Conversion of solar energy in a mechanical form?


I propose you the following conjecture: is it possible to convert directly
solar energy in a mechanical form?

Imagine a thin *** metal made in a strong material like steel, with a
thickness approaching 50 m. This *** metal is drilled by a very great
number of conical holes, the small opening of holes on a face of ***, the
large opening on the other face. The opening angle of these conical holes is
very small, approximately 0.1 degree. The diameter of the small opening of
holes must be very small, lower or equal to the mean free path of the gas in
contact. For example, the mean free path of the molecules of atmosphere at
sea level is 70 nanometers. If the gas in contact is the atmosphere at sea
level, the diameter of the small opening must be lower than 70 nm, the
diameter of the other opening can be bigger, approaching some hundreds
nanometers.

The kinetic theory of gases makes the assumption that the collisions of gas
particles with the solid walls in contact are perfectly elastic. The
smallness of the diameter of conical hole in the part close to the small
opening makes that the molecules of gas contained in the hole have more
frequently shocks on the wall of hole that among them. The slope of the wall
of hole modifies gradually the trajectories of gas molecules. Each elastic
shock of gas molecule on solid wall modifies the angle between the speed
vector of molecule and the axis of hole. For a molecule entering in hole by
the large opening, the angle between the speed vector and the axis of hole
increases with a value equal to the opening angle of hole after each shock
on solid wall. For a molecule entering in hole by the small opening, the
angle between the speed vector and the axis of hole decreases with a value
equal to the opening angle of hole after each shock on solid wall. The
molecules of gas which enter by the large opening have their trajectories
gradually inverted by shocks on wall. These molecules don't reach the small
opening of hole. On the contrary, the molecules of gas which enter by the
small opening have their trajectories gradually made parallel to the axis of
hole by shocks on the oblique wall. These molecules can't return towards the
small opening.

The conical hole discriminates the molecules of gas according as they enter
by its small or large opening. The molecules of gas entering in hole by the
large opening have their trajectories inverted by the shocks on the wall of
hole. They quit the hole by the large opening, so their contribution to the
pressure applied on the face of the *** metal is the same as if the holes
are absent. On contrary, the molecules of gas which enter in hole by the
small opening don't participate on the pressure applied on the face of the
*** metal but, by shocks on the wall of hole, generate a pressure on the
opposite face of the *** metal. If the surface occupied by the small
openings represents 1 % of the total surface of the face of *** metal, it
could appear between the two faces of the *** metal a difference of
pressure of 2 %.

Simultaneously at this difference of pressure, a stream of gas through the
small openings towards the large openings appears. This orderly movement
shows a decrease of disorder of molecules of gas, translated by the decrease
of the indicator of this disorder: the temperature. So a difference of
pressure could be maintained by the heat of gas in contact. A force,
proportional at the area of the *** metal drilled by conical holes, could
be recovered.

If this phenomenon occurs really, it could transform into mechanical form
the solar energy stored in the heat of atmosphere. This use of solar energy
could have the advantage to be free from the variability of daylight.

One can envisage two modes of manufacture: etching or bombing. Since some
years, the single-crystal silicon used in the electronic industry knows new
applications for the manufacture of micromechanical devices. The etching is
the main tool of this new industry, and more particularly the anisotropic
etching. This sort of etching affects the single-crystal silicon in variable
speed according as the crystallographic orientation of the silicon surface.
It is possible with this technique to make a great variety of holes,
particularly conical holes.

The other mode of manufacture could be bombing. One knows how to make metal
or ceramic aggregates with a diameter of some nanometers until some hundreds
nanometers. Ionized and propelled in high speed by an electrostatic
accelerator, these nanometric missiles could generate holes in a ***
metal. If the energy of these solid particles is suitably adjusted, one
could, I believe, obtain conical holes. The smallest opening of the hole
would be localized in the impact point of the particle and would have its
diameter. This mode of ballistic manufacture doesn't necessitate
single-crystal silicon as support. Current materials as the steel could be
used.

I think that this phenomenon is not incompatible with the second law of
thermodynamic. These *** metal drilled by conical holes could be seen as a
dissipative system, permitting the local apparition of negative entropy.

Dau.mic



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