Expression of cancer-testis antigens as possible targets for antigen-specific immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
- From: Matti Narkia <mna@xxxxxxxx>
- Date: Sun, 22 Apr 2007 00:22:39 +0300
Atanackovic D, Blum I, Cao Y, Wenzel S, Bartels K, Faltz C, Hossfeld
DK, Hegewisch-Becker S, Bokemeyer C, Leuwer R.
Expression of cancer-testis antigens as possible targets for
antigen-specific immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell
carcinoma.
Cancer Biol Ther. 2006 Sep;5(9):1218-25. Epub 2006 Sep 9.
PMID: 16929165 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=16929165&dopt=Abstract>
"Cancer-Testis (CT) antigens are by definition expressed in
tumor but not in healthy tissue except testis and might
represent ideal targets for antigen-specific immunotherapy.
Here, we present the first comprehensive analysis of CT
antigen expression in patients with head and neck squamous
cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Tumor samples (N = 51), and adjacent
healthy tissue from patients with HNSCC were analyzed for the
expression of 23 genes designated CT antigens using RT-PCR.
Patient sera (N = 39) were screened for IgG antibody
responses against NY-ESO-1, MAGEA3, and SSX2. According to
their expression pattern antigens were divided into four
groups. ADAM2, LIP1, SLLP1, AKAP3, CTAGE, ZNF165, CAGE, and
FTHL17 were expressed in tumor and healthy tissue at
comparable frequencies. NY-TLU-57, GAGE1, SAGE1 were
expressed more frequently in tumor samples than in healthy
tissues. TPTE, LDHC, SPO11 were expressed neither in tumor
samples nor in healthy tissue. 9 CT antigens were expressed
only in the tumor tissue and may represent ideal candidates
for active immunotherapy in HNSCC: MAGEA3 was expressed in
72%, SSX1 in 45%, MAGEC2 in 33%, MAGEC1 in 28%, BAGE in 17%,
SSX2 in 16%, SCP1 in 12%, NY-ESO-1 in 6%, and HOM-TES-85 in
4% of cases. 86% of tumor samples expressed at least one, 69%
expressed at least two, and 43% expressed at least three of
these antigens. Three patients showed an antibody response
against NY-ESO-1. In conclusion, we demonstrate here that
HNSCC frequently express CT antigens. Furthermore, a
relatively high percentage of tumors express more than one CT
antigen opening the perspective for polyvalent antigen-
specific immunotherapy."
Cancer/Testis Antigens, Gametogenesis and Cancer
<http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/510222>
<http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/510222_print>
"Cancer/testis (CT) antigens, of which more than 40 have now
been identified, are encoded by genes that are normally
expressed only in the human germ line, but are also expressed
in various tumour types, including melanoma, and carcinomas
of the bladder, lung and liver. These immunogenic proteins
are being vigorously pursued as targets for therapeutic
cancer vaccines. CT antigens are also being evaluated for
their role in oncogenesis -- recapitulation of portions of
the germline gene-expression programme might contribute
characteristic features to the neoplastic phenotype,
including immortality, invasiveness, immune evasion,
hypomethylation and metastatic capacity."
Cancer Vaccines Targeted Against Cancer/Testis Antigens
<http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/510222_side2>
"Cancer Vaccines Targeted Against Cancer/Testis Antigens
Cancer/testis (CT) antigens are ideal targets for cancer
vaccines because of their highly restricted expression
patterns in normal tissues and their expression in a wide
range of human tumour types. In addition, CT antigens such as
NY-ESO-1 can have strong spontaneous immunogenicity in
humans, inducing an integrated response involving both
cellular and humoral arms of the immune system. To construct
maximally immunogenic vaccines targeting CT antigens, a range
of different vaccine strategies are being explored and
compared in ongoing clinical trials, including the use of
peptide, protein, DNA and RNA as well as viral and bacterial
vectors. The objective is to develop immunization protocols
that consistently induce effector and memory CD8+ and CD4+ T
cells with high affinity for naturally processed CT antigens
and the capacity to home to tumours. Because of recent
advances in immunological monitoring technologies, the immune
responses to cancer vaccines can be dissected in great detail
and the relation between vaccine induced immune responses and
therapeutic benefit can now be realistically assessed.
2005;5(8):615-625. ©2005 Nature Publishing Group"
--
Matti Narkia
.
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