Re: "Salty food a taste to shake"
- From: "montygram" <nazztrader@xxxxxxxxx>
- Date: 11 May 2005 14:13:58 -0700
Here's something worth a read:
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEED FOR 5/10 GRAMS A DAY
It is common knowledge that the blood of animals is saline, that is it
contains sodium chloride in solution, and in addition contains smaller
quantities of ions of other elements. Of the non-electrolytes most are
manufactured by the body and some can be stored, for example, fats. But
electrolytes like sodium chloride cannot be stored nor can they be
manufactured in the body. They must be taken in with food. Some of them
are needed in such small quantities that they are obtainable from
almost any diet; sodium and potassium salts, however, are needed in
greater quantity.
Plants have much more potassium than sodium, so that potassium hunger
is unknown except in extreme starvation. There remains the need for
sodium as sodium chloride, or common salt. A complex hormone mechanism
ensures that the proportion and concentration of salts in the blood
remain constant. If a man eats too much salt he excretes what is not
needed. If he takes in too little the mechanism makes the body excrete
more water in order to keep the salinity constant. If this is taken to
extremes the body is desiccated and death results. The same control
mechanism operates when a man takes in tool little water, for he
excretes more salt and less water. Death from salt starvation or from
thirst are both aspects of the same vital need for a stable saline
environment inside the body.
Many experiments have been carried out to establish the minimum salt
requirements for men and animals. The results of these suggest that the
minimum amount of urinary sodium lost in twenty-four hours corresponds
to between 4 and 6 grams of sodium chloride.
Regular Infusion of sodium chloride in solution
This salt must be replaced.
A man therefore needs about 5-10 grams of salt per day or 2-3 kg per
year for mere survival. A community of 500 would need about 1 ton per
year. Clearly, anyone who can control the salt supply of community has
powers of life and death. The control of water, being more ubiquitous
than salt, is not simple to put into effect.
2000 Neolithic man was a carnivore and not, as American scientists have
claimed, a vegan, according to a new study led by a British researcher
In regions of the world where the population lives mainly on meat or
fish, there is no difficulty in satisfying this physiological need as
animal food provides enough salt. Salt-deprivation does however, become
a hazard in vast areas where meat is scarce and many depend primarily
on a vegetable diet.
Normal water losses in grams per day per person:
g/day losses in:- Urine Sweat Excrements Skin Lung
Common salt 2.08 0.1-0.3 . 0.1-0.3 - -
Water 700-1500 - 150 500 400
We spend much of our physiological "effort" keeping the precise
composition of this salt water constant ( "Homeostasis" )
The important discovery of pickling was made at the end of the last Ice
Age. It coincided with the steep eustatic ocean rise that flooded the
continental shelf, which was up to then a rich hunting and fishing
ground for Neolithic man. This sudden sea level rise left very few flat
areas where salt crusts could form naturally or even within artificial
low lying dykes. In order to survive , Shelf man had to migrate inland
and he succeeded in developing agriculture and animal herding.
Previously, hunting and fishing societies had found salt in the tissues
of their prey but under these new conditions, with and increased
vegetable diet, more mineral salt was needed to supply what was missing
from their diet. In addition, pickling to avoid the seasonal shortage
demanded even more salt than the basic 5 g per day. An average of some
25 g were needed , calculated on a per capita basis , and this meant
that survival and growth of civilizations were often limited by the
availability of salt. Efficient and extended salt production became
necessary .Jewish traditional KOSHER family processing hardly remembers
the reasons for salting their meat protein and only recently the
invention of refrigeration has replaced the need leaving us with quaint
customs
The increased consumption of salt to ca. 30 grams,.. over and above the
minimum physiological requirement, had a striking result which might be
of some importance. This additional salt intake changed the bromine
ratio in the diet because crystallized salt used for food preservation
has a chlorine-to-bromine ration of over 2000:1, that is, it contains
almost no bromine. As bromine has a sedative effect on the human
nervous system one might speculate whether the new circumstances of
bromine reduction stimulated greater activity and advance.
" It was not until mid-1988 that medical journals began to publish the
results of this massive effort, the Intersalt Study. These findings
showed a scant relationship between sodium and blood pressure. "Salt
has little importance in hypertension" headlined the accompanying
editorial in the prestigious British Medical Journal. The Intersalt
researchers measured urinary electrolytes and blood pressures in 10,079
individuals in 52 centres in 32 countries using standard methods and
analysing the samples in a single laboratory. The head of the American
Heart Association's Nutrition Committee and member of the U.S. Dietary
Guidelines Advisory Committee summarised: "We're trying to back away
from our salt recommendation without looking like fools."
Quote from......... Low urinary salt levels linked with higher risk in
men with HBP June 7, 1995 NR
Respected professionals take sides:
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/71/5/1013 and
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/71/5/1020
THE SALT ARCHIVE SUGGESTS THE REAL FACTS: involve
the BROMIDE / CHLORIDE ION RATIO
The results of an [MRBLOCH SALT Archive] investigation into the
correlation of the Cl-/Br- ion ratio in the body shows the regulating
mechanism in the kidney, counterbalancing the changes of salt diet,
that retain bromides in preference to chlorides.
Conclusions:
Plants have a high Bromide content in their halogenides.
Any salt free diet has a relatively high bromide content
Salt (NaCl) used as a condiment has little bromine
The bromide content of urine halogenides is always lower than that of
bloodserum [twice as low]
The kidney reabsorbs bromide in preference to chlorides
Sweat and saliva, have a higher bromide content, than blood and urine.
Sweating causes more bromide losses than chlorides, counteracting the
reverse effect of the kidneys.
[from Bulletin of the Research council of Israel 1959 vol 8A no 4]
Bloch , Kaplan, Schnerb 1959
Comment:
It would seem that people who sweat profusely [as in hypertension] lose
more bromides [perhaps we should forget about sodium squabbles for a
moment], causing salt [chloride ions] to increase in influence. The
delicate balance of Chloride ions to Bromide ions is regulated in the
kidneys and compensates the losses in sweat and urine.
Conclusion - eat salt - but together with plenty of bromide containing
foods.. Better still, eat Bromine rich Dead Sea salt.
NEWS "FLASH"- .....
Hyponatremia means a low concentration of sodium in the blood.
MARATHON RUNNERS MUST MAINTAIN SALT-WATER BALANCE
Drinking too much water while running a marathon can result in death,
according to a new study conducted by UCSF researchers.
The scientists found that consuming excess amounts of water can cause
the brain to swell or can cause fluid to leak into the lungs, both of
which can be fatal.
But in their study, the researchers also offer a cure: administrating
salt water intravenously.
Although marathon runners need to keep hydrated, researchers have found
that only drinking water can cause a condition known as hyponatremia.
In the past decade, scientists have observed that runners who died
during a marathon had lost the delicate balance of water and salt
normally maintained in the body.
Even though the runners had plenty of water, they were extremely
deficient in salt.
The results were published in the May 2 edition of the Archives of
Internal Medicine.
Drinking Too Much Water Can Kill You
By Alison McCook
07/03/2002 - NEW YORK (Reuters) - A new review of three deaths of US
military recruits highlights the dangers of drinking too much water.
The military has traditionally focused on the dangers associated with
heat illness, which has killed a number of healthy, young enrollees,
Colonel John W. Gardner of the Office of the Armed Forces Medical
Examiner in Rockville, Maryland told Reuters Health. However, pushing
the need to drink water too far can also have deadly consequences, he
said.
"The risk has always been not drinking enough," Gardner said. "And then
people who aren't medically attuned get overzealous," inducing recruits
to drink amounts of water that endanger their health, he added.
"That's why we published this paper: to make it clear to people that
overzealousness can be dangerous," Gardner explained.
In September 1999, a 19-year-old Air Force recruit collapsed during a
5.8-mile walk, with a body temperature of 108 degrees Fahrenheit.
Doctors concluded he had died of both heat stroke and low blood sodium
levels as a result of overhydration.
During January 2000, a 20-year-old trainee in the Army drank around 12
quarts of water during a 2- to 4-hour period while trying to produce a
urine specimen for a drug test. She then experienced fecal
incontinence, lost consciousness and became confused, then died from
swelling in the brain and lungs as a result of low blood sodium.
In March 2001, a 19-year-old Marine died from drinking too much water
after a 26-mile march, during which he carried a pack and gear weighing
more than 90 pounds. Although he appeared fine during the beginning
stages of the 8-hour walk, towards the end he began vomiting and
appeared overly tired. He was then sent to the hospital, where he fell
into a coma, developed brain swelling and died the next day. It is
unclear how much water he drank during the march, but Marines were
given a "constant emphasis" on drinking water before and during the
activity, Gardner writes in the latest issue of Military Medicine.
In an interview with Reuters Health, Gardner explained that drinking
too much water is dangerous because the body cannot excrete that much
fluid. Excess water then goes to the bowel, which pulls salt into it
from the body, diluting the concentration of salt in the tissues.
Changing the concentration of salt, in turn, causes a shifting of
fluids within the body, which can then induce a swelling in the brain.
The swollen organ will then press against the bones of the skull, and
become damaged.
The researcher added that previous cases of water toxicity have been
noted in athletes who consume excessive amounts in order to avoid heat
stroke. In addition, certain psychiatric patients may drink too much
water in an attempt to wash away their sins, or flush out poisons they
believe have entered their bodies.
In 1998, the Army released fluid replacement guidelines, which
recommend a certain intake of water but limit it to 1 to 1-1/2 quarts
per hour and 12 quarts per day.
It takes a while for these guidelines to get "permeated out" to
everybody, Gardner admitted. In the meantime, he suggested that bases
take notice of the mistakes of others, and "not wait for somebody to
die from (water toxicity) again," he said.
"You can't prevent everything bad from happening," Gardner noted. "But
when it does, you have to learn from it."
quote... University of California at Berkeley Wellness Letter July 1995
The many reasons to cut back on salt
QUOTE: "The salt wars continue." The anti-salt forces say everybody
should go easy on salt. The anti-anti salt contingent claims that
sodium restriction as a preventive measure is "unnecessary and
undesirable," and terms the salt-restriction policies of the American
Heart Association and other groups "misguided"--a nuisance imposed on
the American public by zealots and bureaucrats who don't really know
what they're talking about. The anti-salt forces strongly disagree and
point to new evidence that excess salt consumption is linked not only
to hypertension but possibly to other conditions as well--including
osteoporosis and some cancers. . ......"unquote
95-4286-(Hypert/Alderman)**
DALLAS, June 8 -- An unexpectedly high incidence of heart attacks was
found in hypertensive men with low amounts of salt in their urine, New
York researchers reported today. The study is the first to link
different levels of sodium intake/excretion with different levels of
heart attack risk, its authors say. The findings raise important
questions about the low-salt diet that's widely recommended for
hypertensive patients, says Michael H. Alderman, M.D., senior author of
the study and chairman of epidemiology at Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, N.Y. No particular recommendation regarding salt
intake is justified on the basis of this single study, however,
Alderman says. "Further research is needed to support any new national
dietary recommendations," he adds. Alderman and his colleagues at
Albert Einstein and at Cornell University Medical College in New York
City studied a group of 1,900 hypertensive men for an average of almost
four years. More than four times as many heart attacks occurred in men
with the lowest amounts of sodium in their urine, compared to men with
the highest levels of urinary sodium, the scientists report in the June
issue of Hypertension, an American Heart Association scientific
journal. The AHA defines hypertension as a chronic elevation in blood
pressure to a reading of 140 over 90 millimeters of mercury or
higher...........
National Center of Heart... For more information, Email annw@xxxxxxxxx
http://www.amhrt.org/news/4286.htm
Source: http://www.salt.org.il/frame_phys.html
.
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