Re: Is the speed of light really constant ?

From: Androcles (androc1es_at_nospamblueyonder.co.uk)
Date: 09/29/04 

Date: Wed, 29 Sep 2004 23:27:56 GMT

"Mich" <mich@efni.com> wrote in message
news:10lltclkkm2tube@corp.supernews.com...
|
| Pax <pax1@whitesweb.com> wrote in message
| news:bVf6d.14313$yp2.4530@newssvr30.news.prodigy.com...
| > You've seen wind tunnel tests on television before, haven't you?

No, but I have seen wind tunnels at NASA Ames Research Establishment,
Redwood City, CA.

They use
| > fine smoke to show air movement around an object in a wind tunnel. Have
| you
| > ever noticed how the smoke hits the front of the object, builds up
| slightly,
| > then rushes past and over the object to its rear? The same thing happens
| > with sound waves in air and light waves in space. The waves are
compressed
| > (rise in pitch or spectrum) so that their wavelengths shorten if an
object
| > is moving toward us, and stretch out (drop in pitch or spectrum) so that
| > their wavelengths lengthen if an object is moving away from us. This is
| the
| > Doppler Effect.
| >
| > Edwin Hubble noted a "dopplering" of the light from distant galaxies in
| > 1929, their light was all shifted toward the red (longer wavelength),
and
| > the further away from us the galaxy was the faster it appeared to be
| > receding from us. The rate of acceleration, depending on distance from
us,
| > was so stable a "constant" was discovered, Hubble's Constant (H).
| >
| > Using his constant, Hubble arrived at an age for the Universe that was
| much
| > younger than that commonly held for the age of the Earth (he also
| calculated
| > that our galaxy, the Milky Way, was larger than all other galaxies).
Other
| > astronomers, positive he was mistaken, adjusted the value of Hubble's
| > Constant in order to arrive at an age for the Universe more in line with
| > popular belief, 10 to 20 billion years.
| >
| > One must wonder, if Hubble was considered on the one hand to be so right
| > then why was he also considered to be so wrong? He found a value of
150km
| > per second per 1,000,000 light years for H, however that has now been
| > revised down to 15-30km per 1,000,000 light years for H. That's a huge
| > revision, denoting a 70-85% error!
| >
| > Hubble's Law (the cosmological velocity-distance law), which uses as its
| > basis Hubble's Constant, states that
| > velocity = H times distance,
| > the greater the distance of the galaxy, the faster it recedes. The fact
of
| > this acceleration according to distance was never officially questioned,
| yet
| > it seems no one thought to apply it directly to Universal expansion... a
| > least until very recently. This is exceedingly strange, since
astronomers
| > have been using Hubble's Constant for nearly three-quarters of a
century.
|
| ...interesting.

If you paint the inside of sphere with a uniform coat, using a unit can of
paint, then you'll need 4 cans of paint for a sphere of radius 2, 9 cans of
paint for a sphere of radius 3, and r^2 cans of paint for a sphere of radius
r.
If you have only one can of paint, the coating will be thinner on a larger
sphere than a smaller one.
Stars "paint" their spheres with energy, and you are standing at the surface
of the sphere being painted. Get too close to the star, and you'll be
roasted.
Stand well back. The further away you are, the fainter the star will appear,
but you'll still see it if you can gather enough energy. To do that, use a
large
parabolic mirror that collects the energy over a wider area and focuses the
energy to a point, and then put your eye at the point. This we call a
telescope.
Max Planck wrote an equation that links energy with frequency,
E = hf, where h is Planck's constant.
The lower the energy the lower the frequency.
This alone should tell you to expect a lengthening of wavelength of light
from a distant star.
No matter how large you make the mirror, this longer wavelength will still
be apparent.
Thus the red-shift isn't Doppler-shift at all, it only appears that way. It
is Planck-shift.
The star is NOT moving away.
To turn that into Doppler shift once again, we suppose that the frequency
of the light is actually unaltered.
Since by definition c = wf, w for wavelength, we can rewrite Planck's
equation
as
E = hc/w, and indeed as
c = Eh/w
Since E is constant (there is only one can of paint) and h is constant,
it follows that c is inversely proportional to the wavelength.
Thus the light is slowing down.
This isn't as strange as you'd first imagine. An expanding soap bubble
filled with a constant stream of air from your bubble pipe will not
have a constant rate of increase of its radius either.
If we now extend our telescope mirror over an ever widening area, we will
reach a limit, that of a sphere with the star at centre, reflecting all the
light back to the star. It will speed up. This may seem like gravitational
blue shift... it isn't. Light is massless.
Ignoring Planck's work and insisting c is constant will lead to the
concept of an expanding Universe with a Big Bang as its origin, and
general confusion.
The universe is not expanding evermore rapidly, the light we see it
by is slowing as a function of distance.
Androcles' constant is p (= Eh), and Androcles' equation is
p = cw, 'p' chosen in honour of Planck.

Androcles.

|
| Andre
| >
| > Be well - Pax
| >
| > .~*~._.~*~._.~*~._.~*~._.~*~._.~*~._.~*~._.~*~._.~*~.
| >
| > What are ten years in the history of humanity? Must
| > not all those forces that determine the life of a man
| > be regarded as constant compared with such a trifling
| > interval? - Albert Einstein - Out of My Later Years
| >
| >
|
|

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