Re: New Cubic Atomic Model explains electron energy levels and bonding

franklinhu_at_yahoo.com
Date: 02/10/05 

Date: 9 Feb 2005 21:50:50 -0800

Y.Porat wrote:
i would like to see the exct folowing structure evidence:
>
> 2 8 16 32 18 4
> or wahtever is the alleged exact figures

Porat, let's see if I can provide the experimental evidence that you
are asking for. Now, I'm no fan of electron shell theory. Like you,
I had doubts about how the shell theory was supported experimentally.
However, the groupings of electrons by energy level can be read off
directly from the ionization data. Now this doesn't mean that the
electrons are in the shells described by electron shell theory. It
just means that the force holding the electrons to the atom fall
into specifc repeating energy patterns. I had to change my cubic
atomic model to accomodate these patterns.

Now, to get to the specifics of proving that the electron shells
have been confirmed, I have studied the ionization data for Krypton.
This data comes from www.webelements.com. See:

http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Kr/ionz.html

The accepted electron configuration comes from:

http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Kr/econ.html

This is a 2.8.18.8 shell configuration. Each of the levels is
further subdivided into s shells which contain 2 electrons, p
shells which contain 6 electrons, d shells which contain 10
electrons. This is fully described in standard notation as:

[1s2] [2s2 2p6] [3s2 3p6 3d10] [4s2 4p6]

In this terminology:
The first number represents the energy level
The second letter represents the shell
The third number indicates the number of electrons in the shell.

The outermost electrons are towards the right, so one would
expect that the outside of Krypton has an energy level of 4
and the outermost group of electrons would fall into a group
of 6 and then 2 electrons with about the same relative energy
level.

Now, if you carefully examine the ionization chart, you can read
this shell pattern directly from the chart. Starting from the
left of the chart, you can see the energy levels for the first
6 electrons gradually rising. You would expect that as you ionize
electrons, it takes more energy to ionize subsequent electrons
since the force created by the protons remains constant. But we
see that the difference for the ionization energy is about equal
for the first 6 electrons. Then we see a somewhat subtle but
definite jump in the energy required for the 7th electron. This
forms a group of 2 electrons for the 7th and 8th electron. Then
we see a very large jump going to the 9th electron. We then see
a group of 10 electrons. If you are keeping track, this precisely
corresponds to the predicted electron shell levels of 6 (4p6),
2 (4s2), and 10 (3d10).

The chart of the ionization energy differences at:

http://www.geocities.com/franklinhu/atmpics2.html

accentuates the differences in the energy level and makes it
pretty clear that the electron shell energy levels are obeyed.

Once again, I am no fan of electron shell theory, but this data
forced me to completely redo my cubic atomic model to explain this
data. I believe that this was a step in the right direction since
it produced a more regular geometric pattern than in my previous
model.

I think it is significant that I was able to find a pattern
that matched since it is not at all obvious that any pattern would
work. If I couldn't find any pattern to match the ionization data,
that would have been a serious problem. But since I did find a
suitible pattern, the cubic model passes this critical test.

I hope that this is enough proof that you can see with your own
eyes, that at least the groupings of the electron shell theory
are well supported. This doesn't go up to lead and the data beyond
Krypton is pretty spotty, but krypton is a fairly large atom and I
didn't see any indications that the shell groupings wouldn't hold
out further out in the elements.

Your model indicates that Iron (which is smaller than Kypton)
already exhibits the rectangular structure. I do not see how
this structure could exhibit the observed ionization pattern.

This should not be confused with matching up 'spectra' which are
the wavelengths of light given off by an ionzied atom. According
to the other posts, spectra do no indicate the number and type
of electrons in each shell, but the actual ionization energy does.

As a public service, I have posted the material I received from
Porat on my web site at:

http://www.geocities.com/franklinhu/Y.Porat-model2.pdf

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