Re: What happened between Newton and Einstein?



---Maxwell's equations---

[kk wrote:]
Maxwell did not measure light's round-trip speed.
Nothing in Maxwell's equations tell us anything
about either light's one-way or round-trip speed.

It involves the absolute constant c.
It says that light's speed will be c.

You may believe what you are saying, but you
will have to prove it because just saying it
doesn't make it so.

I will give you two unslowed and absolutely
synchronous ideal clocks (on paper), along
with an unshrunken ideal ruler (on paper),
and we will see if you can get your c for
either light's round-trip or one-way speed.

---Einstein's explicit MMx acknowledgement---

Sorry, leading the witness.

You need to tell us what Einstein meant by his
tell-tale phrase "in agreement with experience."

It is clear to anyone that his 2AB/(t'a-ta) = c
means the round-trip speed of light per a single
clock over the distance AB.

Maxwell did not measure light's round-trip speed,
so he could not have gotten the specified result
of 2AB/(t'a-ta). He did not have the times t'a
and ta, and he did not use the distance 2AB.

As Maxwell well knew, his c pertains only to
the speed of light's propagation through space.
This is the same for all frames because it has
to do with the nature of space and the nature
of light. It is not a measured speed using
rulers and clocks.

Maxwell's c is frame-independent simply because
the interactions of electric and magnetic fields
are frame-independent. These interactions have
to do with only the relative speeds of the fields,
so are entirely unrelated to any inertial frame.

---Einstein's "synchronization" definition---

Note that this definition works for *any* signal
that you can guarantee travels at the same speed
from B to A as from A to B.

The fact that Einstein chose light does not mean
that it is restricted to light. Are you reading
more into it than what's there?

First, since you admit that Einstein's clocks are
not synchronous, what does it matter what is used
to set them? Asynchronous clocks are of no use.

Second, Einstein had to use light because only
light is source-independent. Only that which is
source-independent can possibly reveal our motion
through space, so Einstein had to have a null result
for light. Therefore, he specifically set his
clocks to obtain this result.

It could be said that Einstein was saying that
only clocks set to get c are properly related,
even though they are asynchronous.

However, there can be no such thing as "properly
related" clocks because that would mean "clocks
chosen by Nature," and yet Nature has no clock
preferences.

Also, even if Nature did prefer (and cause)
asynchronous clocks, they would still be
asynchronous, and therefore not suitable for
correct measurements.

The best we can do is to completely _ignore_
Einstein's clock-setting definition, and to
find a way to get our clocks synchronized.

-----PD on Einstein's "synchronization"-----

Nor does he claim he's getting an absolute
synchronization. He's just using a prescription
that works ... .

But it _doesn't_ work. It cannot lead to correct
time measurements. We need synchronous clocks.

There is no workable synchronization procedure
that generates an absolute (across all reference
frames) synchronization, so we take what we have.

If you had proof that there's no workable
procedure, then we would indeed be screwed;
however, you have no such proof, and I, on
the other hand, have warts, I mean, proof
that clocks can be absolutely synchronized.

Try again.

.

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