Re: Double Blind Bind

From: hickwithverylitlelyme (hickwithverylitlelyme_at_somewhere.net)
Date: 06/12/04 

Date: Sat, 12 Jun 2004 09:25:06 -0400

OTHER FAR MORE REPUTABLE LABS HAVE PROVEN DIFFERENTLY

CASE CLOSED.....

CIPIRO SALES PITCH......

<William@Occam.com> wrote in message
news:0qtlc0ppr60tqt22p94sfre8p89pik1s8p@4ax.com...
> Have you read the articles that I posted recently?
>
> Here's some of the text from J. Wound Care. (2004) 13:154-155. Note
> the use of ASAP.
>
> Three samples of colloidal silver were tested:
> . One sample which is available commercially on
> the internet
> . Two samples which were prepared in our laboratory
> using standard chemical methods, whereby a
> silver nitrate solution was reduced with either
> tannic acid or sodium citrate.
>
> The commercially available sample was the ASAP
> Sporicidal Strength solution (lot: 030337, expiry
> date: February 2005), labelled as containing 22ppm
> silver in purified water. The particle size is about
> 10nm (manufacturer's specification). This was provided
> for research purposes by American Biotech
> Labs (Alpine, Utah, USA).
>
> The reduction with tannic acid was carried out
> using the procedure described by James.14 To 500ml
> of doubly distilled water, 20ml of 0.1M silver nitrate
> solution and 5ml of 0.1% tannic acid solution were
> added. The mixture was heated to 70-80°C, and
> 10ml of 1% sodium carbonate solution was added
> to portions that were continually stirred, yielding a
> clear, tea-coloured, colloidal silver solution.
> The third sample was prepared according to the
> method described by Bell and Myrick.15 500ml of
> 3.83 x 10-3 M silver nitrate solution in doubly distilled
> water was heated to boiling point, and 3ml of
> 0.442M sodium citrate was added to it drop by drop
> over one hour, during which time the solution was
> stirred vigorously, producing a cloudy, greyish colloidal
> solution. This was then boiled for one hour,
> cooled and its volume made up to 500ml with distilled
> water.
>
> Transmission electron microscopy was used to
> determine the size of the silver particles. The solution
> prepared with tannic acid had particles of
> 10-30nm in size, while those in the solution prepared
> with sodium citrate were 20-50nm.
> The 22ppm, 403ppm (with tannic acid) and
> 413ppm (with sodium citrate) colloidal silver solutions
> were tested using the agar-well diffusion assay.
> Ciprofloxacin 0.3% eye/ear solution (Deepak Enterprises,
> New Delhi, India) was used as the control
> agent. The test organisms were:
> . Staphylococcus aureus NCTC-08532
> . Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIMB-8626
> . Escherichia coli NCIMB-8545
> . Proteus mirabilis NCTC-11938
> . Bacillus cereus NCTC-02599
> . Aspergillus niger (our own isolate).
> Mueller-Hinton agar CM337 (Oxoid, Basingstoke,
> UK) was used to culture the organisms. Microorganisms
> (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
> Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis) cultured from
> the ears of consenting patients with chronic suppurative
> otitis media were also included in the test.
> The plates were seeded with the test organisms,
> and 150µl of each test agent was transferred into
> the wells. In addition, an agar-disk diffusion assay
> was performed with a standard set of antibiotics in
> Mastring-S M41disks (Mast Diagnostics, Mast Laboratories,
> UK). After 24 hours of incubation, zones
> of inhibition on the plates were measured.
> In another test series, the standard test procedure
> of the Association of Official Analytical Chemistry
> was used to compare the phenol coefficient against
> colloidal silver and two disinfectants:
> . Savlon (Novartis)
> . Ethanol (absolute, 99%).
> Phenol coefficient is a numerical value that compares
> the bactericidal concentration of a disinfectant
> with that of phenol. This value is obtained by dividing
> the greatest dilution of disinfectant capable of
> killing bacteria in 10 minutes by the greatest dilution
> of phenol showing the same results.
>
> Test bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa
> NCIMB-8626 and Staphylococcus aureus NCTC-
> 08532. Bacterial growth was monitored in nutrient
> broth CM1 (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) by visual
> inspection of turbidity in the test tubes.
>
> Results
> None of the three colloidal silver solutions tested
> had any effect on the growth of the test organisms,
> including Aspergillus niger, in the agar-well diffusion
> assay. All of the test bacteria were sensitive to
> ciprofloxacin, with zones of inhibition of 29-48mm
> (after subtraction of the well diameter of 5mm), and
> to one or more of the standard antibiotics.
> Colloidal silver 22ppm also showed no bactericidal
> activity in the phenol coefficient tests. Phenol
> coefficients of Savlon for Staphylococcus aureus and
> Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 3.75 and 1.11 respectively;
> for ethanol they were 0.04 and 0.03.
>
> Discussion and conclusion
> These results show that colloidal silver does not
> demonstrate any antibacterial potency when tested
> in vitro using standardised methods.
> Our results are in accordance with those of Spratt
> et al., who reached the same conclusions with a different
> set of bacterial isolates.16 In their study the
> bactericidal effect of 5ppm colloidal silver, 2.25%
> sodium hypochlorite, 0.2% chlorhexidine, 10%
> iodine and phosphate-buffered saline as a control
> was investigated against single-species biofilms of
> Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus micros,
> Streptococcus intermedius, Fusobacterium nucleatum
> and Enterococcus faecalis. Hypochlorite, chlorhexidine
> and iodine had a bactericidal effect against all
> strains. Colloidal silver was generally ineffective,
> even after one hour of contact with the biofilms.
> We can only speculate about the positive laboratory
> results presented on the internet. These might
> be related to impurities of the solutions and the
> presence of silver ions and oxidising agents resulting
> from the ionisation of the water by an electric
> current. Silver ions from silver salts such as silver
> nitrate and from preparations such as silver sulphadiazine
> that slowly release them have a strong bactericidal
> activity.1-4 This is in contrast to the absence
> of antimicrobial effects in metallic colloidal silver.
> Silver,8 who performs fundamental research on
> the genetics of silver resistance of silver-binding
> bacteria, warned that 'the wide and uncontrolled
> use of silver products may result in more bacteria
> developing resistance, analogous to the worldwide
> emergence of antibiotic and other biocide-resistant
> bacteria'.
>
> Since colloidal silver did not show any antimicrobial
> effect in vitro on common pathogenic microorganisms,
> claims of its potency are misleading and
> there is no place for it as an antiseptic.