Re: Where's the FDA as the bodies pile up? FDA WARNINGS ON SILVER CRAP!
a_weisman_at_yahoo.com
Date: 01/29/05
- Next message: a_weisman_at_yahoo.com: "STOP THE LIES BRENT: THE TRUTH ABOUT SILVER CRAP!"
- Previous message: a_weisman_at_yahoo.com: "Re: Reminder: Orthomolecular Health Medicine Conference, San Francisco. Feb.24-27"
- In reply to: brent: "Where's the FDA as the bodies pile up?"
- Next in thread: brent: "Re: Where's the FDA as the bodies pile up? FDA WARNINGS ON SILVER CRAP!"
- Reply: brent: "Re: Where's the FDA as the bodies pile up? FDA WARNINGS ON SILVER CRAP!"
- Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ]
Date: 29 Jan 2005 06:33:29 -0800
Here's the FDA:
Between October 1993 and September 1994, the FDA issued warning
letters to five
colloidal silver marketers::
* Higher Education Library Publications (H.E.L.P.), of
Springfield, Utah,
was ordered to stop claiming that its colloidal silver product was
effective as
a natural antibiotic and might be effective against cancer,
genito-urinary
diseases, tuberculosis, and AIDS.
* Nutrition, Inc., of Arvada, Colorado, was ordered to stop
stating or
implying that its Silvicidal, when administered orally or
intravenously, was
nontoxic, FDA-approved, and was a broad-spectrum antibiotic that
killed
bacteria and all virus and fungal infections. In addition, it was
falsely
claimed to be effective against a long list of specific diseases.
* Reseau International of Cincinnati, Ohio was ordered to stop
claiming
that its colloidal silver product was a "natural antibiotic and
anti-inflammatory immune system stimulant" and that it was effective
against
cancer, staph, strep, influenza, general body infections,
inflammation,
impaired immune system, fungus toxicity, tonsillitis, Meniere's
symptoms,
whooping cough, shingles, syphilis, cholera, and malaria. The
labeling also
stated that colloidal silver could cause major growth stimulation of
human
tissues and can regenerate
* Silverado Inc., of Bountiful, Utah, was warned to stop making
false
claims that its colloidal silver product was effective as an
antibiotic,
anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-fungal agent and that it
could
stimulate the immune system.
* Unic, of Carmichael, California, was ordered to stop claiming
that its
colloidal silver product was effective against many diseases and
could heal
burn-damaged tissue without scarring.
In October 1996, the FDA proposed to ban the use of colloidal silver
or silver
salts in over-the-counter products [7]. A Final Rule banning such use
was
issued on August 17, 1999 and became effective September 16th. The
rule applies
to any nonprescription colloidal silver or silver salt product
claimed to be
effective in preventing or treating any disease [8]. Silver products
can still
be sold as "dietary supplements" provided that no health claims are
made for
them. During 2000, the FDA issued warnings to more than 20 companies
whose Web
sites were making illegal therapeutic claims for colloidal silver
products.
In 2000, the Federal Court of Australia banned Vital Earth Company
Pty Limited
and its director Darryl John Jones from falsely representing that the
colloidal
silver produced by their "Vital Silver 3000 Zapper," "Vital Silver
2000
Automatic" and "Vital Silver 2000":
* Can kill all disease-causing bacteria, fungi and virus within
six minutes
of contact
* Has no harmful side effects; that colloidal silver could be
used as an
antibiotic for all the acquired diseases of active AIDS
* Is effective with more than 650 different pathogenic bacteria
and virus
types
* Has been used successfully against diseases including AIDS,
cholera,
diabetes, leprosy, leukemia, lupus, skin cancer, syphilis and
whooping cough.
The company was also ordered to pay AUS$9000 in costs and to provide
refunds
[9].
In 2001, the FTC obtained consent agreements with two companies:
* Robert C. Spencer and Lisa M. Spencer, doing business as Aaron
Company
(Palm Bay, Florida). Colloidal silver has been medically proven to
kill over
650 disease-causing organisms in the body and is effective in curing
diseases
ranging from cancer and multiple sclerosis to HIV/AIDS [10].
* ForMor, Inc., doing business as ForMor International, and its
president,
Stan Gross (Birmingham, Alabama) agreed not to make unsubstantiated
claims that
colloidal silver is effective in treating over 650 infectious
diseases, has no
adverse side effects, and is effective against arthritis, blood
poisoning,
cancer, cholera, diphtheria, diabetes, dysentery, gonorrhea, herpes,
influenza,
leprosy, lupus, malaria, meningitis, rheumatism, shingles, staph
infections,
strep infections, syphilis, tuberculosis, whooping cough, and yeast
infections
[10].
In 2002, the FTC obtained a consent agreement with Kris Pletschke,
doing
business as Raw Health, agreed to stop making unsubstantiated claims
that its
colloidal silver product could treat or cure 650 different diseases;
eliminate
all pathogens in the human body in six minutes or less; and is
medically proven
to kill every destructive bacterial, viral, and fungal organism in
the body,
including anthrax, Ebola, Hanta, and flesh-eating bacteria [12].
In 2002, the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration amended its
rules so
that water-treatment products containing substances like colloidal
silver for
which therapeutic claims are made must meet the requirements of
medicines
included in the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods. This means
that such
products can no longer be legally marketed without proof that they
are safe and
effective for their intended purpose. The amendment was based on
clnclusions
that:
* There is little evidence to support therapeutic claims made for
colloidal
silver products;
* The risk to consumers of silver toxicity outweighs the value of
trying an
unsubstantiated treatment, and bacterial resistance to silver can
occur
* Efforts should be made to curb the illegal availability of
colloidal
silver products, which is a significant public health issue [11] .
brent wrote:
> Webmaster Note: Please copy and distribute these two FDA articles far
> and wide. You should especially copy and distribute Dr. Flick's
silver
> bibliography below. Sending multiple copies to the FDA and your
> elected public servants is important since the FDA (to whom we pay
> untold millions to research and investigate) alleges: "FDA is not
> aware of any substantial scientific evidence that supports the safe
> and effective use of colloidal silver ingredients or silver salts for
> any animal disease condition." ('animal' includes humans?) and "FDA
is
> not aware of any body of data that supports the use of colloidal
> silver for the various conditions listed in the labeling used with
> currently marketed products." They, apparently have not investigated
> the scientific and medical research referenced in the following
> bibiography. It is of further interest that the FDA promises to
> investigate and prosecute any silver colloid maker/seller/distributor
> on the basis of LABELING (marketing; i.e., via commerce clause)
alone.
> Therefore silver colloid is a non-issue whether one uses it or not -
> especially since extensive research data really does exist.
> SILVER COLLOID BIBLIOGRAPHY
> prepared by Dr. A. Bart Flick
> 1. Addicks, L. et al.: Silver in Industry, Reinhold Pub. Corp., NY
> 401-450, 584-597 (1940). Extensive bibliography on silver for water
> purification.
> 2. Akiyama, H. and Okamoto, S., Prophylaxis of indwelling urethral
> catheter infection: clinical experience with a modified Foley
catheter
> and drainage system, J. Urol., 121, 40, 1979.
> 3. Avakyan, Z.A., Comparative toxicity of heavy metals for certain
> microorganisms, Microbiology, 36, 366, 1967.
> 4. Baenziger, N.C., Description of the structure of three
> silver-containing drug complexes, First International Conference on
> Gold and Silver in Medicine, Bethesda, MD, May 13-14, 1987.
> 5. Barranco, S.D. and Colmano, G., Electrical Inhibition of
> Staphlococcus aureus, Virginia Medical, 646, 1976.
> 6. Barranco, S.D., Spadaro, J.A., Berger, T.J., and Becker, R.O., In
> vitro effect of weak direct current on staphlococcus aureus, Clinical
> Orthopaedics, 100, 250, 1974.
> 7. Becker, R.O., Electrical treatment of osteomyelitis, Surgery of
the
> Musculoskeletal System, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1983, 4, 10-
> 197.
> 8. Becker, R.O., The effect of electrically generated silver ions on
> human cells, First International Conference on Gold and Silver in
> Medicine, Bethesda, MD, May 13-14, 1987.
> 9. Becker, R.O., Effect of anodally generated silver ions on
> fibrosarcoma cells, Electro- and Magnetobio., 11, 57, 1992.
> 10. Becker, R.O. and Esper, C., Electrostimulation and undetected
> malignant tumors, Clin. Orthop., 161, 336, 1981.
> 11. Becker, R.O. and Spadaro, J.A., Treatment of Orthopedic
Infections
> with electrically generated silver ions, J. Bone Jt. Surgery., 60-A,
> 871, 1978.
> 12. Benvenisty, A.I., Tannenbaum, G., Ahlborn, T.N., Fox, C.L.,
Modak,
> S., Sampath, L., Reemtsma, K. and Nowygrod, R., Control of prosthetic
> bacterial infections: evaluation of an easily incorporated, tightly
> bound, silver antibiotic PTFE graft, J. Surg. Res., 44,1, 1988.
> 13. Berger, T.J., Spadaro, J.A., Chapin, S.E., and Becker, R.O.,
> Electrically generated silver ions: quantitative effects on bacterial
> and mammalian cells, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 9, 357, 1976.
> 14. Berger, T.J., Spadaro, J.A., Bierman, R., Chapin, S.E., and
> Becker, R.O., Antifungal properties of electrically generated
metallic
> ions, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 10, 856, 1976.
> 15. Block, Seymour, Ed.: Disinfection, Sterilization and
Preservation,
> Chapter 18; Lea & Febiger & Co., Philadelphia, 3rd Ed (1983).
> Extensive bibliography.
> 16. Bolton, L., Foleno, B., Means, B., and Petrucelli, S.,
> Direct-current bactericidal effect on intact skin, Antimicrob. Agents
> Chemother., 18, 137, 1980.
> 17. Bolton, M., The effects of various metals on the growth of
certain
> bacteria, Am. Phys., ?, 174, ?.
> 18. Bragg, P.D. and Rainnie, D.J., The effect of silver ions on the
> respiratory chain of Escherichia coli, Can. J. Microbiol., 20, 883,
> 1974.
> 19. Buckley, W.R.: Localized Argyria, Arch. Dermatol. 88: 531-539,
> 1963.
> 20. Bult, A., Silver sulfanilamides and related compounds for
> dermatological application, First International Conference on Gold
and
> Silver in Medicine, Bethesda, MD, May 13-14, 1987.
> 21. Burke, J.F., and Bondoc, C.C., Combined burn therapy utilizing
> immediate skin allografts and 0.5% AgNO3, Arch. Surg., 97, 716, 1968.
> 22. Burleson, R., and Eiseman, B., Mechanisms of antibacterial effect
> of biologic dressings, Ann. Surg., 177, 181, 1973.
> 23. Burleson, R., and Eiseman, B., Effect of skin dressings and
> topical antibiotics on healing of partial thickness skin wounds in
> rats, Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 136, 958, 1973.
> 24. Butts, A., The chemical properties of silver, Silver-Economics,
> Metallurgy, and Use, ed. Butts, A., Krieger, Huntington, NY 1975,
123.
> 25. Carr, H.S., Wlodkowski, T.J., Rosenkranz, H.S.,
> Silver-sulfadiazine: in vitro antibacterial activity, Antimicrob.
> Agents Chemother., 4, 585, 1973.
> 26. Chu, C.S., McManus, A.T., Okerberg, C.V., Mason, A.D., and
Pruitt,
> B.A., Weak direct current accelerates split-thickness graft healing
on
> tangentially excised second-degree burns, J. Burn Care Rehab., 12,
> 285, 1991.
> 27. Chu, C.S., McManus, A.T., Mason, A.D., Okerberg, C.V. and Pruitt,
> B.A., Multiple graft harvestings from deep partial-thickness scald
> wounds healed under the influence of weak direct current, J. Trauma,
> 30, 1044, 1990.
> 28. Chu, C.C., Tsai, W.C., Yao, J.Y., and Chiu, S.S., Newly made
> antibacterial braided nylon sutures. 1. In vitro qualitative and in
> vivo preliminary biocompatibility study, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 21,
> 1281, 1987
> 29. Cieszynski, T., Influence of negative electricity on infected
> callus and osteitis, Acta Morphologica Acad. Sci. Hung., 15, 309,
> 1967.
> 30. Collinge, C.A., Goll, G., Seligson, D. and Easly, K.J., Pin tract
> infections: silver vs. uncoated pins. Orthopedics, 17, 445, 1994.
> 31. Colmano, G., Medical Applications of monomolecular films of
> silver, gold and other metals, International Conference on Gold and
> Silver in Medicine, Bethesda, MD, May 13-14, 1987.
> 32. Colmano, G., and Barranco, S.D., Inhibition of staphlococcus
> aureus on a contaminated electrode in the femur of the rabbitt by low
> electrical current and its relation to stress, Biophys. J., 15, 28a,
> 1975.
> 33. Colmano, G., and Barranco, S.D., Staphlococcus aureus inhibition
> by low direct current on silver electrodes in the femur of rabbits.
> Fifty- third Annual meeting of the Virginia Academy of Science,
> Harrisonburg, VA, May 6-9, 1975.
> 34. Colmano, G., Edwards, S.S., Lesch, T.E., and Barranco, S.D.,
> Control of Staphlococcus aureus osteomyelitis by microampere
> activation of metal ions in monomolecular films on stainless steel
> pins, Fifty-Third Annual Meeting of the Virginia Academy of Science,
> Harrisonburg, VA, May 6- 9,
> 35. Colmano, G., Edwards, S.S., and Barranco, S.D. Activation of
> antibacterial silver coatings on surgical implants by direct current:
> preliminary studies in rabbits, _., 41, 964, 1980.
> 36. Colmano, G. , Edwards, S.S., Fainter, L.K. and Barranco, S. D.,
> Electronmicrographs of silver and stainless steel surgical implants
> coated with silver compounds to control S. Aureus by direct current
> activation, Twenty-eighth Annual ORS, New Orleans, LA, January 19-21,
> 1982.
> 37. Colmano, G., Edwards, S.S. and Barranco, S.L., Effects of low
> direct current on monomolecular layers of metal stearates coating
> electrodes in bacterial cultures and surgical implants, Symposium
URSI
> "Ondes Electro-magnetiques et Biologie", Jouy-en-Josas, Juillet,
1980,
> 149.
> 38. Colmano, G., Fainter, L.K., Edwards, S.S., and Barranco, S.D.,
SEM
> of S. aureus on current-activated surgical pins coated with silver
and
> silver stearate monolayers, Second Annual BRAGS, Oxford, U.K., Sept.
> 20-22, 1982.
> 39. Cowlishaw, J., Spadaro, J.A., Becker, R.A., Inhibition of enzyme
> induction in e. coli by anadoc silver, J. Bioelectricity, 1, 295,
> 1982.
> 40. Crannell, M.Y., Silver in Medicine, Silver-Economics, Metallurgy
> and Use, ed. Butts, A., Krieger, Huntington, NY, 1975, 227.
> 41. Cullen, J.M. and Spadaro, J.A., Axonal regeneration in the spinal
> cord: a role for applied electricity, J. Bioelectricity, 2, 57, 1983.
> 42. Danscher, G., Rytter Norgaard, J.O., and Baatrup, E.,
> Autometallography: tissue metals demonstrated by a silver enhancement
> kit, Histochemistry, 86, 465, 1987.
> 43. Deitch, E.A., Marino, A.A., Gillespie, T.E., and Albright, J.A.,
> Silver-nylon: a new antimicrobial agent, Antimicrob. Agents
> Chemother., 23, 356, 1983.
> 44. Deitch, E . A. , Marino, A. A . , Malaleonok, V. , and Alb richt,
> J . A . , Silver nylon cloth: in vitro and in vivo evaluation of
> antimicrobial activity, J. Trauma, 27, 301, 1987.
> 45. Doherty, P.J. and Williams, D.F., The response of cells and
> cellular enzymes to silver, presented at Biointeractions '87,
> Cambridge, U.K., July 6-8, 1987, 38.
> 46. Conahue, G.F., The analytical chemistry of silver,...
> 47. Eichhom, G.L., Shin, Y.A., Butzow, J.J., Clark, P., and Tarien,
> E., Interaction of metal ions with biological systems, with special
> reference to silver and gold, First International Conference on Gold
> and Silver in Medicine, Bethesda, MD, May 13-14, 1987.
> 48. Ellerman-Eriksen, S., Rungby, J., and Morgensen, S.C.,
> Autointerference in silver accumulation in macrophages without
> affecting phagocytic, migratory or interferon-producing capacity,
> Virchows Arch., B. 53, 243, 1987.
> 49. Ersek, R.A., and Navarro, J.A., Maximizing wound healing with
> silver impregnated porcine xenograft, Today's OR Nurse, 12, 4, 1990.
> 50. Ersek, R.A., and Denton, D.R., Cross-linked silver-impregnated
> skin for burn wound management, J. Burn Care Rehabil., 9, 476, 1988.
> 51. Ersek, R.A., Gadaria, U., and Denton, D.R., New natural wound
> dressing, Phys. Ther. Forum, 5, 1, 1986.
> 52. Ersek, R.A., and Denton, D.R., Silver-impregnated porcine
> xenograft for damaged or missing skin, Contemp. Surg., 23, 83, 1983.
> 53. Ersek, R.A., and Denton, D.R., Treatment of skin graft donor
sites
> using silver-impregnated porcine xenograft, Contemp. Orthop., 12, 27,
> 1986.
> 54. Ersek, R. A. and Denton, D . R. , Silver-impregnated porcine
> xenografts for treatment of meshed autografts, Plast. Surg., 13, 482,
> 1984.
> 55. ErsekR.A. and Lorio, J., The most indolent ulcers of the skin
> treated with porcine xenografts and silver ions, Surg. Gynecol.
> Obstet., 158, 431, 1984.
> 56. Ersek, R.A., and Denton, D.R., Rhinophyma: treatment with
> electrocautery and silver-impregnated porcine xenograft, Plast.
> Reconstr. Surg., 74, 269, 1984.
> 57. Ersek, R.A., and Hachen, H.J., Porcine xenografts in the
treatment
> of pressure ulcers, Ann. Plast. Surg., 5, 464, 1980.
> 58. Ersek, R.A., and Denton, D.R., Nail bed avulsions treated with
> porcine xenografts, J. Hand Surg., 10A, 152, 1985.
> 59. Ersek, R.A., Denton, D.R., Surak, G.M., and Peters, C.W.,
> Treatment of spider bites with silver-impregnated porcine xenografts,
> Texas Med., 81, 32, 1985.
> 60. Falcone, A.E., and Spadaro, J.A., Inhibitory effects of
> electrically activated silver material on cutaneous wound bacteria,
> Plast. Reconstruc. Surg., 77, 455, 1986.
> 61. Flick, A.B., Clinical application of electrical silver
> iontophoresis, First International Conference on Gold and Silver in
> Medicine, Bethesda, MD, May 13-14, 1987.
> 62. Flowers III, R.H., Schwenzer, K.J., Kopel, R.F., Fisch, M.J.,
> Tucker, S.I., and Farr, B.M., Efficacy of an attachable subcutaneous
> cuff for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infection.
> JAMA, 261, 878, 1989.
> 63. Fox, C.L., Jr.: Silver Sulfadiazine - A New Topical Therapy for
> Pseudomonas in Burns; Arch. Surg., 96, 184-188 (1968)
> 64. Fox, C.L. and Modak, S.M., Mechanism of silver sulfadiazine
action
> on burn wound infections, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 5, 582,
1974.
> 65. Fox, C.L. and Quintiliani, R., Uses of silver sulfadiazine in
> burns and surgical wounds, Inf. in Surg., 13, 1982.
> 66. Furst, A., Schlauder, M.C.: Inactivity of Two Noble Metals as
> Carcinogens; Jour. Environmental Pathology and Toxicology, 1, 51-57
> 67. Geddes, L.A., and Baker, L.E., chlorided silver electrodes, Med.
> Res. Eng., Third quarter, 33, 1967.
> 68. Golubovich, V.N., and Rabotnova, I.L., Kinetics of growth
> inhibition in Candida utilis by silver ions, Microbio., 43, 948,
1974.
> 69. Gristina, A.G., and Costerton, J.W., Bacterial adherence to
> Biomaterials and tissue, J. Bone Jt. Surg., 67-A, 264, 1985.
> 70. Gruen, L.C., Interaction of amino acids with silver ions,
Biochim.
> Biophys. Acta, 386, 270, 1975.
> 71. Haeger, K., Preoperative treatment of leg ulcers with silver
spray
> and aluminum foil, Acta Chir. Scand., 125, 32, 1963.
> 72. Hall, R.E., Bender, G., and Marquis, R.E., In vitro effects of
ion
> intensity direct current generated silver on eukaryotic cells, J.
Oral
> Maxillofac. Surg., 46, 128, 1988.
> 73. Hall, R.E., Bender, G., and Marquis, R.E., Inhibitory and cidal
> antimicrobial actions of electrically generated silver ions, J. Oral
> Maxillofac. Surg., 45, 779, 1987.
> 74. Halsted, W.S., Ligature and suture material: the employment of
> fine silk in preference to catgut and the advantages of transfixion
of
> tissues and vessels in control of hemorrhage - also an account of the
> introduction of gloves, gutta-percha tissue and silver foil, JAMA,
LX,
> 1119, 1913.
> 75. Harker, J.M., and Hunter, D.: Occupational Argyria, Br J.
> Dermatol. 47: 441-455, 1935.
> 76. Harrison, H.N., Pharmacology of Sulfadiazine silver, Arch. Surg.,
> 114, 281, 1979.
> 77. Haynes, J.L., and Schulte, T.H., Antibacterial silver surfaces
and
> assessment of needs and opportunities for clinical devices, First
> International Conference on Gold and Silver in Medicine, Bethesda,
MD,
> May 13-14, 1987.
> 78. Hendry, A.T., and Stewart, I.O., Silver-resistant
> enterobacteriaceae from hospital patients, Can. J. Microbiol., 25,
> 915, 1979.
> 79. Holder, I.A., Knoll, C.A., and Wesselman, J., Norfloxacin and
> silvernorfloxacin as topical antimicrobial agents: results of in
vitro
> susceptibility testing against bacteria and Candida sp. isolated from
> burn patients, First International Conference on Gold and Silver in
> Medicine, Bethesda, MD, May 13-14, 1987.
> 80. Janz, G.J., and Ives, D.J.G., Silver, silver chloride electrodes,
> Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., ?, 210, ?.
> 81. Jono, K., Yamano, T., Fujmoto, T., and Eguchi, Y.: Bactericidal
> Action of Active Carbon Coated With Silver and Its Application to
> Water Purifiers; J. Takeda Research Lab., 33, 9-18, (1974).
> 82. Jones, A.M., and Bailey, J.A.: Effect of Silver from Cloud
Seeding
> on Rabbits; Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 3/3, 353-363 (1974).
> 83. Kahn, J., Acetic acid iontophoresis for calcium deposits, Phys.
> Ther., 57, 658, 1977.
> 84. Kahn, J., Calcium iontophoresis in suspected myopathy, Phys.
Ther.
> 85. Kirchoff, D.A.: Localized Argyria After a Surgical Endodontic
> Procedure, Oral Surg. 32: 613-617, 1971.
> 86. Kramer, S.J., Spadaro, J.A. and Webster, D.A., Antibacterial and
> osteoinductive properties of demineralized bone matrix treated with
> silver, Clin. Orthop. Rell. Res., 161, 154, 1981.
> 87. Kul'skii, L.A., Savluk, O.S., Moroz, O.G., and Kornievakay, L.P.:
> Disinfection and Conservation of Water with Silver (Russian),
Aktualne
> Vodoprovedeniye Sanitarniy Mikrobiologii, 111 (1973).
> 88. Landeen, L.K., Yahya, M.T., Kutz, S.M., Gerba, C.P.:
> Microbiological Evaluation of Copper: Silver Disinfection Units for
> Use in Swimming Pools; Water Science Tech., 21, 3, 267-270 (1989).
> 89. Lee, J.V., Hibberd, M.L. and Stanley, S.C.: A Comparison of the
> Biocidal Properties of Silver Ions and Chloride Against Legionella
> Species; PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton
> Down, Salisbury SP4 OJG, England, DD3/2 AGREPORT (1989).
> 90. McHugh, G.L., Moellering, R.C., Hopkins, C.C. and Swartz, M.N.,
> Salmonella typhimurium resistant to silver nitrate, chloramphenicol
> and ampicilin, Lancet, ii, 235, 1975.
> 91. McNamara, A. and Williams, D.F., Scanning electron microscopy of
> the metal-tissue interface, Biomaterials, 3, 160, 1982.
> 92. MacKeen, P.C., Person, S., Warner, S.C., Snipes, W., and Stevens,
> S.E., Silver-coated nylon fiber as an antibacterial agent,
Antimicrob.
> Agents Chemother., 31, 93, 1987.
> 93. Madden, M.R., Nolan, E., Finkelstein, J.L., Yurt, R.W., Smeland,
> J., Goodwin, C.W., Hefton, J., and Staiano-Coico, L., Comparison of
an
> occlusive and semi-occlusive dressing and the effect of the wound
> exudate upon keratinocyte proliferation, J. Trauma, 29, 924, 1989.
> 94. Mahan, J., Seligson, D., Henry, S.L., Hynes, P., and Dobbins, J.,
> Factors in pin tract infections, Orthopedics, 14, 305, 1991.
> 95. Maki, D.G., Cobb, L., Garman, J.K., Shapiro, J.M., Ringer, M.,
and
> Helgerson, R.B., An attachable silver-impregnated cuff for prevention
> of infection with central venous catheters: a prospective randomized
> multicenter trial, Am. J. Med., 85, 307, 1988.
> 96. Marchant, R.E., Miller, K.M. and Anderson, J.M., In vivo
Leukocyte
> interactions with Biomer, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 18, 1169, 1984.
> 97. Marino, A.A., Malakonok, V., Albright, J.A., Deitch, E.A. and
> Specian, R.D., Electrochemical properties of silver-nylon fabrics, J.
> Electrochem. Soc., 132, 68, 1985.
> 98. Marino, A.A., Electromagnetic fields, cancer and the theory of
> neuroendocrine related promotion, Bioelectrochem. Bioenergetics, 29-
> 255, 1993.
> 99. Marino, A.A., Deitch, E.A., Malakanok, V., Albright, J.A., and
> Specian, R. D., Electrical augmentation of the antimicrobial activity
> of silver-nylon fabrics, J. Biol. Phys., 12, 93, 1984.
> 100. Marino, A.A., Malakanok, V., Deitch, E.A., and Albright, J.,
> Electrical properties of silver-nylon, Third Annual BRAGS, San
> Francisco, CA, Oct. 2-5, 1983, 36.
> 101. Marino, A.A., Deitch, E.A. and Albright, J.A., Electric silver
> antisepsis, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., BME-32, 336, 1985.
> 102. Marino, A.A., Berger, T.J., Becker, R.O. and Spadaro, J.A., The
> effects of selected metals on marrow cells in culture, Chem. Biol.
> Interactions, 9, 217, 1974.
> 103. Marshall, J.P., and Schneider, R.P.: Systemic Argyria Secondary
> to Topical Silver Nitrate, Arch. Dermatol. 113: 1077-1079, 1977.
> 104. Mears, D.C., Electron-probe microanalysis of tissue and cells
> from implant areas, J. Bone Joint Surg., 48B, 567, 1966.
> 105. Merril, C.R., Silver-stain detection of proteins separated by
> polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, First International Conference on
> Gold and Silver in Medicine, Bethesda, MD, May 13-14, 1987.
> 106. Modak, S.M. and Fox, F.L., Binding of silver sulfadiazine to the
> cellular components of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Biochem. Pharmacol.,
> 22, 2391, 1973.
> 107. Modak, S.M., Sampath, L., Fox, C.L. Combined use of silver
> sulfadiazine and antibiotics topically in burn wounds as a possible
> solution to bacterial resistance, First International Conference on
> Gold and Silver in Medicine, Bethesda, MD, May 13-14, 1987.
> 108. Modak, S.M., Sampath, Lester and Fox, C.L.: Combined Use of
> Silver Sulfadiazine and Antibiotics as a Possible Solution to
> Bacterial Resistance in Burn Wounds; Jour. Burn Care, Vol. 9, No. 4,
> p. 359 (July/Aug 1988).
> 109. Modak, S.M. and Fox, C.L. Sulfadiazine silver-resistant
> Pseudomonas in burns: new topical agents, Arch. Surg., 116, 854,
1981.
> 110. Nordenstrom, B.E.W. Biokinetic impacts of structure and imaging
> of the lung: the concept of biologically closed electric circuits.
> AJR, 145, 1985, 447.
> 111. Olcott, C.T.: Experimental Argyrosis, IV, Morphological Changes
> in the Experimental Animal; Am. Jour. of Pathology, 24, 813, (1948).
> 112. Orr, M.A., Electroplating....
> 113. Owen, M.C.R.: A Case History of 30 Years of Use With Silver
> Disinfected Drinking Water; Records of EPA Public Hearing on Revised
> Primary Drinking Water Regulations held Jan. 28, 1986.
> 114. Pareilleux, A. and Sizard, N., Lethal effects of electric
current
> on Escherichia coli. Appl. Microbiol., 19, 421, 1970.
> 115. Pariser, R.J., Generalized argyria: Clinopathologic Features and
> Histochemistry, Arch. Dermatol., 114; 373-377, 1978.
> 116. Parker, W.A.: Argyria and Cyanotic Heart Disease, Am. J. Hosp.
> Pharm. 34: 287-789, 1977.
> 117. Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Pergamon Press, Series A, Vol. 1.
> 127-130 (1976).
> 118. Pifer, J.W., Fridlander, B.R., Kintz, R.T., and Stockdale, D.K.,
> Absence of toxic effects in silver reclamation workers, Scand. J.
Work
> Environ. Health, 15, 210, 1989.
> 119. Polachek, A.A., Cope, C.B., Willard, B.S., and Enns, T.:
> Metabolism of Radioactive Silver in a Patient with Carcinoid; Jour.
> Lab. and Clinical Medicine, 56, 1976-1979 (1949).
> 120. Rich, L.L., Epinette, W.W., and Wasser, W.K.: Argyria Presenting
> as Cyanotic Heart Disease, Am J. Cardiol. 30: 290, 1972.
> 121. Rode, H. de Wet, P.M. and Cywes, S., Germicidal efficacy of
> silver sulfadiazine in burn wounds. First International Conference on
> Gold and Silver in Medicine, Bethesda, MD, May 13-14, 1987.
> 122. Ronchese, F.: Argyrosis and Cyanosis - Melanosis and Cyanosis,
> Arch. Dermatol. 80: 277-282, 1959.
> 123. Rosenberg, B., Van Camp, L., and Krigas, T., Inhibition of cell
> division in Escherrichia coli by electrolysis products from a
platinum
> electrode, Nature, 205, 1965.
> 124. Rosenkranz, H.S. and Carr, H.S., Silver sulfadiazine: effect on
> the growth and metabolism of bacteria, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.,
> 2, 948-951, 1972.
> 125. Rosenkranz, H. S., Coward, J.E., Wlodkowski, T.J. and Carr, H.
S.
> Properties of silver sulfadiazine-resistant enterobacter cloacae.
> Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 5, 199, 1974.
> 126. Rosenkranz, H.S. and Rosenkranz, S., Silver sulfadiazine:
> interaction with isolated deoxyribonucleic acid, Antimicrob. Agents.
> Chemother., 2, 373, 1972.
> 127. Rosenman, K.D., Moss, A., Kon, S. Argyria: Clinical Implications
> of Exposure to Silver Nitrate and Silver Oxide; Jour. Occupational
> Med. 21, 430-435 (1979)
> 128. Ross, E.M.: Argyria Caused by Chewing of Photographic Film, N
> Engl. J. Med. 299: 798, 1963.
> 129. Rowley, B.A., and McKenna, J.M. Electrical current effects on E.
> coli growth rates (36269), P.S.E.B.M., 139, 929, 1972.
> 130. Rungby, J., Experimental argyosis: ultrastructural localization
> of silver in rat eye, Exp. Mol. Pathol., 45, 22, 1986.
> 131. Rungby, J., Exogenous silver in dorsal root ganglia, peripheral
> nerve, enteric ganglia and adrenal medulla, Acta Neuropathol.
> (Berlin), 69, 46, 1986.
> 132. Rungby, J., Ellerman-Eriksen, S. and Danscher, G., Effects of
> selenium on toxicity and ultrastructural localization of silver in
> cultured macrophages, Arch. Toxicol., 61, 40, 1987.
> 133. Rungby, J., Huffman, P., and Ellermann-Eriksen, S., Silver
> affects viability and structure of cultured mouse peritoneal
> macrophages and peroxidative capacity of whole mouse liver, Arch.
> Toxicol., 59, 408, 1987.
> 134. Savluk, O.S.: Influence of Anodically Dissolved Silver on the
> Reticuloendothelial System in Test Animals (Russian); Vodopodgotovka
I
> Ochistka Promyshlennyh Stokov, 10, 72-77 (1973).
> 135. Schaefer, A.J., K.O. and Johnson, S.M., Effect of silver
> oxide/trichloroisocyanuric acid antimicrobial urinary drainage system
> on catheter associated bacteriuria, J. Urol., 139, 69, 1988.
> 136. Shafik, A., The electrified drain. A new device for sterilizing
> the field of drainage, Int. Surg., 78, 357, 1993.
> 137. Sobotka, H., Monomolecular laters,....
> 138. Spadaro, J.A., Silver anode inhibition of bacteria, First
> International Conference on Gold and Silver in Medicine, Bethesda,
MD,
> May 13-14, 1987.
> 139. Spadaro, J.A., Antibacterial effects of silver electrodes, Third
> Ann. Conf. Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. of IEEE, 1981, 215.
> 140. Spadaro, J.A., Bioelectric stimulation of bone formation:
> methods, models and mechanisms, J. Bioelect., 1, 99, 1982.
> 141. Spadaro, J.A., Electrically stimulated bone growth in animals
and
> man. Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res., 122, 325, 1977.
> 142. Spadaro, J.A., Bone formation aterial inhibition with silver and
> other electrodes, Reconstr. Surg. Traumat. 19, 40, 1985.
> 143. Spadaro, J.A., Electrical osteogenesis - role of the electrode
> material, Electrical Prop. Bone Cartillage, ?, 189, 1979.
> 144. Spadaro, J.A., Electrically enhanced osteogenesis at various
> metal cathodes, J. Biomed. Mat. Res., 16, 861, 1982.
> 145. Spadaro, J.A. and Becker, R.O., Function of implanted cathodes
in
> electrode-induced bone growth, Med. Biol. Eng. Compuit., 17, 769,
> 1979.
> 146. Spadaro, J.A. and Becker, R.O. Some specific cellular effects of
> electrically injected silver and gold ions, Bioelectrochem.
> Bioenergetics, 3, 49, 1976.
> 147. Spadaro, J.A. and Becker, R.O., Size-specific metal complexing
> sites in native collagen, Nature, 225, 1134, 1970.
> 148. Spadaro, J.A., Berger, T.J., Barranco, S.D., Chapin, S.E., and
> Becker, R.O., Antibacterial effects of silver electrodes with weak
> direct current, Microb. Agents. Chemother., 6, 637, 1974.
> 149. Spadaro, J.A., Chase, S.E., and Webster, D.A., Bacterial
> inhibition by electrical activation of percutaneous silver implants,
> J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 20, 565, 1986.
> 150. Spadaro, J.A., Kramer, S.J., and Webster, D.A., Antibacterial
> demineralized bone matrix using silver, 28th Annual ORS, New Orleans,
> LA, Jan. 19-21, 1982.
> 151. Spadaro, J.A., Mino, D.E. and Chase, S.E., Bone formation
without
> current: The effect of electrode motion, 30th Annual ORS, Atlanta,
GA,
> Feb. 7-9, 1984, 69.
> 152. Spadaro, J.A., Mino, D.E., Chase, S.E., Werner, F.W. and Murray,
> D.G., Mechanical factors in electrode-induced osteogenesis, J.
Orthop.
> Res., 4, 37, 1986.
> 153. Spadaro, J.A., Webster, D.A., Chapin, S.E., Yuan, H.A., Murray,
> D.G. and Becker, R.O. Silver-PMMA antibacterial bone cement, 24th
> Annual ORS, Dallas, TX, Feb. 21-23, 1978, 173.
> 154. Spadaro, J.A., Webster, D.A. and Chase, S.E., Direct current
> activation of bacteriostatic silver electrodes, Third Annual BRAGS,
> San Francisco, CA, Oct. 2-5, 1983.
> 155. Spadaro, J.A., Webster, D.A., and Becker, R.O., Silver
polymethyl
> methacrylate antibacterial bone cement, Clin. Orthop. 143, 266, 1979.
> 156. Spadaro, J.A., Webster, D.A., Kovach, J. and Chase, S.E.
> Antibacterial fixation pins with silver: animal models, 30th Annual
> ORS, Atlanta, GA, Feb. 7-9, 1984, 335.
> 157. Tarr, R., Luck, J.V., Snyder, S. and Mills, B., Laboratory
> experiences with silver electrode bone stimulation, 29th Annual ORS,
> Anaheim, CA, March 8-10, 1983, 253.
> 158. Taubes, G., An electrifying possibility, Discover, 7, 23, 1986.
> 159. Thibodeau, E.A., Handelman, S.L. and Marquis, R.E., Inhibition
> and killing of oral bacteria by silver ions generated with low
> intensity direct current, J. Dent. Res., 57, 922, 1978.
> 160. Thurman, R.B., and Gerba, C.P.: The Molecular Mechanisms of
> Copper and Silver Ion Disinfection of Bacteria and Viruses; CRC
> Critical Reviews in Environmental Control, Vol 18, Issue 4 (1989).
> Extensive bibliography.
> 161. Tsai, W.C., Chu, C.C., Chin, S.S. and Yao, J.Y., In vitro
> quantitative study of newly made antibacterial braided nylon sutures,
> Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 165, 207, 1987.
> 162. Vince, D.G. and Williams, D.F., Determination of silver in blood
> and urine by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry,
Analyst,
> 112, 1627,
> 163. Vince, D.G. and Williams, D.F., Systemic distribution of metals
> following implantation, presented at Biointeractions'87, Cambridge,
> U.K., July 6-8, 1987, 40.
> 164. Wataha, J.C., Hanks, C.T. and Craig, R.G., The effect of cell
> monolayer density on the cytotoxicity of metal ions which are
released
> from dental alloys, Dent. Mater., 9, 172, 1993.
> 165. Watts, S.H., The silver bolt as a means of fixing ununited
> fractures of certain long bones. Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin,
> April 1904, 135.
> 166. Webster, D.A., Spadaro, J.A., Kramer, S., and Becker, R.O.,
> Silver anode treatment of chronic osteomyelitis, Clin. Orthop., 1961,
> 105, 1981.
> 167. West, H.D., Johnson, A.P., and Johnson, C.W.: The Use of
> Radioactive Silver for the Detection of Abscesses and Tumors; Jour.
> Lab. and Clinical Medicine, 34, 1976-1979 (1949).
> 168. Whalberg, Vivian: The Crede Prophylaxis; Acta Paediatrica
> Scandinavica, Supplement 295, Stockholm 1982.
> 169. Williams, D.F. The biocompatibility of silver, First
> International Conference on Gold and Silver in Medicine, Bethesa, MD,
> May 13-14, 1987.
> 170. Williams, D.F., Definitions in Biomaterials, Essevier,
Amsterdam,
> 1987.
> 171. Williams, D.F., and Doherty, P.J. and Oliver, C., The analysis
of
> inflammatory exudates in the assessment of biocompatibility,
presented
> at Biointeractions '87, Cambridge, U.K., July 6-7, 1987, 22.
> 172. Williams, R.L., Doherty, P.J., Vince, D.G., Grashoff, G.J. and
> Williams, D.F., The biocompatibility of silver, Critical Reviews in
> Biocompatibility, 5, 221, 1989.
> 173. Williams, R.L. and Williams, D.F., Albumin absorption on metal
> surfaces, Biomaterials, 1988.
> 174. Williams, R.L. and Williams, D.F., The spatial resolution of
> protein absorption on ogeneous metallic biomaterials, J. Biomed.
> Mater. Res., 23, 339, 1989.
> 175. Williams, R.L. and Williams, D.F., The effect of albumin on the
> wettability of pure metal and metal oxide surfaces, J. Colloid
> Interface Sci., 126, 596, 1988.
> 176. Wlodkowski, T.J. and Rosenkranz, H.S., Antifungal activity of
> silver sulphadiazine, Lancet, 1972, 739.
> 177. Wysor, M.S. and Zollinhofer, R.E., On the mode of action of
> silver sulfadiazine, Pathol. Microbiol., 38, 296, 1972.
> 178. Wysor, M.S. and Zollinhofer, R.E., Silver
> phosphanilamidopyrimidine, Chemother. 18, 342, 1973.
> 179. Wysor, M.S. and Zollinhofer, R.E., Reactivity of silver
> sulfadiazine and the silver uracils with the glucose oxidase of
> Aspergillus niger, Enzyme, 14, 185, 1972-73.
> 180. Wysor, M.S. and Zollinhofer, R.E., Deoxyribonucleic acid repair
> replication in Pseudomonas aeroginosa after sublethal doses of silver
> sulfadiazine, Path. Microbiol. 39, 434, 1973.
> 181. Wolcott, L.E., Wheeler, P.C., Hardwicke, H.M. and Rowley, B.A.,
> Accelerated healing of skin ulcers by electrotherapy: preliminary
> clinical results, Southern Med. J., 62, 795, 1969.
> 182. Zimmerman, R.L., Piezoelectricity and biological materials, J.
> Bioelectricity, 1, 265, 1982.
> 183. Zmener, O. and Dominguez, F., Silver accumulations in periapical
> granulomas: report of five cases using the scanning electron
> microscope, the electron microprobe and other complementary methods,
> Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol., 65, 94, 1988.
- Next message: a_weisman_at_yahoo.com: "STOP THE LIES BRENT: THE TRUTH ABOUT SILVER CRAP!"
- Previous message: a_weisman_at_yahoo.com: "Re: Reminder: Orthomolecular Health Medicine Conference, San Francisco. Feb.24-27"
- In reply to: brent: "Where's the FDA as the bodies pile up?"
- Next in thread: brent: "Re: Where's the FDA as the bodies pile up? FDA WARNINGS ON SILVER CRAP!"
- Reply: brent: "Re: Where's the FDA as the bodies pile up? FDA WARNINGS ON SILVER CRAP!"
- Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ]