Re: obese chinese kids eat fewer carbs

Can you explain please what this study means with regard to the original
of this thread that is meaningful? They are two very different studies
asking different questions. The original study has a history in this
newsgroup as the 70 percent traditional asian carb intake as relates to
metabolic questions has come up with regard to carb intake weight status
and metabolic disorders risk. Recently as in the rest of the world
metabolic risk has increased and in this case we see it goes with
increased fat and meat intake along with lower physical activity.

1: Pediatrics 1999 Mar;103(3):E26 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

High glycemic index foods, overeating, and obesity.

Ludwig DS, Majzoub JA, Al-Zahrani A, Dallal GE, Blanco I, Roberts SB.

Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Children's
Hospital,Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in
recent years. However, the role of dietary composition in body weight
regulation remains unclear. The purpose of this work was to investigate
the acute effects of dietary glycemic index (GI) on energy metabolism
and voluntary food intake in obese subjects. METHODS: Twelve obese
teenage boys were evaluated on three separate occasions using a
crossover study protocol. During each evaluation, subjects consumed
identical test meals at breakfast and lunch that had a low, medium, or
high GI. The high- and medium-GI meals were designed to have similar
macronutrient composition, fiber content, and palatability, and all
meals for each subject had equal energy content. After breakfast, plasma
and serum concentrations of metabolic fuels and hormones were measured.
Ad libitum food intake was determined in the 5-hour period after lunch.
RESULTS: Voluntary energy intake after the high-GI meal (5.8 megajoule
[mJ]) was 53% greater than after the medium-GI meal (3.8 mJ), and 81%
greater than after the low-GI meal (3.2 mJ). In addition, compared with
the low-GI meal, the high-GI meal resulted in higher serum insulin
levels, lower plasma glucagon levels, lower postabsorptive plasma
glucose and serum fatty acids levels, and elevation in plasma
epinephrine. The area under the glycemic response curve for each test
meal accounted for 53% of the variance in food intake within subjects.
CONCLUSIONS: The rapid absorption of glucose after consumption of
high-GI meals induces a sequence of hormonal and metabolic changes that
promote excessive food intake in obese subjects. Additional studies are
needed to examine the relationship between dietary GI and long-term body
weight regulation.

Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Controlled Clinical Trial
PMID: 10049982 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

1: Nutr Rev 1999 Sep;57(9 Pt 1):273-6 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Comment in:
Nutr Rev. 1999 Sep;57(9 Pt 1):297.
Glycemic index, cardiovascular disease, and obesity.

Morris KL, Zemel MB.

Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA.

Although Americans have decreased the percent of energy they consume
from fat, obesity and obesity-related comorbidities have progressively
increased. Less attention has been paid to the role of carbohydrates,
especially carbohydrate source, in these metabolic diseases. However,
recent epidemiologic studies demonstrate consistently higher rates of
cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes in individuals deriving a
greater percentage of energy from refined grains and simple
carbohydrates than from whole grains. Differences in the metabolic
response to carbohydrates can be classified by glycemic index (GI), the
blood glucose response to a given food compared with a standard
(typically white bread or glucose). Classification of carbohydrates as
"simple" or "complex" is of little use in predicting GI, because GI is
influenced by starch structure (amylose versus amylopectin), fiber
content, food processing, physical structure of the food, and other
macronutrients in the meal. Low-GI diets have been reported to lower
postprandial glucose and insulin responses, improve lipid profiles, and
increase insulin sensitivity. Moreover, high-GI diets stimulate de novo
lipogenesis and result in increased adipocyte size, whereas low-GI diets
have been reported to inhibit these responses. Thus, the GI of dietary
carbohydrates appears to play an important role in the metabolic fate of
carbohydrates and, consequently, may significantly affect the risk of
cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial
PMID: 10568336 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


The LC kids in this study ate about 50% more calories, and lost much
more weight than the LF dieters:

J Pediatr. 2003 Mar;142(3):253-8. Related Articles, Links


Comment in:
J Pediatr. 2003 Mar;142(3):225-7.

Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and cardiovascular
risk factor in overweight adolescents.

Sondike SB, Copperman N, Jacobson MS.

Division of Adolescent Medicine, Schneider Children's Hospital, New Hyde
Park, New York 10128, USA.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet with
those of a low-fat (LF) diet on weight loss and serum lipids in
overweight adolescents. DESIGN: A randomized, controlled 12-week trial.
SETTING: Atherosclerosis prevention referral center. METHODS: Random,
nonblinded assignment of participants referred for weight management.
The study group (LC) (n = 16) was instructed to consume <20 g of
carbohydrate per day for 2 weeks, then <40 g/day for 10 weeks, and to
eat LC foods according to hunger. The control group (LF) (n = 14) was
instructed to consume <30% of energy from fat. Diet composition and
weight were monitored and recorded every 2 weeks. Serum lipid profiles
were obtained at the start of the study and after 12 weeks. RESULTS: The
LC group lost more weight (mean, 9.9 +/- 9.3 kg vs 4.1 +/- 4.9 kg, P
<.05) and had improvement in non-HDL cholesterol levels (P <.05). There
was improvement in LDL cholesterol levels (P <.05) in the LF group but
not in the LC group. There were no adverse effects on the lipid profiles
of participants in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The LC diet appears to be
an effective method for short-term weight loss in overweight adolescents
and does not harm the lipid profile.

Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial

PMID: 12640371 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Susan
.

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