Re: Penrose's new ideas on the big bang

Phillip Helbig---remove CLOTHES to reply wrote:
> I recently saw Roger Penrose on the BBC television programme "Hard
> Talk". Having recently read his magnum opus THE ROAD TO REALITY, it was
> clear that a half-hour programme would have to remain superficial. Of
> course, Penrose touched on two of his main themes, the possible role of
> quantum theory in consciousness (I don't think his case is very strong
> here, though I am sympathetic to his ideas about unification, if that's
> the word, of GR with QM) and the low entropy of the big bang.
>
> I want to talk about the latter point here.
>
> Penrose has been presenting this puzzle for decades now. I'm surprised
> that it seems to be ignored if it has not been refuted. If it has been
> refuted, can someone point me to a paper which does so?
>
> Let me state briefly the puzzle. The standard answer to the question of
> the origin of the second law of thermodynamics, i.e. why entropy usually
> increases, is that there are more ways to be disorderly than to be
> orderly. Thus, entropy should increase from time t to time t+dt.
> However, this argument itself cannot assume any arrow of time (it is
> actually trying to explain the arrow of time), so one could just as well
> say that entropy should increase increase from time t to time t-dt. In
> other words, if there are many more disordered states, then a given
> ordered state is much more likely to have arisen from a disorderly
> state. However, observations (e.g. smoothness of the CMB) indicate that
> entropy really does decrease as one goes back in time. Thus, the big
> bang was in a very special state, not some "generic" state. Penrose
> claims that no current theories about the early universe explain this
> and, again, if someone has refuted this argument I would like to know.
>
> From what I could gather from the interview, his answer to the question
> of where the special state of the big bang came from is the following:
> it arises out of the end state of a "previous" universe. He doesn't
> depart from what is now considered to be the standard model of
> cosmology, i.e. the universe continues to expand (i.e. no big crunch).
> After a long time, most matter will end up in black holes. After a
> longer time (Barrow and Tipler estimate such time scales in their book
> THE ANTHROPIC COSMOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE), these will decay due to Hawking
> radiation. (Yes, the timescale is REALLY LONG.) There is then a
> universe of radiation, and Penrose then claims that it "loses track of
> time". I'm not sure how he gets from here to the special state of the
> big bang, perhaps he relies on the fact that, after a very long time,
> even a special state will appear.
>
> Apparently, this is a relative new idea from Penrose (it isn't mentioned
> in his magnum opus, which is just a couple of years old). My question
> is, can someone point me to a technical paper on this, if one exists?
>
> Here's a description of the interview:
>
> http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/hardtalk/4631138.stm
>
> which contains a link to the full interview:
>
> http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsa/n5ctrl/progs/06/hardtalk/penrose18jan.ram

My work with Mahjoub O. Taha, deceased in 2000, is much more
promising than Inflation in regard to solving the cosmological problems
of the standard model, especially the entropy problem:

M. Ozer and M. O. Taha, A Possible Solution to the Main Cosmological
Problems, Phys. Let. B 171 (1986)363

M. Ozer and M. O. Taha, A Model of the Universe free of Cosmological
Problems, Nucl. Phys. B287 (1987)776

M. Ozer and M. O. Taha, Exact Solutions in String-Motivated Scalar
Field Cosmology, PRD45 (1992) R997

M.Ozer, Implications of a Quantum Mechanical Treatment of the
Universe, Mod.Phys.Lett.A 13 (1998)347

Regards,
Murat Ozer

.

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