Re: Implants Price?

From: Joel M. Eichen, D.D.S. (joeleichen_at_yahoo.com)
Date: 07/09/04 

Date: Fri, 09 Jul 2004 06:28:27 -0400

On 8 Jul 2004 22:38:38 -0700, purple543210@yahoo.ca (Alexander
Vasserman DDS., BS.) wrote:

>"Joel M. Eichen, D.D.S."
>
>Something is missing here.
>Before the MS-DOS we had the PC-DOS this one was not written by microsoft.

PC-DOS was the IBM version? Gosh I miss those days!

JOEL

(I still have a TRASH-80 (TRS-80) in storage!

**

Development of MS-DOS and PC-DOS began in October 1980, when IBM began
searching the market for an operating system for the
yet-to-be-introduced IBM PC.

IBM had originally intended to use Digital Research's (actually, they
had the somewhat pretentious name of "Intergalactic Digital Research"
at the time) CP/M was then the industry standard operating system -
you either ran a BASIC with disk functions, someone's proprietary OS,
or CP/M.

Folklore reports various stories about the rift between DRI and IBM.
The most popular story claims Gary Kildall or DRI snubbed the IBM
executives by flying his airplane when the meeting was scheduled.
Another story claims Kildall didn't want to release the source for
CP/M to IBM, which would be odd, since they released it to other
companies. One noted industry pundit claims Kildall's wife killed the
deal by insisting on various contract changes. I suspect the deal was
killed by the good ol' boy network. It's hard to imagine a couple of
junior IBM executives giving up when ordered to a task as simple as
licensing an operating system from a vendor. It wouldn't look good on
their performance reports. It would be interesting to hear IBM's
story...

IBM then talked to a small company called Microsoft. Microsoft was a
language vendor. Bill Gates and Paul Allen had written Microsoft BASIC
and were selling it on punched tape or disk to early PC hobbyists,
which was probably a step up from the company's original name and goal
- they were Traf-O-Data before, making car counters for highway
departments.

Microsoft had no 8086 real operating system to sell, but quickly made
a deal to license Seattle Computer Products' 86-DOS operating system,
which had been written by Tim Paterson earlier in 1980 for use on that
company's line of 8086, S100 bus micros. 86-DOS (also called QDOS, for
Quick and Dirty Operating System) had been written as more or less a
16-bit version of CP/M, since Digital Research was showing no hurry in
introducing CP/M-86. Paterson's DOS 1.0 was approximately 4000 lines
of assembler source.

This code was quickly polished up and presented to IBM for evaluation.
IBM found itself left with Microsoft's offering of "Microsoft Disk
Operating System 1.0". An agreement was reached between the two, and
IBM agreed to accept 86-DOS as the main operating system for their new
PC. Microsoft purchased all rights to 86-DOS in July 1981, and "IBM
Personal Computer DOS 1.0" was ready for the introduction of the IBM
PC in October 1981. IBM subjected the operating system to an extensive
quality-assurance program, reportedly found well over 300 bugs, and
decided to rewrite the programs. This is why PC-DOS is copyrighted by
both IBM and Microsoft.

It is sometimes amusing to reflect on the fact that the IBM PC was not
originally intended to run MS-DOS. The target operating system at the
end of the development was for a (not yet in existence) 8086 version
of CP/M. On the other hand, when DOS was originally written the IBM PC
did not yet exist! Although PC-DOS was bundled with the computer,
Digital Research's CP/M-86 would probably have been the main operating
system for the PC except for two things - Digital Research wanted $495
for CP/M-86 (considering PC-DOS was essentially free) and many
software developers found it easier to port existing CP/M software to
DOS than to the new version of CP/M. The IBM PC shipped without an
operating system.

IBM didn't start bundling DOS until the second generation AT/339 came
out. You could order one of three operating systems for your PC,
assuming you popped for the optional disk drive and 64k RAM upgrade
(base models had 16k and a cassette player port). These operating
systems were IBM Personal Computer DOS 1.0, a version of the UCSD
p-System, which was an integrated Pascal operating system something
like the souped-up BASIC operating systems used by the Commodore 64
and others, or Digital Research's CP/M-86, which was officially an
option although you couldn't buy it until later. Since IBM's $39.95
DOS was far cheaper than anyone else's alternative, darned near
everyone bought DOS.

Microsoft Press' "MSDOS Encyclopedia" shows a reproduction of a late
DOS 1.25 OEM brochure. Microsoft was touting future enhancements to
1.25 including Xenix-compatible pipes, process forks, and
multitasking, as well as "graphics and cursor positioning, kanji
support, multi-user and hard disk support, and networking." Microsoft
certainly thought big, but, alas, the forks, multitasking, and
multiuser support never came about, at least in US versions of DOS.
Oddly, the flyer claims:

"MS-DOS has no practical limit on disk size. MS-DOS uses 4-byte XENIX
OS compatible pointers for file and disk capacity up to 4 gigabytes."

Umm... yeah. One sort of gets the idea nobody at Microsoft had a hard
disk larger than 32 megabytes...

86-DOS February 1981 Paterson's Quick'n'Dirty DOS first runs on IBM's
wirewrapped PC prototype

PC-DOS 1.0 August 1981 original IBM release

PC-DOS 2.0 March 1983 for PC/XT, Unix-type subdirectory support,
installable device drivers, I/O redirection, subdirectories, hard disk
support, handle calls

PC-DOS 3.0 August 1984 1.2 meg drive for PC/AT, some new system calls,
new external programs, 16-bit FAT, specific support for IBM network

MS-DOS 4.0 April 1986 multitasking (Europe only) - withdrawn from
market after a very short run

PC-DOS 3.3 April 1987 for PS/2 series, 1.44 meg support, multiple DOS
partition support, code page switching, improved foreign language
support, some new function calls, support for the AT's CMOS clock

PC-DOS 4.0 August 1988 32mb disk limit officially broken, minor EMS
support, more new function calls, enhanced network support for
external commands. PCjr support dropped.

MS-DOS 5.0 June 1991 high memory support, uses up to 8 hard disks,
command line editor and aliasing, 2.88mb floppies, ROMable OEM kit
available.
MS-DOS 6.0 March 1993 disk compression (Doublespace), multiple
configurations in CONFIG.SYS

>
>
>
>
>
>
><joeleichen@yahoo.com> wrote in message news:<bb7oe0560vo0rsu8nrcmnt838iit0lvfm2@4ax.com>...
>> This internet, is it great or what?
>>
>> ****************************
>>
>> ONE OF THE BIGGEST MISTAKES IN THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD.
>>
>> If I recall correctly, the bossman was out hiking and camping and his
>> wife made the decision ....
>>
>> JOEL
>>
>>
>> As for an operating system (OS) for the new computers, since Microsoft
>> had never written an operating system before, Gates had suggested that
>> IBM investigate an OS called CP/M (Control Program for
>> Microcomputers), written by Gary Kildall of Digital Research. Kindall
>> had his Ph.D. in computers and had written the most successful
>> operating system of the time, selling over 600,000 copies of CP/M, his
>> OS set the standard at that time.
>>
>> IBM tried to contact Kildall for a meeting, executives met with Mrs.
>> Kildall who refused to sign a non-disclosure agreement. IBM soon
>> returned to Bill Gates and gave Microsoft the contract to write the
>> new operating system, one that would eventually wipe Kildall's CP/M
>> out of common use.
>>
>>
>> ********************************
>>
>>
>>
>> Inventors of the Modern Computer
>>
>> The History of the MS-DOS Operating Systems, Microsoft, Tim Paterson,
>> and Gary Kildall
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> IBM PC Inventors of the Modern Computer Series
>> ? Table of Contents
>> ? Next Chapter
>> The Apple Lisa and Consumer GUI
>> ENTER
>>
>>
>>
>> More on MS-DOS, Time Paterson, and Gary Kildall
>> ? A Short History of MS-DOS
>> Written by Tim Paterson himself.
>> ? Origins of MS-DOS
>> Articles about MS-DOS and Tim Paterson.
>> ? The Deal of the Century
>> More on Microsoft's purchase of the "Quick and Dirty Operating
>> System".
>> ? Microsoft Timeline
>> ? Windows Operating Systems Family History
>> From Altair BASIC to Windows 98, everything Microsoft has
>> accomplished.
>> ? The History of Windows
>> MS-DOS was the beginning of "Windows" the IBM based graphical
>> interface.
>> ? Bill Gates
>> Biography of the Microsoft superstar.
>>
>>
>>
>> By Mary Bellis
>> "I don't think it's that significant." - Tandy president John Roach on
>> IBM's entry into the microcomputer field
>>
>> On August 12, 1981, IBM introduced its new revolution in a box, the
>> "Personal Computer" complete with a brand new operating system from
>> Microsoft and a 16-bit computer operating system called MS-DOS 1.0.
>>
>> Operating System : /n./ [techspeak] (Often abbreviated `OS') The
>> foundation software of a machine, of course; that which schedules
>> tasks, allocates storage, and presents a default interface to the user
>> between applications. The facilities an operating system provides and
>> its general design philosophy exert an extremely strong influence on
>> programming style and on the technical cultures that grow up around
>> its host machines. - The Jargon Dictionary*
>>
>> In 1980, IBM first approached Bill Gates and Microsoft, to discuss the
>> state of home computers and Microsoft products. Gates gave IBM a few
>> ideas on what would make a great home computer, among them to have
>> Basic written into the ROM chip. Microsoft had already produced
>> several versions of Basic for different computer system beginning with
>> the Altair, so Gates was more than happy to write a version for IBM.
>>
>> As for an operating system (OS) for the new computers, since Microsoft
>> had never written an operating system before, Gates had suggested that
>> IBM investigate an OS called CP/M (Control Program for
>> Microcomputers), written by Gary Kildall of Digital Research. Kindall
>> had his Ph.D. in computers and had written the most successful
>> operating system of the time, selling over 600,000 copies of CP/M, his
>> OS set the standard at that time.
>>
>> IBM tried to contact Kildall for a meeting, executives met with Mrs.
>> Kildall who refused to sign a non-disclosure agreement. IBM soon
>> returned to Bill Gates and gave Microsoft the contract to write the
>> new operating system, one that would eventually wipe Kildall's CP/M
>> out of common use.
>>
>> The "Microsoft Disk Operating System" or MS-DOS was based on QDOS, the
>> "Quick and Dirty Operating System" written by Tim Paterson of Seattle
>> Computer Products, for their prototype Intel 8086 based computer.
>>
>> QDOS was based on Gary Kildall's CP/M, Paterson had bought a CP/M
>> manual and used it as the basis to write his operating system in six
>> weeks, QDOS was different enough from CP/M to be considered legal.
>>
>> Microsoft bought the rights to QDOS for $50,000, keeping the IBM deal
>> a secret from Seattle Computer Products.
>>
>> Gates then talked IBM into letting Microsoft retain the rights, to
>> market MS DOS separate from the IBM PC project, Gates proceeded to
>> make a fortune from the licensing of MS-DOS.
>>
>> In 1981, Tim Paterson quit Seattle Computer Products and found
>> employment at Microsoft.
>>
>> "Life begins with a disk drive." - Tim Paterson
>>
>> *The Jargon Dictionary
>> Version 4.0.0, 24 July 1996, Computer terms.
>>
>> Next Chapter > The Apple Lisa and the Birth of the Graphical Interface
>> or Consumer GUI
>>
>> all artwork ©MaryBellis
>>
>> Subscribe to the Inventors Newsletter
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> ****************
>>
>>
>> On Wed, 07 Jul 2004 15:53:40 GMT, W_B <no_one@nowhere.net> wrote:
>>
>> >On Wed, 07 Jul 2004 06:56:03 -0400, "Joel M. Eichen, D.D.S." <joeleichen@yahoo.com> wrote:
>> >
>> >>The operating systems he stole from Digital. Oh wait. He paid $50,000
>> >>them for the code. IBM bought it and thought it was Bill's.
>> >
>> >Nope, Bill *licensed* it to IBM before he actually bought it.

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