Re: Implants Price?

From: Joel M. Eichen, D.D.S. (joeleichen_at_yahoo.com)
Date: 07/11/04 

Date: Sun, 11 Jul 2004 05:36:29 -0400

On 10 Jul 2004 23:35:19 -0700, purple543210@yahoo.ca (Alexander
Vasserman DDS., BS.) wrote:

>"Joel M. Eichen, D.D.S." <joeleichen@yahoo.com> wrote in message news:<1lsse0lhan3k8nfl5an0p2ginub9gmtinn@4ax.com>...
>> On 8 Jul 2004 22:38:38 -0700, purple543210@yahoo.ca (Alexander
>> Vasserman DDS., BS.) wrote:
>>
>> >"Joel M. Eichen, D.D.S."
>> >
>> >Something is missing here.
>> >Before the MS-DOS we had the PC-DOS this one was not written by microsoft.
>>
>> PC-DOS was the IBM version? Gosh I miss those days!
>>
>> JOEL
>>
>> (I still have a TRASH-80 (TRS-80) in storage!
>
>
>I still have a "Timex St Clair 2K" in storage. I wonder if it is worth
>anything as a collectable?

Is that the one that uses the TV as a monitor? If so, that's the one I
got in storage too.

2K machines! Plus a tape drive.

>
>
>
>
>
>>
>>
>> **
>>
>> Development of MS-DOS and PC-DOS began in October 1980, when IBM began
>> searching the market for an operating system for the
>> yet-to-be-introduced IBM PC.
>>
>> IBM had originally intended to use Digital Research's (actually, they
>> had the somewhat pretentious name of "Intergalactic Digital Research"
>> at the time) CP/M was then the industry standard operating system -
>> you either ran a BASIC with disk functions, someone's proprietary OS,
>> or CP/M.
>>
>> Folklore reports various stories about the rift between DRI and IBM.
>> The most popular story claims Gary Kildall or DRI snubbed the IBM
>> executives by flying his airplane when the meeting was scheduled.
>> Another story claims Kildall didn't want to release the source for
>> CP/M to IBM, which would be odd, since they released it to other
>> companies. One noted industry pundit claims Kildall's wife killed the
>> deal by insisting on various contract changes. I suspect the deal was
>> killed by the good ol' boy network. It's hard to imagine a couple of
>> junior IBM executives giving up when ordered to a task as simple as
>> licensing an operating system from a vendor. It wouldn't look good on
>> their performance reports. It would be interesting to hear IBM's
>> story...
>>
>> IBM then talked to a small company called Microsoft. Microsoft was a
>> language vendor. Bill Gates and Paul Allen had written Microsoft BASIC
>> and were selling it on punched tape or disk to early PC hobbyists,
>> which was probably a step up from the company's original name and goal
>> - they were Traf-O-Data before, making car counters for highway
>> departments.
>>
>> Microsoft had no 8086 real operating system to sell, but quickly made
>> a deal to license Seattle Computer Products' 86-DOS operating system,
>> which had been written by Tim Paterson earlier in 1980 for use on that
>> company's line of 8086, S100 bus micros. 86-DOS (also called QDOS, for
>> Quick and Dirty Operating System) had been written as more or less a
>> 16-bit version of CP/M, since Digital Research was showing no hurry in
>> introducing CP/M-86. Paterson's DOS 1.0 was approximately 4000 lines
>> of assembler source.
>>
>> This code was quickly polished up and presented to IBM for evaluation.
>> IBM found itself left with Microsoft's offering of "Microsoft Disk
>> Operating System 1.0". An agreement was reached between the two, and
>> IBM agreed to accept 86-DOS as the main operating system for their new
>> PC. Microsoft purchased all rights to 86-DOS in July 1981, and "IBM
>> Personal Computer DOS 1.0" was ready for the introduction of the IBM
>> PC in October 1981. IBM subjected the operating system to an extensive
>> quality-assurance program, reportedly found well over 300 bugs, and
>> decided to rewrite the programs. This is why PC-DOS is copyrighted by
>> both IBM and Microsoft.
>>
>> It is sometimes amusing to reflect on the fact that the IBM PC was not
>> originally intended to run MS-DOS. The target operating system at the
>> end of the development was for a (not yet in existence) 8086 version
>> of CP/M. On the other hand, when DOS was originally written the IBM PC
>> did not yet exist! Although PC-DOS was bundled with the computer,
>> Digital Research's CP/M-86 would probably have been the main operating
>> system for the PC except for two things - Digital Research wanted $495
>> for CP/M-86 (considering PC-DOS was essentially free) and many
>> software developers found it easier to port existing CP/M software to
>> DOS than to the new version of CP/M. The IBM PC shipped without an
>> operating system.
>>
>> IBM didn't start bundling DOS until the second generation AT/339 came
>> out. You could order one of three operating systems for your PC,
>> assuming you popped for the optional disk drive and 64k RAM upgrade
>> (base models had 16k and a cassette player port). These operating
>> systems were IBM Personal Computer DOS 1.0, a version of the UCSD
>> p-System, which was an integrated Pascal operating system something
>> like the souped-up BASIC operating systems used by the Commodore 64
>> and others, or Digital Research's CP/M-86, which was officially an
>> option although you couldn't buy it until later. Since IBM's $39.95
>> DOS was far cheaper than anyone else's alternative, darned near
>> everyone bought DOS.
>>
>> Microsoft Press' "MSDOS Encyclopedia" shows a reproduction of a late
>> DOS 1.25 OEM brochure. Microsoft was touting future enhancements to
>> 1.25 including Xenix-compatible pipes, process forks, and
>> multitasking, as well as "graphics and cursor positioning, kanji
>> support, multi-user and hard disk support, and networking." Microsoft
>> certainly thought big, but, alas, the forks, multitasking, and
>> multiuser support never came about, at least in US versions of DOS.
>> Oddly, the flyer claims:
>>
>> "MS-DOS has no practical limit on disk size. MS-DOS uses 4-byte XENIX
>> OS compatible pointers for file and disk capacity up to 4 gigabytes."
>>
>> Umm... yeah. One sort of gets the idea nobody at Microsoft had a hard
>> disk larger than 32 megabytes...
>>
>> 86-DOS February 1981 Paterson's Quick'n'Dirty DOS first runs on IBM's
>> wirewrapped PC prototype
>>
>> PC-DOS 1.0 August 1981 original IBM release
>>
>> PC-DOS 2.0 March 1983 for PC/XT, Unix-type subdirectory support,
>> installable device drivers, I/O redirection, subdirectories, hard disk
>> support, handle calls
>>
>> PC-DOS 3.0 August 1984 1.2 meg drive for PC/AT, some new system calls,
>> new external programs, 16-bit FAT, specific support for IBM network
>>
>> MS-DOS 4.0 April 1986 multitasking (Europe only) - withdrawn from
>> market after a very short run
>>
>> PC-DOS 3.3 April 1987 for PS/2 series, 1.44 meg support, multiple DOS
>> partition support, code page switching, improved foreign language
>> support, some new function calls, support for the AT's CMOS clock
>>
>> PC-DOS 4.0 August 1988 32mb disk limit officially broken, minor EMS
>> support, more new function calls, enhanced network support for
>> external commands. PCjr support dropped.
>>
>> MS-DOS 5.0 June 1991 high memory support, uses up to 8 hard disks,
>> command line editor and aliasing, 2.88mb floppies, ROMable OEM kit
>> available.
>> MS-DOS 6.0 March 1993 disk compression (Doublespace), multiple
>> configurations in CONFIG.SYS
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> ><joeleichen@yahoo.com> wrote in message news:<bb7oe0560vo0rsu8nrcmnt838iit0lvfm2@4ax.com>...
>> >> This internet, is it great or what?
>> >>
>> >> ****************************
>> >>
>> >> ONE OF THE BIGGEST MISTAKES IN THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD.
>> >>
>> >> If I recall correctly, the bossman was out hiking and camping and his
>> >> wife made the decision ....
>> >>
>> >> JOEL
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> As for an operating system (OS) for the new computers, since Microsoft
>> >> had never written an operating system before, Gates had suggested that
>> >> IBM investigate an OS called CP/M (Control Program for
>> >> Microcomputers), written by Gary Kildall of Digital Research. Kindall
>> >> had his Ph.D. in computers and had written the most successful
>> >> operating system of the time, selling over 600,000 copies of CP/M, his
>> >> OS set the standard at that time.
>> >>
>> >> IBM tried to contact Kildall for a meeting, executives met with Mrs.
>> >> Kildall who refused to sign a non-disclosure agreement. IBM soon
>> >> returned to Bill Gates and gave Microsoft the contract to write the
>> >> new operating system, one that would eventually wipe Kildall's CP/M
>> >> out of common use.
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> ********************************
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> Inventors of the Modern Computer
>> >>
>> >> The History of the MS-DOS Operating Systems, Microsoft, Tim Paterson,
>> >> and Gary Kildall
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> IBM PC Inventors of the Modern Computer Series
>> >> ? Table of Contents
>> >> ? Next Chapter
>> >> The Apple Lisa and Consumer GUI
>> >> ENTER
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> More on MS-DOS, Time Paterson, and Gary Kildall
>> >> ? A Short History of MS-DOS
>> >> Written by Tim Paterson himself.
>> >> ? Origins of MS-DOS
>> >> Articles about MS-DOS and Tim Paterson.
>> >> ? The Deal of the Century
>> >> More on Microsoft's purchase of the "Quick and Dirty Operating
>> >> System".
>> >> ? Microsoft Timeline
>> >> ? Windows Operating Systems Family History
>> >> From Altair BASIC to Windows 98, everything Microsoft has
>> >> accomplished.
>> >> ? The History of Windows
>> >> MS-DOS was the beginning of "Windows" the IBM based graphical
>> >> interface.
>> >> ? Bill Gates
>> >> Biography of the Microsoft superstar.
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> By Mary Bellis
>> >> "I don't think it's that significant." - Tandy president John Roach on
>> >> IBM's entry into the microcomputer field
>> >>
>> >> On August 12, 1981, IBM introduced its new revolution in a box, the
>> >> "Personal Computer" complete with a brand new operating system from
>> >> Microsoft and a 16-bit computer operating system called MS-DOS 1.0.
>> >>
>> >> Operating System : /n./ [techspeak] (Often abbreviated `OS') The
>> >> foundation software of a machine, of course; that which schedules
>> >> tasks, allocates storage, and presents a default interface to the user
>> >> between applications. The facilities an operating system provides and
>> >> its general design philosophy exert an extremely strong influence on
>> >> programming style and on the technical cultures that grow up around
>> >> its host machines. - The Jargon Dictionary*
>> >>
>> >> In 1980, IBM first approached Bill Gates and Microsoft, to discuss the
>> >> state of home computers and Microsoft products. Gates gave IBM a few
>> >> ideas on what would make a great home computer, among them to have
>> >> Basic written into the ROM chip. Microsoft had already produced
>> >> several versions of Basic for different computer system beginning with
>> >> the Altair, so Gates was more than happy to write a version for IBM.
>> >>
>> >> As for an operating system (OS) for the new computers, since Microsoft
>> >> had never written an operating system before, Gates had suggested that
>> >> IBM investigate an OS called CP/M (Control Program for
>> >> Microcomputers), written by Gary Kildall of Digital Research. Kindall
>> >> had his Ph.D. in computers and had written the most successful
>> >> operating system of the time, selling over 600,000 copies of CP/M, his
>> >> OS set the standard at that time.
>> >>
>> >> IBM tried to contact Kildall for a meeting, executives met with Mrs.
>> >> Kildall who refused to sign a non-disclosure agreement. IBM soon
>> >> returned to Bill Gates and gave Microsoft the contract to write the
>> >> new operating system, one that would eventually wipe Kildall's CP/M
>> >> out of common use.
>> >>
>> >> The "Microsoft Disk Operating System" or MS-DOS was based on QDOS, the
>> >> "Quick and Dirty Operating System" written by Tim Paterson of Seattle
>> >> Computer Products, for their prototype Intel 8086 based computer.
>> >>
>> >> QDOS was based on Gary Kildall's CP/M, Paterson had bought a CP/M
>> >> manual and used it as the basis to write his operating system in six
>> >> weeks, QDOS was different enough from CP/M to be considered legal.
>> >>
>> >> Microsoft bought the rights to QDOS for $50,000, keeping the IBM deal
>> >> a secret from Seattle Computer Products.
>> >>
>> >> Gates then talked IBM into letting Microsoft retain the rights, to
>> >> market MS DOS separate from the IBM PC project, Gates proceeded to
>> >> make a fortune from the licensing of MS-DOS.
>> >>
>> >> In 1981, Tim Paterson quit Seattle Computer Products and found
>> >> employment at Microsoft.
>> >>
>> >> "Life begins with a disk drive." - Tim Paterson
>> >>
>> >> *The Jargon Dictionary
>> >> Version 4.0.0, 24 July 1996, Computer terms.
>> >>
>> >> Next Chapter > The Apple Lisa and the Birth of the Graphical Interface
>> >> or Consumer GUI
>> >>
>> >> all artwork ©MaryBellis
>> >>
>> >> Subscribe to the Inventors Newsletter
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> ****************
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> On Wed, 07 Jul 2004 15:53:40 GMT, W_B <no_one@nowhere.net> wrote:
>> >>
>> >> >On Wed, 07 Jul 2004 06:56:03 -0400, "Joel M. Eichen, D.D.S." <joeleichen@yahoo.com> wrote:
>> >> >
>> >> >>The operating systems he stole from Digital. Oh wait. He paid $50,000
>> >> >>them for the code. IBM bought it and thought it was Bill's.
>> >> >
>> >> >Nope, Bill *licensed* it to IBM before he actually bought it.

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