Re: TC's intellectual integrity.
From: Robert (RobertJ_at_hotmail.com)
Date: 03/24/05
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Date: Thu, 24 Mar 2005 00:29:16 -0800
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Sep;80(3):621-5. Related Articles, Links
Moderate wine drinkers have lower hypertension-related mortality: a
prospective cohort study in French men.
Renaud SC, Gueguen R, Conard P, Lanzmann-Petithory D, Orgogozo JM, Henry O.
Hospital Emile Roux, Pavillon Buisson Jacob, 94456 Limeil-Brevannes, France.
serge.renaud@erx.ap-hop-paris
BACKGROUND: For a given blood pressure, the risk of death from coronary
artery disease is much higher in northern Europe and the United States than
in Mediterranean countries. OBJECTIVE: In this prospective cohort study, we
tested the hypothesis that regular wine drinking reduces the
hypertension-related risk of death. DESIGN: We used data from 36 583 healthy
middle-aged men who had normal results on an electrocardiogram and were not
taking drugs for cardiovascular disease risk factors. The subjects underwent
a comprehensive health appraisal at the Center for Preventive Medicine
between 1 January 1978 and 31 December 1985. Mortality from all causes and
from specific causes during a 13-21-y follow-up was recorded. RESULTS: In a
Cox model adjusted for 6 confounding variables, moderate wine drinkers
(those who consumed <60 g alcohol/d and no beer) with systolic blood
pressure (SBP) of 158, 139, or 116 mm Hg had significantly lower risks of
death from all causes by 23%, 27%, and 37%, respectively, than did
abstainers. Even for the highest quartile of blood pressure, moderate wine
drinkers were protected from all-cause mortality. No significant reduction
in all-cause mortality in relation to SBP was observed in other drinkers
(those who consumed > or =60 g alcohol/d or who consumed beer and wine).
CONCLUSION: A moderate intake of wine is associated with a lower risk of
mortality from all causes in persons with hypertension.
PMID: 15321801 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Biol Res. 2004;37(2):183-7. Related Articles, Links
Alcohol and mortality from all causes.
Renaud S, Lanzmann-Petithory D, Gueguen R, Conard P.
Emile Roux Hospital, Public Assistance of Paris Hospitals France.
serge.renaud@erx.ap-hop-paris.fr
A large number of prospective studies have observed an inverse relationship
between a moderate intake of alcohol and coronary heart disease morbidity
and mortality. Concerning death from all-causes, results are not unanimous.
Alcohol intake was associated with a protection of all-cause mortality in
England and USA physicians and the large study of the American Cancer
Society. None of these studies separated the effects of different alcoholic
beverages. In our prospective studies in France on 35 000 middle-aged men,
we observed that only wine at moderate intake, was associated with a
protective effect on all-cause mortality. The reason was that in addition to
the known effect on cardiovascular diseases, a very moderate intake of wine,
protected also from cancer and other causes as confirmed by Gronbaek in
Denmark. Our recent results also indicate that the protective effect of a
moderate intake of wine on all-cause mortality is observed at all levels of
blood pressure and serum cholesterol.
PMID: 15455645 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb. 2003 Sep-2004 Dec;33(5-6):466-71. Related
Articles, Links
The mediterranean lecture: wine and thrombosis--from epidemiology to
physiology and back.
de Gaetano G, Di Castelnuovo A, Donati MB, Iacoviello L.
Research Laboratories, Center for High Technology Research and Education in
Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University Campobasso, Italy.
gdegaetano@rm.unicatt.it
The protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on the risk of
cardiovascular disease has been consistently shown in many epidemiological
studies. Antiatherogenic alterations in plasma lipoproteins, particularly
increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol,are considered as the
most plausible mechanism of the protective effect of alcohol consumption on
coronary artery disease (CHD). Other potential mechanisms contributing to
the cardio-protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption include
anti-thrombotic down regulation of blood platelet function, as well as of
the coagulation and fibrinolysis balance. Since the proposal of a "French
paradox" in the early Nineties, the possibility that consuming alcohol in
the form of wine might confer a protection against CHD above that expected
from its alcohol content, has made the topic"wine and health" increasingly
popular. Many epidemiological studies have explored such a possibility, by
comparing specific alcoholic beverage types (wine,beer, liqueur) in respect
to their relative capacity to reduce the risk of CHD. In parallel,
experimental studies have been done, in which wine and wine-derived products
have been tested for their capacity to interfere with molecular and cellular
mechanisms relevant to the pathogenesis of CHD. Wine might indeed
conceivably have other ethanol unrelated beneficial effects. The biological
rationale for such a hypothesis has been linked to the enrichment in
grape-derived, non-alcoholic components, that possibly make it peculiar in
respect to other alcoholic beverages. In fact, while the mechanisms
underlying the effects of alcohol on cardiovascular disease have been
limited to lipid metabolism and the haemostatic system, those related to
wine consumption have also been extended to specific anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant and nitric oxide related vaso-relaxant properties of its
polyphenolic constituents. The effect of wine consumption has been carefully
investigated to account for potential confounding of several conditions
(inappropriate use of abstainers as control population, correlation between
wine or total alcohol consumption and markers of healthy lifestyle and
socioeconomic factors, diet, etc.). Strong evidence indicates that moderate
wine consumption rather than confounders reduces both fatal and non fatal
CHD events. In spite of the fact that the healthy effect of moderate intake
of wine is by now well accepted, important issues remain to be resolved
about the relationship between wine, alcohol and alcoholic beverages, the
(possibly different) optimal amount of alcohol intake in men and women, the
individual or environmental modulation of the alcohol related effect and the
pattern of drinking. Some of these issues have been recently addressed in a
large meta-analysis, in which the relationship between wine or beer
consumption and CHD risk was quantitatively evaluated. We shall summarize
here the experimental and epidemiological studies with wine or wine-derived
products aimed at finding biological explanations for the supposed superior
cardio-protective effects of wine consumption and to discuss some open
questions about wine and vascular disease as approached in epidemiological
studies.
Publication Types:
Review
PMID: 15692262 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Arch Intern Med. 2003 Jun 9;163(11):1329-36. Related Articles, Links
Comment in:
Arch Intern Med. 2004 Mar 8;164(5):572; author reply 572-3.
Alcohol drinking patterns and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among younger
women.
Wannamethee SG, Camargo CA Jr, Manson JE, Willett WC, Rimm EB.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.,
USA. goya@pcps.ucl.ac.uk
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and the
incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among relatively young and middle-aged
women. METHODS: In a prospective study, 109 690 women, aged 25 to 42 years,
without a history of coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, or diabetes
mellitus completed a detailed lifestyle and medical history questionnaire in
1989. During 10 years of follow-up, we documented 935 incident cases of type
2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: We found a nonlinear relationship between
alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus after adjustment
for multiple confounders, including body mass index, smoking, physical
activity, and family history of diabetes mellitus (quadratic trend P =.003).
Compared with lifelong abstainers, the adjusted relative risks (95%
confidence intervals) were 0.80 (0.66-0.96) for those consuming 0.1 to 4.9
g/d, 0.67 (0.50-0.89) for those consuming 5.0 to 14.9 g/d, 0.42 (0.20-0.90)
for those consuming 15.0 to 29.9 g/d, and 0.78 (0.34-1.78) for those
consuming 30.0 g/d or more. Further adjustment for dietary factors,
including glycemic load, trans-fatty acid, polyunsaturated fat, and total
fiber intake, did not appreciably alter these findings. The inverse
association with light to moderate drinking was most apparent in women who
reported wine or beer drinking. Women who reported 30.0 g/d or more of
liquor intake showed a significantly increased risk of diabetes mellitus
compared with those who did not report liquor intake (adjusted relative
risk, 2.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-6.23). CONCLUSION: Light to
moderate alcoholic beverage consumption may be associated with a lower risk
of type 2 diabetes mellitus among women aged 25 to 42 years, although this
benefit may not persist at higher levels.
PMID: 12796069 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Next message: Robert: "Re: More Bad News About Dairy"
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