Re: NIH Intramural Study

a_weisman_at_yahoo.com
Date: 01/12/05 

Date: 12 Jan 2005 07:14:35 -0800

Neurolyme@HotMail.com wrote:
> Phyllis,
>
> Your condescending and evasive response is typical of the self
> appointed "leadership" of the Lyme community and is deserving of the
> type of vitriole y'all have been receiving from Weisman et al.
>
> This question is actually for Weisman, who in one of his lengthy
> threads posted a quote by Klempner that PCR positive subjects would
be
> directed to the contemporaneous intramural NIH study.
>
> It may be my neuroborreliosis, but I have no memory of any discussion
> of that study in even the most minimal way. Was it completed? What
> were the published results, if any?
>
> A_W,
>
> I posted this under a new thread, since the previous posts were so
> numerous that I couldn't find the original post. Also, if there is
> indeed useful information, it might be helpful to have it all
> consolidated under one thread.
>
> NeuroLyme
>
>
>
> pmerv@direcway.com wrote:
> > if you go to PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi
> > and type in "marques a neuroborreliosis" or just "marques ar" you
> will
> > find a few things. Marques' name appears on at least one "post-Lyme
> > disease syndrome" paper, and she is also looking into autoimmunity.
> You
> > might try contacting Sandy mas74@aol and see what she knows about
it.

I know what you mean Neurolyme. Instead of providing an answer
directly, she provides references to other sources. Why?

Hard to grok.

Anyway, here is a list of abstracts in which Marques was an author or
coauthor, some probably didn't arise from the study, some came before
useful study results (if there were any) would have been available.

Notice that she's big on the C6 test, and the advocacy for that test is
something coming from this study, along with the matrix
metalloproteinases stuff that Klempner and she seem to be pushing as a
"useful" marker for neurolyme.

What I see is that the more we keep pushing for a "reliable diagnostic
test" as some kind of Holy Grail in Lyme (this is a big part of the LDA
agenda and the national bill disaster that hopefully will never come to
be) the more likely we end up with that lousy crappy C6 test which if
anything is worse in detecting chronic Lyme (or uncured Lyme as Art
Doherty put it) than the texas two step ELISA/WB combo according to all
patient and llmd reports (if they're to be trusted).

What I do NOT see is all the blockbuster info from the intramural study
that some of the patient participants reported, particularly evidence
of persisting infection despite prior treatment and treatment in the
study.

Is that stuff buried? Or still to come out?

I don't know.

I do know that if it remains buried and never presented, it won't be
FOIAble. So all the spinal taps and pain and suffering could go for
naught.

By the way I'm not sure if the last abstract is even her, but it came
up under a search for Marques and is Lyme related.

----------------------------------------------------------------
J INFECT DIS: Matrix metalloproteinases in the cerebrospinal
fluid of patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis

------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHORS: Perides G, Charness ME, Tanner LM, Peter O, Satz N,
Steere AC, Klempner MS
ORGANIZATION: Tupper Research Institute, Tufts University School of
Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston,
Massachusetts 02111, USA.
REFERENCE: J Infect Dis 1998 Feb;177(2):401-8
ABSTRACT:

Neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease include meningitis,
encephalopathy, and cranial and peripheral neuropathy. There are
no sensitive markers for neuroborreliosis, and diagnosis is often
based on clinical presentation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
abnormalities, including intrathecal antibody production. Matrix
metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in CSF was compared in patients
with neuroborreliosis, patients with diverse neurologic disorders,
and healthy controls. The CSF of 17 of 18 healthy subjects and 33 of
37 patients with neurologic symptoms and normal CSF and imaging
studies contained only MMP2. The CSF of several patients with
neurologic disorders contained MMP2, MMP9, and gelatinolytic activity
at 130 and 250 kDa. The 130-kDa MMP was found without the 92-kDa
MMP9 in the CSF of 11 (79%) of 14 patients with neuroborreliosis and
only 7 (6%) of 118 control patients (P < .001). This pattern of CSF
gelatinase activity may be a useful marker for neuroborreliosis.

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1: Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2004 Fall;4(3):261-72.

Research opportunities on human neuroborreliosis.

Gelderblom H, Martin R, Marques AR.

Cellular Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute
of
Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda,
Maryland, USA.

A workshop, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, was
convened in September 2001 to evaluate the current knowledge in
neurological Lyme disease. The meeting was centered into discussion of
both clinical and basic aspects of the disease. Participants included
researchers from the fields of infectious diseases, neurology,
rheumatology, autoimmunity and basic immunology, largely but not
exclusively focused on Lyme disease. This report summarizes the
presentations made at the meeting.

PMID: 15631071 [PubMed - in process]

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15: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004 Aug;23(8):615-8. Epub 2004
Jul 08.

Pre-treatment and post-treatment assessment of the C(6) test in
patients with persistent symptoms and a history of Lyme borreliosis.
Fleming RV, Marques AR, Klempner MS, Schmid CH, Dally LG, Martin DS,
Philipp MT.

Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, 650 Albany
Street, Room 620, Boston, MA 02118, USA.

It was recently reported that antibody to C(6), a peptide that
reproduces an invariable region of the VlsE lipoprotein of Borrelia
burgdorferi, declined in titer by a factor of four or more in a
significant proportion of patients after successful antibiotic
treatment of acute localized or disseminated Lyme borreliosis. The
present study evaluated the C(6) test as a predictor of therapy outcome
in a population of patients with post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome.
The serum specimens tested were from patients with well-documented,
previously treated Lyme borreliosis who had persistent musculoskeletal
or neurocognitive symptoms. All of the patients had participated in a
recent double-blind, placebo-controlled antibiotic trial in which serum
samples were collected at baseline and 6 months thereafter, i.show
$132#e. 3 months following treatment termination. In this patient
population no correlation was found between a
decline of C(6) antibody titer of any magnitude and treatment or
clinical
outcome. Antibodies to C(6) persisted in these patients with
post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome following treatment, albeit at a
markedly lower prevalence and titer than in untreated patients with
acute disseminated Lyme disease. The results indicate that C(6)
antibody cannot be used to assess treatment outcome or the presence of
active infection in this population.

Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial

PMID: 15243815 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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32: Ear Hear. 2003 Dec;24(6):508-17.

Audiologic manifestations of patients with post-treatment Lyme disease
syndrome.

Shotland LI, Mastrioanni MA, Choo DL, Szymko-Bennett YM, Dally LG,
Pikus AT, Sledjeski K, Marques A.

Hearing Section, Neuro-Otology Branch, National Institute on Deafness
and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Larry.Shotland@med.va.gov

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize auditory
function in patients diagnosed with post-treatment Lyme disease
syndrome (PTLDS). DESIGN: Eighteen patients with PTLDS were evaluated
and compared to a normal population. Evaluations consisted of pure tone
and speech thresholds, word recognition (WRS), acoustic immittance
battery, auditory brain stem response (ABR), and loudness discomfort
level (LDL). Both seropositive and seronegative patients were
evaluated. Audiologists were blinded to patient status. RESULTS: Forty
four percent of the patients had one or more abnormal pure tone
thresholds compared to gender- and age-adjusted norms. Thirty-one
percent showed abnormally reduced LDLs, and 17% had abnormal acoustic
reflexes at one or more frequencies.
CONCLUSIONS: This paper catalogs previously unstudied long-term
auditory system sequelae resulting from PTLDS. Our most significant
finding was the dramatically reduced loudness tolerance in the presence
of either normal or minimally impaired hearing. The clinician is
encouraged to consider PTLDS when confronted with these or similar
findings in patients having history of Borrelia burgdorferi infection
and continued complaints.

PMID: 14663350 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

------------------------------------------------------------------------

35: J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Nov;41(11):4955-60.

C6 test as an indicator of therapy outcome for patients with localized
or
disseminated lyme borreliosis.

Philipp MT, Marques AR, Fawcett PT, Dally LG, Martin DS.

Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate
Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington,
Louisiana 70433, USA. Philipp@tpc.tulane.edu

Management of Lyme disease would benefit from a test to assess therapy
outcome. Such a test could be employed to ascertain if treatment of
early Lyme disease was successful and would be helpful to clinicians
assessing patients with lingering posttreatment symptoms. We reported
recently that levels of the antibody to C(6), a Borrelia
burgdorferi-derived peptide that is used as an antigen in the C(6)-Lyme
diagnostic test, declined after successful antibiotic treatment of Lyme
borreliosis patients. We assessed retrospectively the change in
anti-C(6) antibody titers in 131 patients with either early localized
disease (erythema migrans) or disseminated disease. All of these
patients were treated with antibiotics and were free of the clinical
signs shown at presentation within 12 weeks after the initiation of
treatment. Decreases in reciprocal geometric mean titers (rGMT) of the
anti-C(6) antibody were quantified for the subpopulation of 45 patients
whose baseline rGMT were >/=80 and whose second serum specimens were
obtained at least 6 months after the baseline specimen. Eighty percent
of this patient group (36 of 45) experienced a >/=4-fold decrease in
their rGMT (P < 0.0003). These results suggest that a change in the
anti-C(6) antibody titer may serve as an indicator of therapy outcome
for patients with localized or disseminated Lyme borreliosis.

PMID: 14605123 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

---------------------------------------------------------------------

40: J Infect Dis. 2003 Apr 15;187(8):1187-99. Epub 2003 Apr 02.

Comment in:
J Infect Dis. 2004 May 15;189(10):1962; author reply 1962-4.

Serodiagnosis of Lyme disease by kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay using recombinant VlsE1 or peptide antigens of Borrelia
burgdorferi compared with 2-tiered testing using whole-cell lysates.

Bacon RM, Biggerstaff BJ, Schriefer ME, Gilmore RD Jr, Philipp MT,
Steere AC, Wormser GP, Marques AR, Johnson BJ.

Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for
Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort
Collins, Colorado, USA.

In a study of US patients with Lyme disease, immunoglobulin (Ig) G and
IgM
antibody responses to recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi antigen VlsE1
(rVlsE1), IgG responses to a synthetic peptide homologous to a
conserved internal sequence of VlsE (C6), and IgM responses to a
synthetic peptide comprising the C-terminal 10 amino acid residues of a
B. burgdorferi outer-surface protein C (pepC10) were evaluated by
kinetic enzyme-linked immunoassay. At 99% specificity, the overall
sensitivities for detecting IgG antibody to rVlsE1 or C6 in samples
from patients with diverse manifestations of Lyme disease were
equivalent to that of
2-tiered testing. When data were considered in parallel, 2 combinations
(IgG responses to either rVlsE1 or C6 in parallel with IgM responses to
pepC10) maintained high specificity (98%) and were significantly more
sensitive than 2-tiered analysis in detecting antibodies to B.
burgdorferi in patients with acute erythema migrans. In later stages of
Lyme disease, the sensitivities of the in parallel tests and 2-tiered
testing were high and statistically equivalent.

PMID: 12695997 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

----------------------------------------------------------------------

52: J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Jul;40(7):2591-3.

Evaluation of the C6 peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for
individuals vaccinated with the recombinant OspA vaccine.

Marques AR, Martin DS, Philipp MT.

Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
20892, USA. amarques@niaid.nih.gov

The C6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), based on a peptide
(C6) that reproduces the sequence of invariable region 6 of VlsE, the
antigenic variation protein of Borrelia burgdorferi, has been shown to
be a sensitive and specific test for the serologic diagnosis of Lyme
disease. We now report that none of 29 uninfected individuals
vaccinated with the recombinant OspA vaccine had an antibody response
to the C6 peptide. The C6 peptide ELISA can be used to diagnose Lyme
disease in patients who have received the OspA vaccine.

PMID: 12089281 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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54: Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2001 Nov;1(6):541-9.

Lyme disease: an update.

Marques AR.

Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room
11N228, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1888, USA.
amarques@niaid.nih.gov

Lyme disease is a multisystem illness caused by the spirochete Borrelia
burgdorferi, and it is the most common vector-borne illness in the
United
States. Lyme disease is also endemic in Europe and Asia. There have
been major advances in the field since the disease was first described,
including the sequencing of the B. burgdorferi genome; an increase in
understanding of the interactions among the spirochete, the tick, and
the mammalian host; new and improved laboratory tests; and a vaccine
for prevention of the disease. Still, the diagnosis of Lyme disease
remains based on history and clinical findings, supplemented by careful
use of laboratory tests, and requires that the physician be familiar
with the disease's clinical manifestations and the shortcomings of the
available diagnostic tests.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial

PMID: 11892083 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

--------------------------------------------------------------------
61: Neurology. 2001 Dec 11;57(11):1980-5.

FLAIR and magnetization transfer imaging of patients with
post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome.

Morgen K, Martin R, Stone RD, Grafman J, Kadom N, McFarland HF, Marques
A.

Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1400, USA.

OBJECTIVE: To determine patterns of abnormalities on cerebral MRI that
may
characterize subgroups of patients with post-treatment Lyme disease
syndrome (PTLDS) and to help identify pathomechanisms of disease.
METHODS: The authors analyzed the distribution of cerebral lesions in a
cohort of 27 patients with PTLDS. A subgroup of eight patients with
PTLDS was further studied using whole-brain magnetization transfer
ratio measures to identify abnormalities not seen on T2-weighted
images. RESULTS: Four patients had focal neurologic deficits,
relapsing-remitting disease, and lesions in a distribution typical of
MS. Twenty-three patients presented with nonfocal symptoms such as
fatigue,
subjective memory deficits, and mood disturbance. Twelve of these
patients had normal MRI, including the more sensitive fluid-attenuated
inversion recovery sequence, 10 had primarily punctate and subcortical
lesions, and one patient had multiple periventricular lesions.
CONCLUSIONS: In a portion of patients with post-treatment Lyme disease
syndrome, white-matter hyperintensities tend to occur in subcortical
arteriolar watershed areas and are not specific. Magnetization transfer
ratio analysis did not provide evidence for structural
abnormalities of the brain parenchyma in patients with nonfocal
disease.

PMID: 11739813 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

----------------------------------------------------------------------
64: J Infect Dis. 2001 Oct 1;184(7):870-8. Epub 2001 Aug 30.

Antibody response to IR6, a conserved immunodominant region of the VlsE
lipoprotein, wanes rapidly after antibiotic treatment of Borrelia
Burgdorferi infection in experimental animals and in humans.

Philipp MT, Bowers LC, Fawcett PT, Jacobs MB, Liang FT, Marques AR,
Mitchell PD, Purcell JE, Ratterree MS, Straubinger RK.

Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health
Sciences
Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA. Philipp@tpc.tulane.edu

Invariable region (IR)(6), an immunodominant conserved region of VlsE,
the
antigenic variation protein of Borrelia burgdorferi, is currently used
for the serologic diagnosis of Lyme disease in humans and canines. A
longitudinal assessment of anti-IR(6) antibody levels in B.
burgdorferi-infected rhesus monkeys revealed that this level diminished
sharply after antibiotic treatment (within 25 weeks). In contrast,
antibody levels to P39 and to whole-cell antigen extracts of B.
burgdorferi either remained unchanged or diminished less. A
longitudinal analysis in dogs yielded similar results. In humans, the
anti-IR(6) antibody titer diminished by a factor of > or =4 in
successfully treated patients and by a factor of <4 in
treatment-resistant patients. This result suggests that the
quantification of anti-IR(6) antibody titer as a function of
time should be investigated further as a test to assess response to
Lyme disease therapy or to determine whether a B. burgdorferi infection
has been eliminated.

Publication Types:
Case Reports

PMID: 11550127 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

--------------------------------------------------------------------
73: J Autoimmun. 2001 May;16(3):187-92.

Molecular mimicry and antigen-specific T cell responses in multiple
sclerosis and chronic CNS Lyme disease.

Martin R, Gran B, Zhao Y, Markovic-Plese S, Bielekova B, Marques A,
Sung MH, Hemmer B, Simon R, McFarland HF, Pinilla C.

Neuroimmunology Branch, NINDS, NIH Building, 10 Room 5B-16, 10 Center
DR MSC 1400, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1400, USA. martinr@ninds.nih.gov

The concept of molecular mimicry provides and elegant framework as to
how
cross-reactivity between antigens from a foreign agent with self
proteins may trigger autoimmune diseases. While it was previously
thought that sequence and structural homology between foreign and self
proteins or the sharing of T cell receptor (TCR) and MHC-binding motifs
are required for molecular mimicry to occur, we have shown that even
completely unrelated peptide sequences may lead to cross-recognition by
T cells. The use of synthetic combinatorial peptide libraries in the
positional scanning format (PS-SCL) together with novel biometric
prediction approaches has allowed us to describe the recognition
profiles of individual autoreactive T cell clones (TCC) with
unprecedented accuracy. Through studies of myelin-specific TCC as well
as clones from the nervous system of patients suffering from chronic
central nervous (CNS) Lyme disease it has become clear that at least
some T cells are more degenerate than
previously anticipated. These data will not only help us to redefine
what
constitutes specific T cell recognition, but also allow us to study in
more detail the biological role of molecular mimicry. A recent clinical
trial with an altered peptide ligand (APL) of one of the candidate
myelin basic protein (MBP) epitopes in MS (amino acids 83-99) has shown
that such a modified MBP peptide may not only have therapeutic
efficacy, but also bears the potential to exacerbate disease. Thus, we
provide firm evidence that the basic principles of cross-recognition
and their pathogenetic significance are relevant in MS.
Copyright 2001 Academic Press.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial

PMID: 11334482 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

-------------------------------------------------------------------
79: J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Nov;38(11):4239-41.

Comment in:
J Clin Microbiol. 2001 Jul;39(7):2747.

Evaluation of a new culture medium for Borrelia burgdorferi.

Marques AR, Stock F, Gill V.

Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,
USA.

We evaluated the new MPM medium for the growth of Borrelia burgdorferi.
All 18 blood samples from 17 patients with Lyme disease were negative.
Growth studies showed that by day 4, most organisms in MPM were not
viable. Our results reinforce the use of BSK medium as the primary
choice for growing B. burgdorferi.

Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies

PMID: 11060098 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

---------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------

87: Nat Med. 1999 Dec;5(12):1375-82.

Comment in:
Nat Med. 1999 Dec;5(12):1346-7.

Identification of candidate T-cell epitopes and molecular mimics in
chronic Lyme disease.

Hemmer B, Gran B, Zhao Y, Marques A, Pascal J, Tzou A, Kondo T, Cortese
I,
Bielekova B, Straus SE, McFarland HF, Houghten R, Simon R, Pinilla C,
Martin R.

Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 5B-16, 10
Center DR MSC 1400, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1400, USA.

Elucidating the cellular immune response to infectious agents is a
prerequisite for understanding disease pathogenesis and designing
effective vaccines. In the identification of microbial T-cell epitopes,
the availability of purified or recombinant bacterial proteins has been
a chief limiting factor. In chronic infectious diseases such as Lyme
disease, immune-mediated damage may add to the effects of direct
infection by means of molecular mimicry to tissue autoantigens. Here,
we describe a new method to effectively identify both microbial
epitopes and candidate autoantigens. The approach combines data
acquisition by positional scanning peptide combinatorial libraries and
biometric
data analysis by generation of scoring matrices. In a patient with
chronic
neuroborreliosis, we show that this strategy leads to the
identification of potentially relevant T-cell targets derived from both
Borrelia burgdorferi and the host. We also found that the antigen
specificity of a single T-cell clone can be degenerate and yet the
clone can preferentially recognize different peptides derived from the
same organism, thus demonstrating that flexibility in T-cell
recognition does not preclude specificity. This approach has potential
applications in the identification of ligands in infectious diseases,
tumors and autoimmune diseases.

Publication Types:
Case Reports

PMID: 10581079 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

---------------------------------------------------------------------
88: J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Dec;37(12):3990-6.

Sensitive and specific serodiagnosis of Lyme disease by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay with a peptide based on an immunodominant conserved
region of Borrelia burgdorferi vlsE.

Liang FT, Steere AC, Marques AR, Johnson BJ, Miller JN, Philipp MT.

Department of Parasitology, Tulane Regional Primate Research Center,
Tulane University Medical Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA.

VlsE, the variable surface antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi, contains an
immunodominant conserved region named IR(6). In the present study, the
diagnostic performance of a peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA) based on a 26-mer synthetic peptide (C(6)) with the IR(6)
sequence was explored. Sensitivity was assessed with serum samples (n =
210) collected from patients with clinically defined Lyme disease at
the acute (early localized or early disseminated disease),
convalescent, or late disease phase. The sensitivities for acute-,
convalescent-, and late-phase specimens were 74% (29 of 39), 85 to 90%
(34 of 40 to 35 of 39), and 100% (59 of 59), respectively. Serum
specimens from early neuroborreliosis patients were 95% positive (19 of
20), and those
from an additional group of patients with posttreatment Lyme disease
syndrome yielded a sensitivity of 62% (8 of 13). To assess the
specificity of the peptide ELISA, 77 serum samples from patients with
other spirochetal or chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, or
neurologic diseases and 99 serum specimens from hospitalized patients
in an area where Lyme disease is not endemic were examined. Only two
potential false positives from the hospitalized patients were
found, and the overall specificity was 99% (174 of 176). Precision,
which was assessed with a panel of positive and negative serum
specimens arranged in blinded duplicates, was 100%. Four serum samples
with very high anti-OspA antibody titers obtained from four monkeys
given the OspA vaccine did not react with the C(6) peptide. This
simple, sensitive, specific, and precise ELISA may contribute to
alleviate some of the remaining problems in Lyme disease serodiagnosis.
Because of its synthetic peptide base, it will be inexpensive to
manufacture. It also will be applicable to serum specimens from
OspA-vaccinated subjects.

PMID: 10565920 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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101: Vet Parasitol. 1998 Jan 31;74(2-4):101-8.

Comparison between enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect
fluorescent
antibody and rapid conglutination tests in detecting antibodies against
Babesia bovis.

Araujo FR, Madruga CR, Leal CR, Schenk MA, Kessler RH, Marques AP,
Lemaire DC.

Universidade para o Desenvolvimento do Estado e da Regiao do Pantanal,
Brazil.

The performance of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an
indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and a rapid conglutination
test (RCT) for the detection of antibodies against Babesia bovis, was
evaluated with 462 cattle sera from Bahia State; Brazil. The results
showed a concordance of 96.6% between the ELISA and IFAT, 90.5% between
the ELISA and RCT, and 91.8% between the IFAT and RCT. Although the
prevalence rates determined by ELISA (97.2%) and IFAT (96.8%) were
higher than that indicated by the RCT (92.9%), performances of the
three serological tests were very similar and characterized the region
studied
as enzootically stable to B. bovis.
PMID: 9561698 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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