Low carb-high protein diet increased cardiovascular and total mortality

Diets lower in carbohydrate and higher in protein were observed to increase
total and particularly cardiovascular mortality among Swedish women.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Low carbohydrate-high protein diet and mortality in a cohort of Swedish
women

Lagiou P, Sandin S, Weiderpass E, Lagiou A, Mucci L, Trichopoulos D, Adami
H-O

University of Athens Medical School, Goudi, Athens, Greece; Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; The Cancer Registry of Norway, Montebello,
Oslo, Norway; Athens Technological Institute (TEI), Akadimia Platonos,
Greece; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA.
J Intern Med 2007; 261:366-374.

Abstract
Objective. The long-term health consequences of diets used for weight
control are not established. We have evaluated the association of the
frequently recommended low carbohydrate diets - usually characterized by
concomitant increase in protein intake - with long-term mortality.

Design. The Women's Lifestyle and Health cohort study initiated in Sweden
during 1991-1992, with a 12-year almost complete follow up.

Setting. The Uppsala Health Care Region.

Subjects. 42 237 women, 30-49 years old at baseline, volunteers from a
random sample, who completed an extensive questionnaire and were traced
through linkages to national registries until 2003.

Main Outcome Measures. We evaluated the association of mortality with:
decreasing carbohydrate intake (in deciles); increasing protein intake (in
deciles) and an additive combination of these variables (low
carbohydrate-high protein score from 2 to 20), in Cox models controlling for
energy intake, saturated fat intake and several nondietary covariates.

Results. Decreasing carbohydrate or increasing protein intake by one decile
were associated with increase in total mortality by 6% (95% CI: 0-12%) and
2% (95% CI: -1 to 5%), respectively. For cardiovascular mortality, amongst
women 40-49 years old at enrolment, the corresponding increases were,
respectively, 13% (95% CI: -4 to 32%) and 16% (95% CI: 5-29%), with the
additive score being even more predictive.

Conclusions. A diet characterized by low carbohydrate and high protein
intake was associated with increased total and particularly cardiovascular
mortality amongst women. Vigilance with respect to long-term adherence to
such weight control regimes is advisable.

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--
Juhana

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