Re: Implants Price?
From: Alexander Vasserman DDS., BS. (purple543210_at_yahoo.ca)
Date: 07/11/04
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Date: 10 Jul 2004 23:35:19 -0700
"Joel M. Eichen, D.D.S." <joeleichen@yahoo.com> wrote in message news:<1lsse0lhan3k8nfl5an0p2ginub9gmtinn@4ax.com>...
> On 8 Jul 2004 22:38:38 -0700, purple543210@yahoo.ca (Alexander
> Vasserman DDS., BS.) wrote:
>
> >"Joel M. Eichen, D.D.S."
> >
> >Something is missing here.
> >Before the MS-DOS we had the PC-DOS this one was not written by microsoft.
>
> PC-DOS was the IBM version? Gosh I miss those days!
>
> JOEL
>
> (I still have a TRASH-80 (TRS-80) in storage!
I still have a "Timex St Clair 2K" in storage. I wonder if it is worth
anything as a collectable?
>
>
> **
>
> Development of MS-DOS and PC-DOS began in October 1980, when IBM began
> searching the market for an operating system for the
> yet-to-be-introduced IBM PC.
>
> IBM had originally intended to use Digital Research's (actually, they
> had the somewhat pretentious name of "Intergalactic Digital Research"
> at the time) CP/M was then the industry standard operating system -
> you either ran a BASIC with disk functions, someone's proprietary OS,
> or CP/M.
>
> Folklore reports various stories about the rift between DRI and IBM.
> The most popular story claims Gary Kildall or DRI snubbed the IBM
> executives by flying his airplane when the meeting was scheduled.
> Another story claims Kildall didn't want to release the source for
> CP/M to IBM, which would be odd, since they released it to other
> companies. One noted industry pundit claims Kildall's wife killed the
> deal by insisting on various contract changes. I suspect the deal was
> killed by the good ol' boy network. It's hard to imagine a couple of
> junior IBM executives giving up when ordered to a task as simple as
> licensing an operating system from a vendor. It wouldn't look good on
> their performance reports. It would be interesting to hear IBM's
> story...
>
> IBM then talked to a small company called Microsoft. Microsoft was a
> language vendor. Bill Gates and Paul Allen had written Microsoft BASIC
> and were selling it on punched tape or disk to early PC hobbyists,
> which was probably a step up from the company's original name and goal
> - they were Traf-O-Data before, making car counters for highway
> departments.
>
> Microsoft had no 8086 real operating system to sell, but quickly made
> a deal to license Seattle Computer Products' 86-DOS operating system,
> which had been written by Tim Paterson earlier in 1980 for use on that
> company's line of 8086, S100 bus micros. 86-DOS (also called QDOS, for
> Quick and Dirty Operating System) had been written as more or less a
> 16-bit version of CP/M, since Digital Research was showing no hurry in
> introducing CP/M-86. Paterson's DOS 1.0 was approximately 4000 lines
> of assembler source.
>
> This code was quickly polished up and presented to IBM for evaluation.
> IBM found itself left with Microsoft's offering of "Microsoft Disk
> Operating System 1.0". An agreement was reached between the two, and
> IBM agreed to accept 86-DOS as the main operating system for their new
> PC. Microsoft purchased all rights to 86-DOS in July 1981, and "IBM
> Personal Computer DOS 1.0" was ready for the introduction of the IBM
> PC in October 1981. IBM subjected the operating system to an extensive
> quality-assurance program, reportedly found well over 300 bugs, and
> decided to rewrite the programs. This is why PC-DOS is copyrighted by
> both IBM and Microsoft.
>
> It is sometimes amusing to reflect on the fact that the IBM PC was not
> originally intended to run MS-DOS. The target operating system at the
> end of the development was for a (not yet in existence) 8086 version
> of CP/M. On the other hand, when DOS was originally written the IBM PC
> did not yet exist! Although PC-DOS was bundled with the computer,
> Digital Research's CP/M-86 would probably have been the main operating
> system for the PC except for two things - Digital Research wanted $495
> for CP/M-86 (considering PC-DOS was essentially free) and many
> software developers found it easier to port existing CP/M software to
> DOS than to the new version of CP/M. The IBM PC shipped without an
> operating system.
>
> IBM didn't start bundling DOS until the second generation AT/339 came
> out. You could order one of three operating systems for your PC,
> assuming you popped for the optional disk drive and 64k RAM upgrade
> (base models had 16k and a cassette player port). These operating
> systems were IBM Personal Computer DOS 1.0, a version of the UCSD
> p-System, which was an integrated Pascal operating system something
> like the souped-up BASIC operating systems used by the Commodore 64
> and others, or Digital Research's CP/M-86, which was officially an
> option although you couldn't buy it until later. Since IBM's $39.95
> DOS was far cheaper than anyone else's alternative, darned near
> everyone bought DOS.
>
> Microsoft Press' "MSDOS Encyclopedia" shows a reproduction of a late
> DOS 1.25 OEM brochure. Microsoft was touting future enhancements to
> 1.25 including Xenix-compatible pipes, process forks, and
> multitasking, as well as "graphics and cursor positioning, kanji
> support, multi-user and hard disk support, and networking." Microsoft
> certainly thought big, but, alas, the forks, multitasking, and
> multiuser support never came about, at least in US versions of DOS.
> Oddly, the flyer claims:
>
> "MS-DOS has no practical limit on disk size. MS-DOS uses 4-byte XENIX
> OS compatible pointers for file and disk capacity up to 4 gigabytes."
>
> Umm... yeah. One sort of gets the idea nobody at Microsoft had a hard
> disk larger than 32 megabytes...
>
> 86-DOS February 1981 Paterson's Quick'n'Dirty DOS first runs on IBM's
> wirewrapped PC prototype
>
> PC-DOS 1.0 August 1981 original IBM release
>
> PC-DOS 2.0 March 1983 for PC/XT, Unix-type subdirectory support,
> installable device drivers, I/O redirection, subdirectories, hard disk
> support, handle calls
>
> PC-DOS 3.0 August 1984 1.2 meg drive for PC/AT, some new system calls,
> new external programs, 16-bit FAT, specific support for IBM network
>
> MS-DOS 4.0 April 1986 multitasking (Europe only) - withdrawn from
> market after a very short run
>
> PC-DOS 3.3 April 1987 for PS/2 series, 1.44 meg support, multiple DOS
> partition support, code page switching, improved foreign language
> support, some new function calls, support for the AT's CMOS clock
>
> PC-DOS 4.0 August 1988 32mb disk limit officially broken, minor EMS
> support, more new function calls, enhanced network support for
> external commands. PCjr support dropped.
>
> MS-DOS 5.0 June 1991 high memory support, uses up to 8 hard disks,
> command line editor and aliasing, 2.88mb floppies, ROMable OEM kit
> available.
> MS-DOS 6.0 March 1993 disk compression (Doublespace), multiple
> configurations in CONFIG.SYS
>
>
>
>
>
>
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> ><joeleichen@yahoo.com> wrote in message news:<bb7oe0560vo0rsu8nrcmnt838iit0lvfm2@4ax.com>...
> >> This internet, is it great or what?
> >>
> >> ****************************
> >>
> >> ONE OF THE BIGGEST MISTAKES IN THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD.
> >>
> >> If I recall correctly, the bossman was out hiking and camping and his
> >> wife made the decision ....
> >>
> >> JOEL
> >>
> >>
> >> As for an operating system (OS) for the new computers, since Microsoft
> >> had never written an operating system before, Gates had suggested that
> >> IBM investigate an OS called CP/M (Control Program for
> >> Microcomputers), written by Gary Kildall of Digital Research. Kindall
> >> had his Ph.D. in computers and had written the most successful
> >> operating system of the time, selling over 600,000 copies of CP/M, his
> >> OS set the standard at that time.
> >>
> >> IBM tried to contact Kildall for a meeting, executives met with Mrs.
> >> Kildall who refused to sign a non-disclosure agreement. IBM soon
> >> returned to Bill Gates and gave Microsoft the contract to write the
> >> new operating system, one that would eventually wipe Kildall's CP/M
> >> out of common use.
> >>
> >>
> >> ********************************
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> Inventors of the Modern Computer
> >>
> >> The History of the MS-DOS Operating Systems, Microsoft, Tim Paterson,
> >> and Gary Kildall
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> IBM PC Inventors of the Modern Computer Series
> >> ? Table of Contents
> >> ? Next Chapter
> >> The Apple Lisa and Consumer GUI
> >> ENTER
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> More on MS-DOS, Time Paterson, and Gary Kildall
> >> ? A Short History of MS-DOS
> >> Written by Tim Paterson himself.
> >> ? Origins of MS-DOS
> >> Articles about MS-DOS and Tim Paterson.
> >> ? The Deal of the Century
> >> More on Microsoft's purchase of the "Quick and Dirty Operating
> >> System".
> >> ? Microsoft Timeline
> >> ? Windows Operating Systems Family History
> >> From Altair BASIC to Windows 98, everything Microsoft has
> >> accomplished.
> >> ? The History of Windows
> >> MS-DOS was the beginning of "Windows" the IBM based graphical
> >> interface.
> >> ? Bill Gates
> >> Biography of the Microsoft superstar.
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> By Mary Bellis
> >> "I don't think it's that significant." - Tandy president John Roach on
> >> IBM's entry into the microcomputer field
> >>
> >> On August 12, 1981, IBM introduced its new revolution in a box, the
> >> "Personal Computer" complete with a brand new operating system from
> >> Microsoft and a 16-bit computer operating system called MS-DOS 1.0.
> >>
> >> Operating System : /n./ [techspeak] (Often abbreviated `OS') The
> >> foundation software of a machine, of course; that which schedules
> >> tasks, allocates storage, and presents a default interface to the user
> >> between applications. The facilities an operating system provides and
> >> its general design philosophy exert an extremely strong influence on
> >> programming style and on the technical cultures that grow up around
> >> its host machines. - The Jargon Dictionary*
> >>
> >> In 1980, IBM first approached Bill Gates and Microsoft, to discuss the
> >> state of home computers and Microsoft products. Gates gave IBM a few
> >> ideas on what would make a great home computer, among them to have
> >> Basic written into the ROM chip. Microsoft had already produced
> >> several versions of Basic for different computer system beginning with
> >> the Altair, so Gates was more than happy to write a version for IBM.
> >>
> >> As for an operating system (OS) for the new computers, since Microsoft
> >> had never written an operating system before, Gates had suggested that
> >> IBM investigate an OS called CP/M (Control Program for
> >> Microcomputers), written by Gary Kildall of Digital Research. Kindall
> >> had his Ph.D. in computers and had written the most successful
> >> operating system of the time, selling over 600,000 copies of CP/M, his
> >> OS set the standard at that time.
> >>
> >> IBM tried to contact Kildall for a meeting, executives met with Mrs.
> >> Kildall who refused to sign a non-disclosure agreement. IBM soon
> >> returned to Bill Gates and gave Microsoft the contract to write the
> >> new operating system, one that would eventually wipe Kildall's CP/M
> >> out of common use.
> >>
> >> The "Microsoft Disk Operating System" or MS-DOS was based on QDOS, the
> >> "Quick and Dirty Operating System" written by Tim Paterson of Seattle
> >> Computer Products, for their prototype Intel 8086 based computer.
> >>
> >> QDOS was based on Gary Kildall's CP/M, Paterson had bought a CP/M
> >> manual and used it as the basis to write his operating system in six
> >> weeks, QDOS was different enough from CP/M to be considered legal.
> >>
> >> Microsoft bought the rights to QDOS for $50,000, keeping the IBM deal
> >> a secret from Seattle Computer Products.
> >>
> >> Gates then talked IBM into letting Microsoft retain the rights, to
> >> market MS DOS separate from the IBM PC project, Gates proceeded to
> >> make a fortune from the licensing of MS-DOS.
> >>
> >> In 1981, Tim Paterson quit Seattle Computer Products and found
> >> employment at Microsoft.
> >>
> >> "Life begins with a disk drive." - Tim Paterson
> >>
> >> *The Jargon Dictionary
> >> Version 4.0.0, 24 July 1996, Computer terms.
> >>
> >> Next Chapter > The Apple Lisa and the Birth of the Graphical Interface
> >> or Consumer GUI
> >>
> >> all artwork ©MaryBellis
> >>
> >> Subscribe to the Inventors Newsletter
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> ****************
> >>
> >>
> >> On Wed, 07 Jul 2004 15:53:40 GMT, W_B <no_one@nowhere.net> wrote:
> >>
> >> >On Wed, 07 Jul 2004 06:56:03 -0400, "Joel M. Eichen, D.D.S." <joeleichen@yahoo.com> wrote:
> >> >
> >> >>The operating systems he stole from Digital. Oh wait. He paid $50,000
> >> >>them for the code. IBM bought it and thought it was Bill's.
> >> >
> >> >Nope, Bill *licensed* it to IBM before he actually bought it.
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