controlled parallel study of the effect of two types of coffee oil
on serum lipids and transaminases: identification of chemical substances
involved in the cholesterol-raising effect of coffee.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1995 Jun;61(6):1277-83.
PMID: 7762531 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<URL:http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/61/6/1277>
Ranheim T, Halvorsen B, Huggett AC, Blomhoff R, Drevon CA.
Effect of a coffee lipid (cafestol) on regulation of lipid metabolism in
CaCo-2 cells.
J Lipid Res. 1995 Oct;36(10):2079-89.
PMID: 8576635 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<URL:http://www.jlr.org/cgi/content/abstract/36/10/2079>
<URL:http://www.jlr.org/cgi/reprint/36/10/2079>
Urgert R, Katan MB.
The cholesterol-raising factor from coffee beans.
J R Soc Med. 1996 Nov;89(11):618-23. Review.
PMID: 9135590 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<URL:http://www.jrsm.org/cgi/content/abstract/89/11/618>
Urgert R, Katan MB.
The cholesterol-raising factor from coffee beans.
Annu Rev Nutr. 1997;17:305-24. Review.
PMID: 9240930 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<URL:http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146%2Fannurev.nutr.17.1.305?cookieSet=1>
Urgert R, Essed N, van der Weg G, Kosmeijer-Schuil TG, Katan MB.
Separate effects of the coffee diterpenes cafestol and kahweol on serum
lipids and liver aminotransferases.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Feb;65(2):519-24.
PMID: 9022539 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<URL:http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/65/2/519>
Rustan AC, Halvorsen B, Huggett AC, Ranheim T, Drevon CA.
Effect of coffee lipids (cafestol and kahweol) on regulation of cholesterol
metabolism in HepG2 cells.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Oct;17(10):2140-9.
PMID: 9351383 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<URL:http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/17/10/2140>
Post SM, de Wit EC, Princen HM.
Cafestol, the cholesterol-raising factor in boiled coffee, suppresses bile
acid synthesis by downregulation of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase and
sterol 27-hydroxylase in rat hepatocytes.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Nov;17(11):3064-70.
PMID: 9409294 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<URL:http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/17/11/3064>
Halvorsen B, Ranheim T, Nenseter MS, Huggett AC, Drevon CA.
Effect of a coffee lipid (cafestol) on cholesterol metabolism in human skin
fibroblasts.
J Lipid Res. 1998 Apr;39(4):901-12.
PMID: 9555953 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<URL:http://www.jlr.org/cgi/content/full/39/4/901
de Roos B, Caslake MJ, Stalenhoef AF, Bedford D, Demacker PN, Katan MB,
Packard CJ.
The coffee diterpene cafestol increases plasma triacylglycerol by increasing
the production rate of large VLDL apolipoprotein B in healthy normolipidemic
subjects.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Jan;73(1):45-52.
PMID: 11124749 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<URL:http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/73/1/45>
Boekschoten MV, Engberink MF, Katan MB, Schouten EG.
Reproducibility of the serum lipid response to coffee oil in healthy
volunteers.
Nutr J. 2003 Oct 4;2(1):8.
PMID: 14613505 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
<URL:http://www.nutritionj.com/content/2/1/8>
-- Matti Narkia
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