Re: What is frequency??


PD wrote:
kenseto wrote:
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By curvature, I assume you mean spatial displacement of some
portion
of
the E-string from its undistorted position.

Yes.

I don't understand how an S-particle changing its orbit to a
different
E-string constitutes a distortion, unless by this you mean
that
the
curvature is removed from one string and imposed on another.
Is
this
what you mean?

When an S-Particle changes orbiting a different E-String the
E-String
that
it was orbiting will snap back to its undistored state and this
action
creates a wave in that E-String.

Wait... in your article you say that distortions in the E-string
are
the same as waves in the E-string. (You frequently use the phrase
"distortion or wave in the E-string".) Now you say that when an
E-string snaps back to its *undistorted* state causes a wave in
that
E-string, and a wave in the E-matrix is a *distortion* of the
E-matrix.

I'm confused again as to what you mean by the distortion of the
E-matrix. Is the distorted state *with* a wave or *without* a
wave?
*with* curvature in the E-string or *without* curvature?

Distortions in the E-Matrix are defined as curvature in the E-Matrix
or
waves in the E-Matrix. The E-Matrix is composed of E-Strings.
Therefore
any
wave on any E-String is wave (distortion) in the E-Matrix.
The curvature in the E-Matrix is generally caused by the absolute
motion
of
a S-Particle system (such as the earth) moving in the E-Matrix. A
wave
in
the E-Matrix (the E-String) is generally caused by the orbiting
S-Particle
change it orbit around a different E-String.

You didn't answer the question. Just to be clear: When a E-string
snaps
back to its *undistorted* state, it cannot have a wave in it as a
result, because a wave would be a *distortion* in the E-string.
Correct?

No idiot....if you pluck string you create a wave in it. The wave will
travel along the E-String in both directions with a velocity c. The
distortion (the wave) in the E-Matrix is no longer at the location where
the
particle is located.


I'm just trying to understand your terminology, Ken. I asked you what
"distortion" in an E-string means. You said curvature in the E-string,
like what you get when there's a wave in the E-string.

Then you said that when an S-particle leaves an E-string so that the
E-string goes back to its UNDISTORTED state, it creates a wave in the
string. Well, a wave is a distortion. How can a string in an
UNDISTORTED state be in a DISTORTED state?

It appear that you didn't bother to read or understand what I said. When an
orbiting S-Particle leaves an E-String that E-String goes back to its
undistorted state LOCALLY and in that process it creates a wave ( a
distortion) in that E-String that travel along the E-String at a speed c.

Ah, OK, so just to be clear: When a portion of the string (at say,
position x) relaxes to an undistorted state, then a portion of the
string nearby (at say, position x+dx) is what gets distorted, and this
is what propagates the wave from x to x+dx. Is this closer to what you
mean?

Now, please refer to what I said earlier. In *every single instance* of
a transverse wave propagated along a medium like a string, the velocity
of the propagation is related to two things: the elastic modulus
(stiffness) of the medium and the inertia of the medium. Both of those
quantities are independently measurable. This is how we know this rule
applies to all transverse waves propagated along a medium. For example,
for a guitar string, we can measure the elastic modulus of the material
of the string in an experiment that has nothing to do with waves, and
we can measure the inertia of the material of the string, and we can
use that to *predict* the velocity of the wave in the guitar string and
then compare that with a direct measurement of that wave speed -- and
it works. In fact, we can go the other way and by measuring the
velocity of the wave speed, we can predict either the elastic modulus
of the string material or the inertia of the string material, and then
compare that with the independent measurements of either of those --
and it works. I repeat -- this doesn't work only for guitar strings; it
works for every single case of a transverse wave supported by a medium.

Now, here's the rub. When you try to do that with a presumed medium in
otherwise empty space and try to figure out what values for elastic
modulus or inertia would be appropriate from a propagation speed of c
this necessarily implies either a value of stiffness or a value of
inertia that is obviously ridiculous.

An electromagnetic medium always has an opposite charge
moving in the opposite direction in response to incident light
so these kinds of mechanical continuum argurments don't apply.

Coulomb force and electron mass nicely accounts
for the speed of light just as mass and tension of
a musical instrument string.

http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Images/alphaeq.gif
http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/alpha.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/waves/string.html

Sue...



This is a basic problem that you haven't addressed at all, but one that
was recognized a long, long time ago.

PD

.

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