Re: Study: calcium supplements raise heart attack risk

1: Curr Opin Lipidol. 2007 Feb;18(1):41-6. Links
Vitamin D and vascular calcification.

Zittermann A, Schleithoff SS, Koerfer R.
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Northrhine Westfalia Heart
Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
azittermann@xxxxxxxxxx

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Vascular calcification is frequently found in
patients with osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and chronic kidney
disease, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. The effects of
vitamin D excess and deficiency on vascular calcification are reviewed
in this article. RECENT FINDINGS: There is evidence from experimental
studies that mediacalcinosis induced by vitamin D excess is an active
and reversible process. Vitamin D excess, however, is rarely seen in
the general human population. Experimental data also demonstrate that
physiologic vitamin D actions include the inhibition of processes that
are important for intimal and medial artery calcification such as pro-
inflammatory cytokine release, adhesion molecule release, and
proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. In uremic
rats, low levels of the vitamin D hormone calcitriol are associated
with massive vascular and soft tissue calcifications. Whereas
retrospective studies already indicate a beneficial effect of active
vitamin D on mortality rates in chronic kidney disease, little is yet
known about the effect of vitamin D deficiency on cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality in the general population. SUMMARY: Available
data indicate that vitamin D exerts a biphasic 'dose response' curve
on vascular calcification with deleterious consequences not only of
vitamin D excess but also of vitamin D deficiency.

PMID: 17218831 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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