Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- From: "Bill" <xxx@xxxxx>
- Date: Thu, 05 Jan 2006 08:03:59 GMT
Have there been no other drugs where memory loss has been reported. You need
to show that to make your argument. Also statins have probably been
distributed to more people than any other drug over the many years.
BUT MOST OF ALL JUST READ WHAT IT SAYS. What it says is 19 cases have been
found after the fact in Canada since statins have been introduced. That is the
reason for warning - not anything more that you in your perverted way would
like to read into it. The reason for the warning is these 19 cases nothing
more. And it does not say cause and effect does it? It does not say stop
stains does it?
What is the warning? It just says be on the lookout does it not?
What I am pointing out is that is all it says.
And you have not shown anything I said orginally was false. If so, produce it
here.
Bill
"Sharon Hope" <shope@xxxxxxxx> wrote in message
news:ts2dnbjzSb2tICHenZ2dnUVZ_s2dnZ2d@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> Self-evident. All was included.
>
> Your closed mind precludes you from understanding that of ALL prescription
> drugs, these were singled out for warning that memory loss can occur.
> Obviously memory loss is significant or the warning would not have been
> issued.
>
>
> "Bill" <xxx@xxxxx> wrote in message
> news:jc1vf.412$i81.252@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>>
>> "Sharon Hope" <shope@xxxxxxxx> wrote in message
>> news:7tadnWf6gPELEyHeRVn-gA@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>>>
>>> "Bill" <xxx@xxxxx> wrote in message
>>> news:rCIuf.1976$801.326@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>>>> Which in no way differs from what I said:
>>>>
>>>>> What this says is 1. The cardiovascular protective properties of statins
>>>>> are well established. 2. Since statins were introduced (I believe over
>>>>> 10 years ago) there have been 19 cases reported in Canada of suspected
>>>>> memory loss. Note, if statins also worked the other way - improved
>>>>> memory - this would not be reported. 3. You should be aware of this and
>>>>> look out for it.
>>>>>
>>>>> It does not say that any significant problems have been established.
>>>>>
>>>> Or do you disagree?
>>>> "Sharon Hope" <shope@xxxxxxxx> wrote in message
>>>> news:dYKdnZZe2rGXtCbeRVn-tA@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>>>>> What it says is what it says. (That's why I quoted it, so we could all
>>>>> read what it says)
>>>>>
>>>>> What is significant is that Canada has joined Australia in warning their
>>>>> populace of the connection between statins and memory loss/cognitive
>>>>> damage.
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> That is false. They do not say there is a connection.
>>>>
>>>> Bill
>>>
>>> Misrepresenting again, eh Bill, but to what end? (or is this a cutesy way
>>> of claiming the drug agencies are missing an exact word, vs a concept?)
>>> So glad you brought it up, as people should see the EXACT warning content.
>>>
>>
>> There is no such warning. Here is what you said:
>>
>>>>> What is significant is that Canada has joined Australia in warning their
>>>>> populace of the connection between statins and memory loss/cognitive
>>>>> damage
>>
>> They did not say there IS a connection. If you believe they did say that
>> reproduce exactly where they said that. Just quote the part here.
>>
>> What it says is:
>>
>> 1. The cardiovascular protective properties of statins are well
>> established.
>>
>> (Do you have an issue with this.)
>>
>>
>>
>> 2. Since statins were introduced (I believe over 10 years ago) there have
>> been 19 cases reported in Canada of suspected memory loss. Note, if statins
>> also worked the other way - improved memory - this would not be reported.
>>
>> 3. You should be aware of this and look out for it.
>>
>> It does not say that any significant problems have been established.
>>
>>
>> You have already agreed the above is true . So in what way do they say a
>> "connection" has been established. Be precise.
>>
>> You simply read everything to reflect what you already believe.
>>
>> Bill
>>
>>
>>
>>> It is very important that patients be clear that there is a connection
>>> between statins and memory loss. Statins cause memory loss. This is
>>> something about which I am expert, first-hand experience, living with
>>> statin memory loss for EIGHT YEARS.
>>>
>>> ============== Start Quote ==========================
>>>
>>> Australian Adverse Drug Reactions Bulletin
>>> VOLUME 17, NUMBER 3, AUGUST 1998
>>>
>>> DRUGS THAT MAKE YOU FORGET
>>> An elderly man taking allopurinol, diclofenac and gemfibrozil was
>>> prescribed simvastatin to help control his hypercholesterolaemia. After a
>>> couple of weeks he noticed a loss of memory for recent events. This
>>> problem resolved within two weeks of stopping simvastatin and recurred
>>> within a week of restarting the drug. In another report, a middle aged
>>> woman took an indomethacin capsule for back pain and developed amnesia for
>>> the 3 hour period prior to the ingestion of the capsule and for two hours
>>> afterwards. She then recalled that she had experienced a similar effect
>>> (which she did not associate with the drug at the time) two years
>>> previously after she had taken an indomethacin capsule.
>>>
>>> Amnesia or memory impairment in association with drug therapy is a rare
>>> occurrence and of the 73,000 reports received by ADRAC over the past ten
>>> years, this adverse reaction is documented in only 219. There are some
>>> drugs such as the benzodiazepines which are established as a cause of
>>> amnesia which would not normally be the subject of a report to ADRAC
>>> because of the well-known association. Table 2 lists those drugs most
>>> commonly reported to ADRAC in association with this effect over the past
>>> 10 years. The table also lists the reports of amnesia as a percentage of
>>> the total number of reports for each drug. Since amnesia occurs in about
>>> 0.25% of the reports in the database, the reaction might be important for
>>> those drugs in which it occurs at a considerably higher percentage than
>>> 0.25%.
>>>
>>> Table 2 - Reports of Drug-Induced Amnesia*
>>>
>>> Drug: Simvastatin
>>>
>>> Reports of Amnesia: 14
>>>
>>> Percentage of Total Reports for the Drug: 0.8
>>>
>>> ============== End Quote ==========================
>>>
>>> (Text is notoriously bad at approximating tables - the actual table lists
>>> 8 drugs. Simvastatin is the drug of interest for this thread.)
>>>
>>> Did you see that Bill? The percentage of amnesia is CONSIDERABLY HIGHER.
>>> 320% HIGHER
>>>
>>> Most people conclude there is a 'connection' when they read "Amnesia or
>>> memory impairment IN ASSOCIATION WITH drug therapy." The Australian drug
>>> agency WARNS about this.
>>>
>>> Now, how about the Canadians?
>>> ============== Start Quote ==========================
>>>
>>> Canadian Adverse Reaction Newsletter
>>>
>>> Volume 15 . Issue 4 . October 2005
>>>
>>> Health Products and Food Branch
>>>
>>> Marketed Health Products Directorate
>>>
>>> Statins and memory loss
>>>
>>> The role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, in cardiovascular
>>>
>>> protection is well established. However, evidence in the current
>>> literature is
>>>
>>> conflicting as to the effect of statins on cognitive function.1 It has
>>> been
>>>
>>> postulated that statins may prevent dementia of the Alzheimer's type
>>> through
>>>
>>> inhibition of ?-amyloid formation and thus decreased production of
>>>
>>> neurofibrillary tangles and plaques.2 Other studies have suggested that
>>> statins
>>>
>>> can contribute to memory loss.1-4 The proposed mechanism relates to
>>>
>>> cholesterol's essential role in myelin production. Statins, especially the
>>> more
>>>
>>> lipophilic ones (e.g., atorvastatin and simvastatin), may cross the
>>> blood-brain
>>>
>>> barrier and decrease the amount of central nervous system (CNS)
>>> cholesterol
>>>
>>> necessary for the formation of myelin.2,3 Inadequate myelin production may
>>>
>>> result in demyelination of nerve fibres in the CNS and thus lead to memory
>>>
>>> loss.2 Memory impairment is listed in the product monograph for
>>> Pravachol.5
>>>
>>> From the date of marketing of statins in Canada to May 31, 2005, Health
>>>
>>> Canada received 19 reports of amnesia suspected of being associated with
>>>
>>> these drugs (Table 1). The onset was reported to occur within 1 month
>>> after
>>>
>>> starting statin therapy in 5 cases, within 1 year in 7 cases and after 1
>>> year in 3
>>>
>>> cases. Four cases did not report an onset date. Eleven reports described
>>> that
>>>
>>> the amnesia resolved or improved when the drug was discontinued or the
>>>
>>> dose reduced, and one of them also described a positive rechallenge. Other
>>>
>>> reports did not provide this information.
>>>
>>> Given these findings, changes in cognitive status temporally associated
>>> with
>>>
>>> statin therapy should be monitored.2
>>>
>>> Michel Trottier, BScPhm, RPEBC, RPh, Health Canada
>>>
>>> References
>>>
>>> 1. Wagstaff LR, Mitton MW, Arvik BM, Doraiswamy PM. Statin-associated
>>> memory loss: analysis of
>>>
>>> 60 case reports and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy
>>> 2003;23(7):871-80.
>>>
>>> 2. King DS, Wilburn AJ, Wofford MR, Harrell TK, Lindley BJ, Jones DW.
>>> Cognitive impairment
>>>
>>> associated with atorvastatin and simvastatin. Pharmacotherapy
>>> 2003;23(12):1663-7.
>>>
>>> 3. Orsi A, Sherman O, Woldeselassie Z. Simvastatin-associated memory loss.
>>> Pharmacotherapy
>>>
>>> 2001;21(6):767-9.
>>>
>>> 4. Muldoon MF, Ryan CM, Sereika SM, Flory JD, Manuck SB. Randomized trial
>>> of the effects of
>>>
>>> simvastatin on cognitive functioning in hypercholesterolemic adults. Am J
>>> Med 2004;117
>>>
>>> (11):823-9.
>>>
>>> 5. Pravachol (pravastatin) [product monograph]. Montréal: Bristol-Myers
>>> Squibb Canada; 2005.
>>>
>>> Pms-Chloral Hydrate and pms-Potassium Chloride:
>>>
>>> medication incident
>>>
>>> In 2004, Health Canada received a report of an adverse reaction involving
>>> a
>>>
>>> medication incident related to look-alike product labelling and packaging.
>>> An
>>>
>>> 80-year-old man was prescribed potassium chloride. When the prescription
>>>
>>> was refilled, pms-Chloral Hydrate 100 mg/mL syrup was dispensed in place
>>> of
>>>
>>> Table 1: Reports submitted to Health Canada of amnesia* suspected of
>>>
>>> being associated with statins from date marketed in Canada to May 31,
>>>
>>> 2005?
>>>
>>> Variable Atorvastatin Cerivastatin Fluvastatin Lovastatin Pravastatin
>>> Rosuvastatin Simvastatin
>>>
>>> Date
>>>
>>> marketed
>>>
>>> 1997 1998? 1994 1988 1990 2003 1990
>>>
>>> Total no. of
>>>
>>> AR reports
>>>
>>> with amnesia
>>>
>>> 8 1 0 2 0 4 4
>>>
>>> Positive
>>>
>>> dechallenge§
>>>
>>> 4 1 - 2 - 2 1
>>>
>>> Median age
>>>
>>> (and range)
>>>
>>> of patients,
>>>
>>> yr
>>>
>>> 70 (50-78)¶ NR - 61 (41-
>>>
>>> 81)
>>>
>>> - 57 (51-69) 67 (65-81)¶
>>>
>>> Note: AR = adverse reaction, NR = not reported.
>>>
>>> *Includes forgetfulness, memory disturbance, memory impairment and memory
>>> loss according to the
>>>
>>> World Health Organization Adverse Reaction Terminology (WHOART).
>>>
>>> ?These data cannot be used to determine the incidence of ARs or to make
>>> quantitative drug
>>>
>>> safety comparisons between the products because ARs are underreported and
>>> neither patient
>>>
>>> exposure nor the amount of time the drug was on the market has been taken
>>> into consideration.
>>>
>>>?Cerivastatin withdrawn from the market in 2001.
>>>
>>> §Response to withdrawal of the drug.
>>>
>>> ¶Age unknown in 1 case.
>>>
>>>
>>> ============== End Quote ==========================
>>>
>>> Got that Bill?
>>>
>>> "Given these findings, changes in cognitive status temporally associated
>>> with
>>> statin therapy should be monitored"
>>>
>>>
>>> Oh, by the way, check the dictionary:
>>>
>>> http://www.thefreedictionary.com/connection
>>>
>>> connection
>>>
>>> con-nec-tion
>>> noun
>>> 3. An association or relationship
>>>
>>>
>>> BOTH AUSTRALIAN AND THE CANADIAN DRUG AUTHORITIES OFFICIALLY WARNED THAT
>>> THERE IS A CONNECTION BETWEEN STATIN DRUGS AND MEMORY LOSS.
>>>
>>> A connection.
>>>
>>> A connection between statins and memory loss.
>>>
>>> Read it. Let it seep past the huge block wall of denial you have built
>>> and attempt to create in others.
>>>
>>> Statins cause memory loss. I see it every day - I have been living with
>>> it for EIGHT YEARS - there is no doubt, no debate. Statins cause memory
>>> loss.
>>>
>>> There is a connection.
>>>
>>> There is an association.
>>>
>>> It is so well-established that it has been specifically warned about by
>>> two different countries' drug agencies.
>>>
>>> Statins cause memory loss.
>>>
>>>>
>>>>> You should be aware that no other drugs were warned about in this issue
>>>>> in regards to causing memory loss in patients. Just in case you did not
>>>>> look out for it.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> "Bill" <xxx@xxxxx> wrote in message
>>>>> news:sPouf.4774$4o7.4042@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>>>>>> What this says is 1. The cardiovascular protective properties of
>>>>>> statins are well established. 2. Since statins were introduced (I
>>>>>> believe over 10 years ago) there have been 19 cases reported in Canada
>>>>>> of suspected memory loss. Note, if statins also worked the other way -
>>>>>> improved memory - this would not be reported. 3. You should be aware of
>>>>>> this and look out for it.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> It does not say that any significant problems have been established.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Bill
>>>>>>
>>>>>> "Sharon Hope" <shope@xxxxxxxx> wrote in message
>>>>>> news:udWdnZp5IddyYyTenZ2dnUVZ_s-dnZ2d@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>>>>>>> "Inadequate myelin production may result in demyelination of nerve
>>>>>>> fibres in the CNS and thus lead to memory loss"
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Add this to the referenced documents:
>>>>>>> Canadian Adverse Reaction Newsletter
>>>>>>> Volume 15 . Issue 4 . October 2005
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "Statins and memory loss
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, in
>>>>>>> cardiovascular protection is well established. However, evidence in
>>>>>>> the current literature is conflicting as to the effect of statins on
>>>>>>> cognitive function.1 It has been postulated that statins may prevent
>>>>>>> dementia of the Alzheimer's type through inhibition of ?-amyloid
>>>>>>> formation and thus decreased production of neurofibrillary tangles and
>>>>>>> plaques.2 Other studies have suggested that statins can contribute to
>>>>>>> memory loss.1-4 The proposed mechanism relates to cholesterol's
>>>>>>> essential role in myelin production. Statins, especially the more
>>>>>>> lipophilic ones (e.g., atorvastatin and simvastatin), may cross the
>>>>>>> blood-brain barrier and decrease the amount of central nervous system
>>>>>>> (CNS) cholesterol necessary for the formation of myelin.2,3 Inadequate
>>>>>>> myelin production may result in demyelination of nerve fibres in the
>>>>>>> CNS and thus lead to memory loss.2 Memory impairment is listed in the
>>>>>>> product monograph for Pravachol.5
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> From the date of marketing of statins in Canada to May 31, 2005,
>>>>>>> Health Canada received 19 reports of amnesia suspected of being
>>>>>>> associated with these drugs (Table 1). The onset was reported to occur
>>>>>>> within 1 month after starting statin therapy in 5 cases, within 1 year
>>>>>>> in 7 cases and after 1 year in 3 cases. Four cases did not report an
>>>>>>> onset date. Eleven reports described that the amnesia resolved or
>>>>>>> improved when the drug was discontinued or the dose reduced, and one
>>>>>>> of them also described a positive rechallenge. Other reports did not
>>>>>>> provide this information.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Given these findings, changes in cognitive status temporally
>>>>>>> associated with statin therapy should be monitored.2
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Michel Trottier, BScPhm, RPEBC, RPh, Health Canada
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> References
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> 1.. Wagstaff LR, Mitton MW, Arvik BM, Doraiswamy PM.
>>>>>>> Statin-associated memory loss: analysis of 60 case reports and review
>>>>>>> of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 2003;23(7):871-80.
>>>>>>> 2.. King DS, Wilburn AJ, Wofford MR, Harrell TK, Lindley BJ, Jones
>>>>>>> DW. Cognitive impairment associated with atorvastatin and simvastatin.
>>>>>>> Pharmacotherapy 2003;23(12):1663-7.
>>>>>>> 3.. Orsi A, Sherman O, Woldeselassie Z. Simvastatin-associated memory
>>>>>>> loss. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21(6):767-9.
>>>>>>> 4.. Muldoon MF, Ryan CM, Sereika SM, Flory JD, Manuck SB. Randomized
>>>>>>> trial of the effects of simvastatin on cognitive functioning in
>>>>>>> hypercholesterolemic adults. Am J Med 2004;117(11):823-9.
>>>>>>> 5.. Pravachol (pravastatin) [product monograph]. Montréal:
>>>>>>> Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada; 2005.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Table 1: Reports submitted to Health Canada of amnesia* suspected
>>>>>>> of being associated with statins from date marketed in Canada to May
>>>>>>> 31, 2005?
>>>>>>> Variable Atorvastatin Cerivastatin Fluvastatin Lovastatin
>>>>>>> Pravastatin Rosuvastatin Simvastatin
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> --------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Date marketed 1997 1998? 1994 1988 1990 2003 1990
>>>>>>> Total no. of AR reports with amnesia 8 1 0 2 0 4 4
>>>>>>> Positive dechallenge§ 4 1 - 2 - 2 1
>>>>>>> Median age (and range) of patients, yr 70 (50-78)¶ NR - 61
>>>>>>> (41-81) - 57 (51-69) 67 (65-81)¶
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Note: AR = adverse reaction, NR = not reported.
>>>>>>> *Includes forgetfulness, memory disturbance, memory impairment
>>>>>>> and memory loss according to the World Health Organization Adverse
>>>>>>> Reaction Terminology (WHOART).
>>>>>>> ?These data cannot be used to determine the incidence of ARs or
>>>>>>> to make quantitative drug safety comparisons between the products
>>>>>>> because ARs are underreported and neither patient exposure nor the
>>>>>>> amount of time the drug was on the market has been taken into
>>>>>>> consideration.
>>>>>>> ?Cerivastatin withdrawn from the market in 2001.
>>>>>>> §Response to withdrawal of the drug.
>>>>>>> ¶Age unknown in 1 case.
>>>>>>> "
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/medeff/bulletin/carn-bcei_v15n4_e.html#2
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "Sharon Hope" <shope@xxxxxxxx> wrote in message
>>>>>>> news:WZOdnbBeTM--ZyTenZ2dnUVZ_sWdnZ2d@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>>>>>>>> This article is not to be read in isolation.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> A priori we know
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 1) Muldoon, et al, have shown repeatedly that statins cause loss of
>>>>>>>> cognitive ability and stagnation of cognitive ability after only 6
>>>>>>>> months. This has been shown consistently to be the outcome in the
>>>>>>>> gold-standard placebo-controlled trials with different statins and
>>>>>>>> with statins at different dosages.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 2) Several sources, including those sited in The Great Cholesterol
>>>>>>>> Myth by Dr Malcolm Kendrick, low fat diets contribute to higher
>>>>>>>> cholesterol (inverse of the expected high fat diet) Link:
>>>>>>>> http://www.spiked-online.com/Printable/0000000CAE78.htm
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 3) All "statins as the anti-Alzheimer's" trials to date have failed
>>>>>>>> to show any benefit against Alzheimer's.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 4) Additional studies show statins cause memory loss and cognitive
>>>>>>>> damage (see links from FAQ on Statin Adverse Effects, below).
>>>>>>>> Further, see links from FAQ on Statin induced Amnesia.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 5) Additional studies show statins cause neuropathy - both peripheral
>>>>>>>> neuropathy and polyneuropathy (see links from FAQ on Statin Adverse
>>>>>>>> Effects, below). These symptoms are consistent with demyelinating
>>>>>>>> neuropathic conditions.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Now add the story quoted, which includes:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "Myelin has a very high cholesterol content. As it builds up,
>>>>>>>> cholesterol
>>>>>>>> levels in the brain increase and eventually promote the production of
>>>>>>>> a
>>>>>>>> toxin that attacks the myelin."
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Note that the breakdown of myelin BY A TOXIN THAT ATTACKS THE MYELIN.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> In the article, that is purportedly a natural reaction of the body to
>>>>>>>> too much cholesterol (which we now know can be enhanced by low fat
>>>>>>>> dieting).
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> However, STATINS AR KNOWN TO BE TOXIC TO THE MYELIN. STATINS ARE
>>>>>>>> KNOWN TO BE DEMYELINATING.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Thus, demyelination is the problem. One pathway to demylenation may
>>>>>>>> be toxicly high levels of cholesterol (note, "SERUM CHOLESTEROL" is
>>>>>>>> not mentioned).
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> The other pathway to memory loss is DEMYELINATION BY STATINS, TOXIC
>>>>>>>> TO THE MYELIN SHEATH.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Simple logical conclusion. The article quoted does not exist in a
>>>>>>>> vaccuum.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Thus, it is clear that one pathway for memory loss is statin adverse
>>>>>>>> effects, not only by multiple studies, but also by the obvious logic:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Myelin sheath = cholesterol
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Breakdown of myelin sheath = memory loss
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Statins = removal of cholesterol & breakdown of myelin sheath
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Statins = memory loss
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> This in no way conflicts with the article's observation that other
>>>>>>>> toxins that can destroy the myelin sheath can also cause Alzheimer's.
>>>>>>>> It simply shows a pathway whereby statin toxicity to myelin sheathing
>>>>>>>> can cause memory loss - which has already been demonstrated in
>>>>>>>> published studies. It also shows a reason why statins do NOT prevent
>>>>>>>> Alzheimer's.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> From the wife of a man still in his 50's who is hitting his 4th
>>>>>>>> anniversary
>>>>>>>> off Lipitor (on for 4 years at 10 mg/day) who still has massive
>>>>>>>> disabling
>>>>>>>> memory loss directly due to Lipitor adverse effects, with all other
>>>>>>>> possible
>>>>>>>> causes ruled out. Memory improving, from below 1 percentile to
>>>>>>>> 'impaired'
>>>>>>>> levels, still disabled.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Here are the referenced articles:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> NERVE DAMAGE & STATINS
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Frequently Asked Question: What medical research studies have
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> been done on Statins and Nerve Damage that I can bring to my
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> doctor's attention?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Golomb BA, Yang E, Denenberg J, Criqui M (2003),
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Statin-associated adverse events. P95. Presented at the 43rd Annual
>>>>>>>> Conference on
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention. Miami; March 5-8.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Chong PH, Boskovich A, Stevkovic N, Bartt RE.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Statin-associated peripheral neuropathy: review of the literature.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Pharmacotherapy. 2004 Sep;24(9):1194-203. Review.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> PMID: 15460180 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstr
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> act&list_uids=15460180
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "Based on epidemiologic studies as well as case reports, a risk of
>>>>>>>> peripheral neuropathy
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> associated with statin use may exist; however, the risk appears to be
>>>>>>>> minimal. On the
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> other hand, the benefits of statins are firmly established. These
>>>>>>>> findings should alert
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> prescribers to a potential risk of peripheral neuropathy in patients
>>>>>>>> receiving any of the
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> statins; that is, statins should be considered the cause of
>>>>>>>> peripheral neuropathy when
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> other etiologies have been excluded."
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Rajabally YA, Varakantam V, Abbott RJ.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Disorder resembling Guillain-Barre syndrome on initiation of statin
>>>>>>>> therapy.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Muscle Nerve. 2004 Nov;30(5):663-6.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> PMID: 15389662 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstr
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> act&list_uids=15389662
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "We report a disorder resembling Guillain-Barre syndrome, occurring
>>>>>>>> on initiation of
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> simvastatin, in a 58-year-old man, who had experienced a similar but
>>>>>>>> milder episode after
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> starting pravastatin 6 months earlier. This case suggests that acute
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> polyradiculoneuropathy may represent a rare but serious side-effect
>>>>>>>> of statin treatment. It
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> also raises the issue of the pathophysiology of acute neuropathy on
>>>>>>>> statin exposure, with
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> a hypersensitivity reaction resulting in an immune-mediated process
>>>>>>>> being possible
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> instead of the hypothesized mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic
>>>>>>>> cases."
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Scola RH, Trentin AP, Germiniani FM, Piovesan EJ, Werneck LC.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Simvastatin-induced mononeuropathy multiplex: case report.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2004 Jun;62(2B):540-2. Epub 2004 Jul 20.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> PMID: 15273860 [PubMed - in process]
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstr
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> act&list_uids=15273860
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "The association between the use of statins and neuromuscular disease
>>>>>>>> is currently being
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> intensely discussed. We relate a 63 years old man with possible case
>>>>>>>> of statin-induced
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> neuropathy in a patient with dislipidemia in use of simvastatina at
>>>>>>>> high doses. The
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> electrophysiologic studies disclosed findings compatible with
>>>>>>>> mononeuropathy multiplex,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> suggested by clinical prescutation of asymmetrical numbness and
>>>>>>>> weakness. More
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> common causes of mononeuropathy multiplex were excluded and the
>>>>>>>> patient improved
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> after the discontinuation of the drug."
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Statins and risk of polyneuropathy, A case-control study
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> D. Gaist, MD, PhD; U. Jeppesen, MD, PhD; M. Andersen, MD, PhD; L.A.
>>>>>>>> García
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Rodríguez, MD, MSc;
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> J. Hallas, MD, PhD; and S.H. Sindrup, MD, PhD
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://213.4.18.135/87.pdf full text
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> From the abstract: "The authors verified a diagnosis of idiopathic
>>>>>>>> polyneuropathy in 166
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> cases. The cases were classified as definite (35), probable (54), or
>>>>>>>> possible (77). The odds
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> ratio linking idiopathic polyneuropathy with statin use was 3.7 (95%
>>>>>>>> CI 1.8 to 7.6) for all
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> cases and 14.2 (5.3 to 38.0) for definite cases. The corresponding
>>>>>>>> odds ratios in current
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> users were 4.6 (2.1 to 10.0) for all cases and 16.1 (5.7 to 45.4) for
>>>>>>>> definite cases. For
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> patients treated with statins for 2 or more years the odds ratio of
>>>>>>>> definite idiopathic
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> polyneuropathy was 26.4 (7.8 to 45.4). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term
>>>>>>>> exposure to statins
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> may substantially increase the risk of polyneuropathy."
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Are users of lipid-lowering drugs at increased risk of peripheral
>>>>>>>> neuropathy?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> David Gaist, Luis Alberto García Rodríguez . Consuelo Huerta . Jesper
>>>>>>>> Hallas . Søren H.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Sindrup
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://213.4.18.135/75.pdf full text
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://213.4.18.135/76.2.pdf full text
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://213.4.18.135/87.pdf full text text
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Pharmacodynamics: Statins and peripheral neuropathy
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> U. Jeppesen (2), D. Gaist (1)(2), T. Smith (1), S. H. Sindrup (1)(2)
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> (1) Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000
>>>>>>>> Odense C,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Denmark Tel.: +45-6541-2474, Fax: +45-6541-3389
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> (2) Department of Clinical Pharmacology Odense University, Odense,
>>>>>>>> Denmark
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Received: 6 July 1998 / Accepted in revised form: 1 October 1998
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Abstract Volume 54 Issue 11 (1999) pp 835-838
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00228/bibs/9054011/90540835.htm
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Association of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors with neuropathy.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 2549960&dopt=Abstract
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Ann Pharmacother. 2003 Feb;37(2):274-8.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Backes JM, Howard PA.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Department of Pharmacy Practice and Lipid, Atherosclerosis, Metabolic
>>>>>>>> and LDLApheresis
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Clinic, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
>>>>>>>> 66160-7231,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> USA. jbackes@xxxxxxxx
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "Epidemiologic studies and case reports suggest an increased risk of
>>>>>>>> peripheral
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> neuropathy with statin drugs. The majority of cases were at least
>>>>>>>> partially reversible
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> with drug cessation." (emphasis added)
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Moosmann B, Behl C.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Selenoprotein synthesis and side-effects of statins.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Lancet. 2004 Mar 13;363(9412):892-4. Review.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> PMID: 15031036 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstr
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> act&list_uids=15031036
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "We noted that the pattern of side-effects associated with statins
>>>>>>>> resembles the pathology
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> of selenium deficiency, and postulated that the mechanism lay in a
>>>>>>>> well established, but
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> often overlooked, biochemical pathway--the isopentenylation of
>>>>>>>> selenocysteinetRNA([
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Ser]Sec). A negative effect of statins on selenoprotein synthesis
>>>>>>>> does seem to
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> explain many of the enigmatic effects and side-effects of statins, in
>>>>>>>> particular, statininduced
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> myopathy."
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Statin therapy and small fibre neuropathy: a serial
>>>>>>>> electrophysiological study.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 2639733&dopt=Abstract
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Lo YL, Leoh TH, Loh LM, Tan CE.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> J Neurol Sci. 2003 Apr 15;208(1-2):105-8.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road,
>>>>>>>> Singapore.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> gnrlyl@xxxxxxxxxx
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Describes 3 patients who developed neuropathy after ONE MONTH of
>>>>>>>> statin therapy.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "One patient redeveloped small and large fibre neuropathy when the
>>>>>>>> similar drug was
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> readministered."
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Peripheral Neuropathy and Lipid-Lowering Therapy
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Paul E. Ziajka, MD, PhD, and Tammy Wehmeier, RN, Orlando, Fla.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Abstract: We report a case of peripheral neuropathy induced and
>>>>>>>> excerbated by several
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> commonly used HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors including lovastatin,
>>>>>>>> simvastatin,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> pravastatin, and atorvastatin, and the vitamin niacin. A review of
>>>>>>>> the literature shows
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> similar cases with individual lipid-lowering drugs, but this case
>>>>>>>> shows the cross-reactivity
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> of the neuropathic process to different HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors,
>>>>>>>> and is the first
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> reported case of a peripheral neuropathy exacerbated by the use of
>>>>>>>> niacin.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.sma.org/smj1998/julysmj98/ziajka.pdf
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Phan T, McLeod JG, Pollard JD, Peiris O, Rohan A, Halpern JP.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Peripheral neuropathy associated with simvastatin.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995 May;58(5):625-8.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> PMID: 7745415 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 745415&dopt=Abstract
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Ahmad S.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Lovastatin and peripheral neuropathy.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Am Heart J. 1995 Dec;130(6):1321. No abstract available.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> PMID: 7484806 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 484806&dopt=Abstract
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Jacobs MB.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor therapy and peripheral neuropathy.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Ann Intern Med. 1994 Jun 1;120(11):970. No abstract available.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> PMID: 8172444 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 172444&dopt=Abstract
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Medication-induced peripheral neuropathy.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 2507417&dopt=Abstract
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2003 Jan;3(1):86-92. Review.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Weimer LH.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Neurological Institute of New York, 710 West 168th Street, Unit 55,
>>>>>>>> New York, NY
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 10032, USA. Lhw1@xxxxxxxxxxxx
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> PMID: 12507417 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "Although most cases demonstrate acute or subacute onset after
>>>>>>>> exposure, recent
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> experiences with statin drugs raise the possibility of occult toxic
>>>>>>>> causes of chronic
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> idiopathic neuropathy."
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Le Quesne PM. Neuropathy due to drugs. In: Dyck PJ, Thomas PK,
>>>>>>>> Griffin JW, et al,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> eds. Peripheral neuropathy. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders,
>>>>>>>> 1993:1571-1581.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> (Book, no link)
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Of interest:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> MacDonald BK, Cockerell OC, Sander WAS, Shorvon SD (2000) The
>>>>>>>> incidence and
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> lifetime prevalence of neurological disorders in a prospective
>>>>>>>> community-based
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> study in the UK. Brain
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 123:665-676
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> General background medical Info from
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Related, but also will appear in other FAQs:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Neuromuscular Disease Center
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Home: http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/index.html
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Under Disorders & Syndromes:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Select:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Myopathy: http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/maltbrain.html
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Neuropathy: http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/naltbrain.html
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Neuromuscular:
>>>>>>>> http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/syaltbrain.html
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> CNS (Central Nervous System):
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/syaltbrain.html#cns
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Specifics,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> MYOGLOBINURIA - RHABDOMYOLYSIS
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/msys/myoglob.html
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Then see Lipid Lowering Agent Myopathies
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/msys/myoglob.html#lipid
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Note that this connects to CARDIAC + MYOPATHY
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/msys/cardiac.html
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> And to TOXIC NEUROPATHIES:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/nother/toxic.htm#statin
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> OR Locally supplied Search on "Statin" leads to:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> TOXIC MYOPATHIES
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/mother/myotox.htm
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Note also tht under Mitochondrial Disorders, the list of problems
>>>>>>>> associated with
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/msys/myoglob.html#coq10
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHIES
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Facts About Mitochondrial Myopathies from the Muscular Dystrophy
>>>>>>>> Association
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.mdausa.org/publications/mitochondrial_myopathies.html#whatcauses
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> MEMORY LOSS & STATINS
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Frequently Asked Question: What medical research studies have
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> been done on Statins and Memory Loss, or other mental
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> problems that I can bring to my doctor's attention?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> (Statins: Lipitor, Mevacor, Pravachol, Zocor, Lescol, and Baycol, aka
>>>>>>>> atorvastatin,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin;
>>>>>>>> Nerve Damage:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, polyneuropathy; See separate FAQ
>>>>>>>> for memory loss,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> cognitive damage, amnesia and aphasia, i.e., central nervous system
>>>>>>>> (CNS) damage)
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Am J Med. 2004 Dec 1;117(11):823-9.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Randomized trial of the effects of simvastatin on cognitive
>>>>>>>> functioning in
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> hypercholesterolemic adults.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Muldoon MF, Ryan CM, Sereika SM, Flory JD, Manuck SB.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh,
>>>>>>>> Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> mfm10@xxxxxxxx
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "This study provides partial support for minor decrements in
>>>>>>>> cognitive functioning with
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> statins. Whether such effects have any long-term sequelae or occur
>>>>>>>> with other
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> cholesterol-lowering interventions is not known." This is the second
>>>>>>>> of two studies by
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Muldoon, both showing measurable cognitive decline in statin groups
>>>>>>>> after only 6
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> months, using Neuropsych testing. Further, the cognitive deficits
>>>>>>>> appear consistently in
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> specific areas.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstr
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> act&list_uids=15589485
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Golomb BA, Yang E, Denenberg J, Criqui M (2003),
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Statin-associated adverse events. P95. Presented at the 43rd Annual
>>>>>>>> Conference on
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention. Miami; March 5-8.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Muldoon MF, Ryan CM, Flory JD, Manuck SB (2002),
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Effects of simvastatin on cognitive functioning.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Presented at the American Heart Association Scientific
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Sessions. Chicago; Nov. 17-20.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Muldoon MF, Barger SD, Ryan CM, Flory JD, Lehoczky JP, Matthews KA,
>>>>>>>> Manuck SB.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Effects of lovastatin on cognitive function and psychological
>>>>>>>> well-being.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> After 6 months, 100% of the patients on placeboes showed a measurable
>>>>>>>> increase in
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> cognitive function, and 100% of the statin patients showed a
>>>>>>>> measurable decrease in
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> cognitive function.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Am J Med. 2000 May;108(7):538-46.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> PMID: 10806282 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 0806282&dopt=Abstract
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Cognitive impairment associated with atorvastatin and simvastatin.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> King DS, Wilburn AJ, Wofford MR, Harrell TK, Lindley BJ, Jones DW.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center,
>>>>>>>> Jackson, Mississippi
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 39216, USA. dking@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Pharmacotherapy. 2003 Dec;23(12):1663-7.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "we report two women who experienced significant cognitive impairment
>>>>>>>> temporally
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> related to statin therapy. One woman took atorvastatin, and the other
>>>>>>>> first took
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> atorvastatin, then was rechallenged with simvastatin. Clinicians
>>>>>>>> should be aware of
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> cognitive impairment and dementia as potential adverse effects
>>>>>>>> associated with statin
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> therapy." PMID: 14695047
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstr
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> act&list_uids=14695047
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Cognitive impairment associated with atorvastatin.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> King DS, Jones DW, Wofford MR et al. (2001), Presented at the
>>>>>>>> American College of
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Clinical Pharmacy Spring Practice and Research Forum. Salt Lake City;
>>>>>>>> April 22-25.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Australian Adverse Drug Reactions Bulletin (Australia's equivalent to
>>>>>>>> the FDA)
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Volume 17, Number 3, August 1998, section 3, page 3
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Simvastatn is listed under "DRUGS THAT MAKE YOU FORGET"
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Recognizing the 14 reports of Amnesia under that drug, .8% of the
>>>>>>>> total adverse effects
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> for that drug.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> www.health.gov.au/tga/docs/pdf/aadrbltn/aadr9808.pdf
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Statin-associated memory loss: analysis of 60 case reports and review
>>>>>>>> of the
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> literature.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Wagstaff LR, Mitton MW, Arvik BM, Doraiswamy PM.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Drug Information Service, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,
>>>>>>>> North Carolina
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 27710, USA. Pharmacotherapy. 2003 Jul;23(7):871-80.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> This study searched the MedWatch drug surveillance system of the Food
>>>>>>>> and Drug
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Administration (FDA) from November 1997-February 2002 for reports of
>>>>>>>> statinassociated
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> memory loss. They also reviewed the published literature. References
>>>>>>>> from
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> the study are good for follow-up research.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Abstract:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 2885101&dopt=Abstract
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Full Study Text free on Medscape:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/458867
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> The Role of Lipid-Lowering Drugs in Cognitive Function: A
>>>>>>>> Meta-Analysis of
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Observational Studies
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> from Pharmacotherapy
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Posted 06/30/2003
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Mahyar Etminan, Pharm.D., Sudeep Gill, M.D., FRCPC, Ali Samii, M.D.,
>>>>>>>> FRCPC
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Although this study does bring the cognitive issues to light, it is a
>>>>>>>> very poor study. The
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> authors left out the pivotal study by Dr. Muldoon, that showed nearly
>>>>>>>> 100% of statin
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> users had a measurable loss of cognitive ability after 6 months,
>>>>>>>> while 100% of the
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> placebo group improved their scores.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Abstract:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 2820814&dopt=Abstract
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Full Study Text free on Medscape:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/456866
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Simvastatin-Associated Memory Loss
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Amanda Orsi, Pharm.D., Olga Sherman, Pharm.D., and Zegga
>>>>>>>> Woldeselassie, Pharm.D.,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Abstract: The statins are widely used to treat dyslipidemias. They
>>>>>>>> are generally
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> associated with mild adverse effects, but rarely, more serious
>>>>>>>> reactions may occur. A 51-
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> year-old man experienced delayed-onset, progressive memory loss while
>>>>>>>> receiving
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> simvastatin for hypercholesterolemia. His therapy was switched to
>>>>>>>> pravastatin, and
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> memory loss resolved gradually over the next month, with no
>>>>>>>> recurrence of the adverse
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> effect.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> from Pharmacotherapy
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Posted 06/01/2001
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Page 1 of 3:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/409738?WebLogicSession=PXke2H8h99pyNVS
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> CajAh5clptzOAHJSZuNBobSwWmi9veWjdJ2A3%7C-
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 1468812056489609316/184161392/6/7001/7001/7002/7002/7001/-1
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> full printable version:
>>>>>>>> http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/409738_print
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> ADR of the Month
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> September 2001 Vol. 6 No. 9
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> EDITORS
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Michelle W. McCarthy, Pharm.D.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Anne E. Hendrick, Pharm.D.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> University of Virginia Health System
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Department of Pharmacy Services
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Drug Information Center
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> PO Box 800674
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Charlottesville, VA 22908-0674
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://hsc.virginia.edu/pharmacyservices/
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Newsletters/ADR%20of%20the%20Month/ADRMonth%209-01htm.html
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> The Tablet, a general member benefit published by the British
>>>>>>>> Columbia Pharmacy
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Association, September 2001, Volume 10 no 8.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Excerpt:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Do HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors impair memory? After taking
>>>>>>>> simvastatin for a
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> year, a 51-year-old patient developed short term memory loss, to the
>>>>>>>> extent of being
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> unable to complete his sentences because he would forget what he was
>>>>>>>> going to say. The
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> drug was discontinued, replaced by pravastatin, and within one month
>>>>>>>> his memory
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> returned.14 In a separate case, a 67-year-old woman developed
>>>>>>>> impaired short-term
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> memory, altered mood, social impairment, cognitive impairment and
>>>>>>>> dementia after one
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> year of atorvastatin therapy. When atorvastatin was discontinued, her
>>>>>>>> memory, mood and
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> cognition improved completely.15 Memory impairment in a patient
>>>>>>>> receiving atorvastatin
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> has been reported to the BC Regional ADR Centre.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> REFERENCES:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 14. Orsi A, Sherman O, Woldeselassie Z. Simvastatin-associated memory
>>>>>>>> loss.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 15. King DS, Jones DW, Wofford MR et al. First report of cognitive
>>>>>>>> impairment in an
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> elderly patient: case report. Pharmacotherapy 2001 Mar; 21: 371.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.bcpharmacy.ca/publications/thetablet/pdf_version/BCPhA_Tablet-
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Sep2001.pdf
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> See page 11 of 16:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> See also:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Statins and risk of polyneuropathy, A case-control study
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> D. Gaist, MD, PhD; U. Jeppesen, MD, PhD; M. Andersen, MD, PhD; L.A.
>>>>>>>> García
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Rodríguez, MD, MSc;
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> J. Hallas, MD, PhD; and S.H. Sindrup, MD, PhD
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://213.4.18.135/87.pdf full text
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Preclinical safety evaluation of cerivastatin, a novel HMG-CoA
>>>>>>>> reductase inhibitor.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> von Keutz E, Schluter G.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 737641&dopt=Abstract
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Institute of Toxicology, PH-Product Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal,
>>>>>>>> Germany
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Am J Cardiol. 1998 Aug 27;82(4B):11J-17J.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> PMID: 9737641
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "In dogs, the species most sensitive to statins, cerivastatin caused
>>>>>>>> erosions and
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> hemorrhages in the gastrointestinal tract, bleeding in the brain stem
>>>>>>>> with fibroid
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> degeneration of vessel walls in the choroid plexus, and lens
>>>>>>>> opacity."
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Subchronic toxicity of atorvastatin, a hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme
>>>>>>>> A reductase
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> inhibitor, in beagle dogs.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 864188&dopt=Abstract
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Walsh KM, Albassam MA, Clarke DE.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert
>>>>>>>> Company, Ann
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "The toxicity of atorvastatin (AT), an inhibitor of
>>>>>>>> hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> reductase (HMG), was evaluated in beagle dogs. hemorrhage in
>>>>>>>> gallbladder and brain,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> demyelination of optic nerve, and skeletal muscle necrosis"
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Finally, on memory loss and statins: Sworn testimony from the Baycol
>>>>>>>> trial in Corpus
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Christi, Texas. From the transcript of the AM Session on 03-05-03, in
>>>>>>>> the case Hollis
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Haltom Vs. Bayer Corporation. Testifying under oath,., in response to
>>>>>>>> the plaintiff's
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> attorney's question, "What is your current position at Bayer?",
>>>>>>>> LAWRENCE POSNER,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> M.D of BAYER stated: "I'm the -- currently I'm the head of worldwide
>>>>>>>> regulatory affairs
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> for our prescription drug business, which means I have responsibility
>>>>>>>> in somewhere
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> between 60 and 100 countries where we sell products for
>>>>>>>> registrations, compliance,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> things of that nature." Excerpts from the trial transcript follow,
>>>>>>>> with the Q indicating
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> counsel's Question, and the A indicating Dr. Posner's Answer:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Q. So there are some concerns addressed here back in 1995 about
>>>>>>>> testing up to .8. And do
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> you know what the nature of the concern was?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> A. Yes. It was related to a side effect that occurred in the brain.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Q. Of what kind of animal?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> A. It occurred in the brain of dogs.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Q. Okay. So there was a side effect that occurred in dogs, and then
>>>>>>>> there was a concern
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> about whether you wanted to go forward and test at this higher dose
>>>>>>>> level in human
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> beings, given what you had learned about the dogs, right?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> A. That's correct.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Q. Okay. Now, did you just say, well, let's forget about these
>>>>>>>> concerns and we'll go ahead
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> and put .8 on the market anyway, or did you do some further analysis
>>>>>>>> that was not
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> mentioned the other day?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> A. Yes. The authors of this had -- they had two concerns. One concern
>>>>>>>> was the toxicity
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> that they found in the brain of dogs. But the other was that they had
>>>>>>>> no way to identify
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> this and who might be at risk before it happened. So there was no way
>>>>>>>> to detect that
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> someone was at risk for this side effect.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> [skip some testimony on other topics]
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Q. Do you remember in one kind of animal there had been some studies
>>>>>>>> done that there
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> could be a particular kind of problem with one kind of animal?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> A. Oh, yeah. Yes, from the -- that's correct, from the toxicology
>>>>>>>> studies.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Q. Okay. And were you able to demonstrate to your own satisfaction,
>>>>>>>> to SmithKline's
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> satisfaction, to the FDA's satisfaction, that that particular problem
>>>>>>>> that showed up with
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> that kind of animal is not something that happens in human beings?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> A. Yes. We did it -- we did it by explaining the toxicology data. We
>>>>>>>> also explained it on
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> the basis of kinetic data. That actually at the higher levels of
>>>>>>>> drug, what happens is a
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> certain amount of drug is bound to proteins in the body that
>>>>>>>> circulate; and therefore, is
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> not -- cannot cause side effects. And actually, a much smaller
>>>>>>>> proportion of the drug is
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> free. And that what you corrected for that, you actually found out
>>>>>>>> that the margins of
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> safety were in fact greater than you would predict just from the
>>>>>>>> animal data.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Q. And as you move forward then and got approval and sold Baycol from
>>>>>>>> 1997 through
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> 2001, did that problem that had shown up with that one kind of animal
>>>>>>>> ever become a
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> problem with human beings?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> A. It was actually shown with other statins as well. It wasn't unique
>>>>>>>> to cerivastatin. It was
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> a problem -- it was identified early on with lovastatin and some of
>>>>>>>> the others. In fact, for
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> none of the statins did it ever predict for any clinical problem or
>>>>>>>> toxicity.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Q. So these animals would have that same problem regardless of which
>>>>>>>> statin -- or at
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> least with other statins?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> A. Certainly with lovastatin it was true.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Q. But when it came time to human beings, that just wasn't something
>>>>>>>> that happened to
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> human beings?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> A. And I think today no one pays much attention to it.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> AMNESIA & STATINS
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Frequently Asked Question: Amnesia is one of the Lipitor side
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> effects reported by Pfizer on the Physician's Information, where
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> can I find out more about people who have had amnesia
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> episodes while taking the drug?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Lipitor, Thief of Memory, by Duane Graveline M.D.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Dr. Graveline, retired family MD, USAF Flight Surgeon, researcher in
>>>>>>>> space medicine
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> and US Astronaut, who suffered adverse effects from Lipitor,
>>>>>>>> maintains several websites
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> and is working on a second book about statin adverse effects,
>>>>>>>> including statin-related
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> memory loss and amnesia at:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> www.spacedoc.net (you can start here and read about his life and his
>>>>>>>> books)
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.spacedoc.net/lipitor_thief_of_memory.html
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.spacedoc.net/lipitor.htm
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> http://www.spacedoc.net/statin_dialogues.htm
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Australian Adverse Drug Reactions Bulletin (Australia's equivalent to
>>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> FDA)
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Volume 17, Number 3, August 1998, section 3, page 3
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Simvastatn is listed under "DRUGS THAT MAKE YOU FORGET"
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Recognizing the 14 reports of Amnesia under that drug, .8% of the
>>>>>>>> total adverse effects
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> for that drug.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> www.health.gov.au/tga/docs/pdf/aadrbltn/aadr9808.pdf
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "Sharon Hope" <shope@xxxxxxxx> wrote in message
>>>>>>>> news:U6udnX0Qjv2BMSTenZ2dnUVZ_vmdnZ2d@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>>>>>>>>> Myelin sheath = cholesterol
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Breakdown of myelin sheath = memory loss
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Statins = removal of cholesterol & breakdown of myelin sheath
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Statins = memory loss
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> From the wife of a man still in his 50's who is hitting his 4th
>>>>>>>>> anniversary off Lipitor (on for 4 years at 10 mg/day) who still has
>>>>>>>>> massive disabling memory loss directly due to Lipitor adverse
>>>>>>>>> effects, with all other possible causes ruled out. Memory
>>>>>>>>> improving, from below 1 percentile to 'impaired' levels, still
>>>>>>>>> disabled.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> "listener" <listener@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote in message
>>>>>>>>> news:Xns973FB1C366FEsome1outthere@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>>>>>>>>>> WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The breakdown of myelin, a sheet of fat that
>>>>>>>>>> insulates nerves and helps speed messages through the brain,
>>>>>>>>>> appears to
>>>>>>>>>> be a key contributor to the onset of Alzheimer's disease, a study
>>>>>>>>>> published on Monday said.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Researchers at UCLA, who reported their findings in the journal
>>>>>>>>>> Archives
>>>>>>>>>> of General Psychiatry, used magnetic resonance imaging to assess
>>>>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>>>>> breakdown of myelin in 104 healthy adults between the ages of 55
>>>>>>>>>> and 75.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> They found the severity and rate of myelin breakdown was correlated
>>>>>>>>>> with
>>>>>>>>>> the type of APOE, or apolipoprotein-E, gene a person had. Previous
>>>>>>>>>> research has shown APOE status to be the second biggest risk factor
>>>>>>>>>> for
>>>>>>>>>> the disease after aging, with a version called APOE-4 putting
>>>>>>>>>> persons at
>>>>>>>>>> highest risk.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> The study found the breakdown of myelin, a natural part of the
>>>>>>>>>> aging
>>>>>>>>>> process, proceeded most rapidly for those with APOE-4, less so for
>>>>>>>>>> those
>>>>>>>>>> with APOE-3 and most slowly for those with APOE-2. APOE-2 is
>>>>>>>>>> thought to
>>>>>>>>>> offer some protection from Alzheimer's, while APOE-3 is seen as
>>>>>>>>>> neutral.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> "These new findings offer, for the first time, compelling genetic
>>>>>>>>>> evidence that myelin breakdown underlies both the advanced age and
>>>>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>>>>> principal genetic risks for Alzheimer disease," said Dr. George
>>>>>>>>>> Bartzokis, professor of neurology at UCLA's David Geffen School of
>>>>>>>>>> Medicine.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Myelin has a very high cholesterol content. As it builds up,
>>>>>>>>>> cholesterol
>>>>>>>>>> levels in the brain increase and eventually promote the production
>>>>>>>>>> of a
>>>>>>>>>> toxin that attacks the myelin.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Bartzokis said in an interview the study opened up a potential
>>>>>>>>>> avenue to
>>>>>>>>>> preventive care since it showed you could track one of the
>>>>>>>>>> underlying
>>>>>>>>>> factors for the progressive brain disorder, which afflicts an
>>>>>>>>>> estimated
>>>>>>>>>> 4.5 million Americans.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Combining genetic testing with an MRI evaluation of myelin
>>>>>>>>>> breakdown
>>>>>>>>>> could help assess potential preventive treatments, he said.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, is an
>>>>>>>>>> irreversible
>>>>>>>>>> disorder that results in memory loss and a decline in cognitive
>>>>>>>>>> abilities.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>
>
.
- Follow-Ups:
- Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- From: Sharon Hope
- Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- References:
- Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- From: listener
- Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- From: Sharon Hope
- Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- From: Sharon Hope
- Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- From: Sharon Hope
- Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- From: Bill
- Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- From: Sharon Hope
- Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- From: Bill
- Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- From: Sharon Hope
- Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- From: Bill
- Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- From: Sharon Hope
- Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- Prev by Date: Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- Next by Date: Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- Previous by thread: Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- Next by thread: Re: Study links fatty myelin breakdown to Alzheimer's
- Index(es):
Relevant Pages
|
