Cancers in Thailand
- From: J <nswex@nalid;anon>
- Date: Mon, 24 Sep 2007 15:44:26 -0400
< http://jjco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/suppl_1/S82 >
© 2002 Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research
Cancer Control in Thailand
Vanchai Vatanasapt1, Supannee Sriamporn2 and Patravoot Vatanasapt3,+
1Cancer Unit and 3Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and
2Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen
University, Thailand
Cancer in Thailand is becoming a significant health problem. It is the
leading cause of death in Thailand. Several cancers can be prevented by a
nationwide campaign of health education to prevent raw fish intake and an
antismoking campaign. An appropriate cervical cancer and breast cancer
screening program can improve the recent prevalence of both and lead to
better results of treatment. Research related to the carcinogenesis
mechanism of certain cancers can lead to greater understanding and a
better plan of control.
+ For reprints and all correspondence:
<
http://www.who.int/bookorders/anglais/detart1.jsp?sesslan=1&codlan=1&codcol=77&codcch=34>
Volume II, 1992-1994
IARC Technical Report, No 34
ISBN-13 9789283224068 ISBN-10 928322406X
Order Number 17700034
Price CHF 30.00 / US$ 27.00 Developing countries: CHF
21.00
English 1999 135 pages
Summary
Presents data on cancer incidence gathered from five population-based
cancer registries in different regions of Thailand, and compares these
data with data on cancer incidence from other parts of the world. Apart
from offering a comprehensive overview of cancer incidence in Thailand,
the book uncovers a number of geographical differences in incidence,
suggesting important behavioural, environmental, or industrial risk
factors that deserve further study.
Survival data from two registries are also presented and discussed.
The opening chapters provide background information about the country and
its population, describe the sources of data maintained in the five
registries, and discuss the methods of data coding and analysis used in
the study.
Against this background, results are presented separately for each of 15
cancers and for childhood cancer.
For each cancer, the number of cases registered in 1992-1994 is shown, by
sex, with age-specific incidence rates and some summary rates.
The study uncovered striking geographical variations in the incidence of
specific cancers.
For the country as a whole, the highest incidences were found for cancers
of the liver, lung, colon and rectum, oral cavity, bladder, stomach,
leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and cancers of the nasopharynx and
oesophagus.
For each cancer, data are set out in numerous tables, compared with
findings from other countries, and discussed in terms of possible risk
factors.
Primary cancer of the liver was identified as the leading cancer of males
and the third most important cancer in females.
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< http://www.cancerbackup.org.uk/Cancertype/Liver/Primarylivercancer >
Causes of primary liver cancer
In the Western world, most people who develop hepatoma usually also have a
condition called cirrhosis of the liver. This is a fine scarring
throughout the liver which is due to a variety of causes including
infection and heavy alcohol drinking over a long period of time. However,
only a small proportion of people who have cirrhosis of the liver develop
primary liver cancer.
Infection with either the hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus can lead to
liver cancer and can also be the cause of cirrhosis, which increases the
risk of developing hepatoma.
People who have a rare condition called haemochromatosis, which causes
excess deposits of iron in the body, have a higher chance of developing
hepatoma.
In Africa and Asia a poison called aflatoxin, found in mouldy peanuts and
grain, is a major cause of hepatoma.
Bile duct cancers (cholangiocarcinomas) are less common than hepatomas.
The cause of most bile duct cancers is unknown, but they are slightly more
likely to occur in people with conditions which cause inflammation of the
bowel, such as ulcerative colitis. In Africa and Asia, infection with a
parasite known as the liver fluke is thought to cause many
cholangiocarcinomas.
In the Western world, cancer of the liver usually occurs in middle-aged
and elderly people, although rarely it can also affect children and young
adults. In Africa and Asia it often occurs in young adults.
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<
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12718642&dopt=AbstractPlus
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2001;2(2):117-121.Links
Epidemiology of Liver Cancer in Thailand.
Srivatanakul P.
National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
petchar@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The cancer registry is an essential part of any rational programme of
cancer control. The information is the primary resource for
epidemiological research and for planning and evaluating health services
for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Epidemiological
research, based on comprehensive cancer registration, remains the most
valid and efficient way to plan and evaluate all aspects of cancer
control. The estimated incidence of primary liver cancer in Thailand is
very high, Liver cancer is the leading cancer in males and third in
frequency in females. There is a very marked regional variation, with the
highest incidence in the northeast, the age - standardized incidence rate
of liver cancer in Khon Kaen is highest in the world. The percentage of
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) varies greatly
between regions. In Thailand, chronic infections with hepatitis B virus
and the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini are the major risk factors for
the development of HCC and CCA, respectively. Primary prevention is an
important approach for prevention and control of liver cancer.
PMID: 12718642 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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<
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=PubMed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7982745&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus
: Int J Parasitol. 1994 Sep;24(6):833-43.Click here to read Links
Parasite-associated morbidity: liver fluke infection and bile duct
cancer in northeast Thailand.
Sithithaworn P, Haswell-Elkins MR, Mairiang P, Satarug S, Mairiang E,
Vatanasapt V, Elkins DB.
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University,
Thailand.
Infection with the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, remains a
major public health problem in Northeast Thailand, where approximately
one-third of the population is infected. The northeast region is largely
populated by Laos-descendent Thais who enjoy eating raw fish, which
harbour the infective stage of the fluke. The parasite has maintained its
presence in the population despite the widespread use of praziquantel and
dissemination of health education material throughout the region by
vigorous government-sponsored programs in recent years. The most severe
consequence of liver fluke infection is cholangiocarcinoma, i.e. cancer of
the bile duct epithelium. Although mortality due to the parasites alone
appears to be uncommon, cholangiocarcinoma arising as a result of
infection is one of the leading causes of death in the region. This paper
reviews the pathogenesis of infection and the geographic, hospital-based
and community studies which demonstrate the close relationship between
infection and cancer. In addition, data from the Cancer Registry of Khon
Kaen, Northeast Thailand and population-based studies using
ultrasonography to visualize early tumours which illuminate the very high
frequency of the cancer among heavily infected individuals and communities
are discussed. Finally, the paper will close with a brief commentary on
the prospects for control of the parasite and its likely impact on the
frequency of cancer given the current epidemiological situation of liver
fluke infection.
PMID: 7982745 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Links
* Prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini infection and incidence of
cholangiocarcinoma in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand. [Trop Med Int Health.
2004]
* Cross-sectional study of Opisthorchis viverrini infection and
cholangiocarcinoma in communities within a high-risk area in northeast
Thailand. [Int J Cancer. 1994]
* Liver fluke infection and cholangiocarcinoma: model of endogenous
nitric oxide and extragastric nitrosation in human carcinogenesis. [Mutat
Res. 1994]
* Multistage carcinogenesis of liver-fluke-associated
cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand. [Princess Takamatsu Symp. 1991]
* Ultrasound screening for Opisthorchis viverrini-associated
cholangiocarcinomas: experience in an endemic area. [Asian Pac J Cancer
Prev. 2006]
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